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CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	bf54
authors	Vásquez De Velasco, Guillermo
year	2002
title	The Computer is to Blame - The Disruptive Potential of a CAD Curriculum in an Architecture / Curriculum
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2002.050
source	Connecting the Real and the Virtual - design e-ducation [20th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-0-8] Warsaw (Poland) 18-20 September 2002, pp. 50-54
summary	In 2001 “DesignIntelligence” and the “Almanac of Architecture and Design” conducted a survey in which they interviewed over 800 leading U.S. architecture firms. The fundamental question was: “In your firm’s hiring experience within the past five years, which schools do you feel have best prepared students for the architecture profession?” This survey produces one of the most respected rankings of schools of architecture in the U.S., but in addition to that critical question, the survey gathers data on a number of additional parameters that are of fundamental importance on why some schools are doing better than others. If we compare current figures with figures of previous years we see that our students are improving in their computer skills at the same time that they are loosing ground in other skills and fields of knowledge. For a non-inquisitive mind the reason is simple: “Our students are too busy working on the computer and are failing to put attention to other important stuff”. This paper makes an attempt to understand the problem from a fair perspective and highlight ways in which our growth in the field of CAD, and the pervasive presence of computer technology in our classrooms, can be used to enhance our teaching / learning capabilities in fields that are currently failing to achieve excellence.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	1fc5
authors	Vásquez de Velasco, Guillermo and Mendivil, Antonieta Angulo
year	2002
title	Cómputo en el Tránsito de la Escuela Secundaria a la Universidad y de la Universidad a la Oficina de Arquitectura [Computation in the Transition between the Secondary School to the University and from the University to the Office of Architecture]
source	SIGraDi 2002 - [Proceedings of the 6th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Caracas (Venezuela) 27-29 november 2002, pp. 245-247
summary	This paper makes reference to the actual and potential development of computer applications in the field of architectural education. In particular, we address issues of infrastructure, faculty and curriculum. At the same time, the paper outlines relationships between prevailing tendencies both in high schools as well as professional offices. In this way we manage to present a consistent vision in which academia and profession articulate IT resources responding to their own agendas. This analysis is illustrated bymeans of the actual conditions under which the School of Architecture at Texas A&M University operates. The paper ends making reference to the challenge of globalization in academia and the profession in the 21st century.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 10:02

_id	f95f
authors	Angulo, A.H., Davidson, R.J. and Vásquez de Velasco, G.P.
year	2001
title	Digital Visualization in the Teaching of Cognitive Visualization
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2001.292
source	Reinventing the Discourse - How Digital Tools Help Bridge and Transform Research, Education and Practice in Architecture [Proceedings of the Twenty First Annual Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture / ISBN 1-880250-10-1] Buffalo (New York) 11-14 October 2001, pp. 292-301
summary	Professional design offices claim that our graduates have difficulties with their free-hand perspective drawing skills. This fact, which has become obvious over the last 5 years, is parallel to a clear tendency towards the use of 3-dimensional digital imagery in the projects of our students. Frequently, faculty tends to blame the computer for the shortcomings of our students in the use of traditional media, yet there is no clear evidence on the source of the blame. At a more fundamental level, the visualization skills of our students are questioned. This paper will explain how faculty teaching design communication techniques, with traditional and digital media, are working together in the development of a teaching methodology that makes use of computers in support of our student’s training on cognitive visualization skills, namely; “The Third-Eye Method”. The paper describes the Third-Eye Method as an alternative to traditional methods. As evidence of the benefits offered by the Third-Eye Method, the paper presents the results of testing it against traditional methods among freshman students. At the end, the paper draws as conclusion that computers are not the main source of the problem but a potential solution.
keywords	Pedagogy, Visualization, Media
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	b269
authors	Vásquez de Velasco, G., Davison, R. and Angulo, A.H.
year	2001
title	EL TERCER OJO: METODOLOGIA DE ENTRENAMIENTO EN VISUALIZACIÓN COGNOSCITIVA (The Third Eye: Metodology for the Training in Cognitive Visualization)
source	SIGraDi biobio2001 - [Proceedings of the 5th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics / ISBN 956-7813-12-4] Concepcion (Chile) 21-23 november 2001, pp. 213-215
summary	The purpose of this paper is to show the results of a collaborative effort between faculty who are involved in teaching design communications in such a way as to develop the students’ cognitive visualization skills yet incorporating the computer as partner in this training. The paper describes what will be called “The Third Eye Method”, an alternative to traditional methods, which has been tested against traditional methods among freshman students. The findings suggest that computer usage is not in itself the source of the visualization problems that students appear to be having, but the solution to the problem.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 10:02

_id	sigradi2005_000
id	sigradi2005_000
authors	Angulo, Antonieta and Vásquez de Velasco, Guillermo (eds.)
year	2005
title	SiGradi2005: Vision and Visualization
source	Proceedings of the 9th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics Graphics / ISBN 978-1-59975-306-5] Lima (Perú) 21-23 november 2005, 826 p.
summary	Paradoxically, one of the most difficult but enjoyable things we do is to imagine. To open the eyes of our mind and see what no one else can see. We see images of things that are yet to be and through the same skill we devise ways in which to make them happen. We design the future in the form of environments, graphics, products, films, and a growing range of new media. Our ability to develop a vision and to visualize it is a gift that we are called to cultivate and put to good use. We have been privileged with a great responsibility. In the process of developing a vision and communicating that vision to others, we “visualize”. Visualization can be a very private experience in which we are alone with mental images that help us shape our vision. In other instances visualization can be a component of mass communication. Visualization can be a means or can be an end. It can be a small architectural sketch on a paper napkin or a mega-graphic covering a high-rise building, an airplane or a ship. In every case, the relationship between vision and visualization is a mutually supportive articulation of what our eyes and our minds can see. Our vision of the role of computers in the art and science of visualization is in constant development. Computer visualization can support an intimate dialog between a designer and his/her vision. It can translate and communicate that vision to a larger audience and in the hands of a new-media artist it can actually constitute his/her vision. The 9th Annual Conference of SIGraDI (Ibero American Society for Computer Graphics) will explore our collective vision on the future of digital visualization and digital media in Environmental Design, Product Design, Graphic Design, Cinematography, New Media, and Art. Authors are invited to share their research work with a focus on how it contributes to shape a collective understanding of the past, awareness of the present, and vision of the future in our multiple disciplines.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	sigradi2003_070
id	sigradi2003_070
authors	Angulo, Antonieta H. and Vásquez de Velasco, Guillermo P.
year	2003
title	El Uso de Scaners y Ploteadores Tridimensionales en Talleres de Diseño Iniciales (The Use of Three-dimensional Scanners and Plotters in Early Design Studios)
source	SIGraDi 2003 - [Proceedings of the 7th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Rosario Argentina 5-7 november 2003
summary	The paper makes reference to the introduction of a new pedagogical strategy in the teaching of fundamental design in early design studios. The authors recognizes a relationship between the creative process and the media that supports the design process, and proposes the use of 3-dimensional scanners and plotters (rapid prototyping) for interfacing between the use of digital and analogue media. The paper suggests that in such learning environment the students will learn to design without the limitations that analogue or digital media will individually impose in the creative process. The paper ends with an outline for a relevant design exercise.
keywords	Conceptual design, 3-d scanners, 3-d plotters
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	sigradi2013_212
id	sigradi2013_212
authors	Angulo, Antonieta; Guillermo Vásquez de Velasco
year	2013
title	Immersive Simulation of Architectural Spatial Experiences
source	SIGraDi 2013 [Proceedings of the 17th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-956-7051-86-1] Chile - Valparaíso 20 - 22 November 2013, pp. 495 - 499
summary	The paper describes our research efforts seeking to assess the potential use of immersive simulation through virtual reality (VR) environments as a tool for aiding the design of architectural spatial experiences. By making use of a fully implemented HMD-based VR Environment in our school at Ball State University we conducted a controlled experiment with novice design students. After the evaluation of results of the experiment we have found evidence of the positive impact of the use of the system in design education. We will further investigate on the best practices to incorporate its pervasive use based on high-impact simplified methods.
keywords	Spatial experience; Immersive simulation; Head mounted display; Virtual reality; Design education
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	sigradi2009_709
id	sigradi2009_709
authors	Angulo, Antonieta; John Fillwalk; Guillermo Vásquez de Velasco
year	2009
title	Collaborating in a Virtual Architectural Environment: The Las Americas Virtual Design Studio (LAVDS) populates Second Life
source	SIGraDi 2009 - Proceedings of the 13th Congress of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics, Sao Paulo, Brazil, November 16-18, 2009
summary	The paper describes exploratory work in the design, construction, and habitation of a virtual structure (VS) nested within an Internet-based multi-user environment and serving a geographically distributed collective of architecture students and faculty. In addition to a discourse on the design and implementation parameters that were used, the paper seeks to provide findings that make reference to the quality of teaching/learning experience of users and the effectiveness of the interaction among users while working on a common architectural design project. This experience will further contribute to the knowledge base that will be needed in the design of virtual architecture.
keywords	Virtual design studio; Second Life; Multi-user environment; Architectural design and learning
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	sigradi2015_10.74
id	sigradi2015_10.74
authors	Angulo, Antonieta; Velasco, Guillermo Vásquez de
year	2015
title	Virtual Sketching: Instructional Low Resolution Virtual Reality Simulations
source	SIGRADI 2015 [Proceedings of the 19th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - vol. 2 - ISBN: 978-85-8039-133-6] Florianópolis, SC, Brasil 23-27 November 2015, pp. 506-513.
summary	This research paper describes the implementation of virtual reality immersive simulation studios in academia, facilitated by the use of the “Virtual Sketching Method” (VSM). The VSM allows the basic expression of architectural forms and the perceptual experience of interior and exterior spaces. It fosters simulations based on render-less (low resolution) visualization in contrast to other simulation workflows based on render-more (high resolution) visualization techniques. It bridges between different types of media and supports iterative cycles of formulation, prototyping, and assessment. The paper reports on students’ learning outcomes and their qualitative correlation with the VSM usability and effectiveness in design learning.
keywords	Virtual Reality, Immersive Simulation, Spatial Design, Virtual Sketching, Design Instruction
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	sigradi2004_101
id	sigradi2004_101
authors	Guillermo Vásquez de Velasco de la Puente
year	2004
title	En la aplicación de pantallas interactivas de plasma en el taller de diseño [The Application of Interactive Plasma Screens in the Design Studio]
source	SIGraDi 2004 - [Proceedings of the 8th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Porte Alegre - Brasil 10-12 november 2004
summary	This paper elaborates on the use of electronic pin-ups in real-time local reviews making use of larger format interactive plasma screens. The paper briefly explains the technical aspects of an actual implementation in the College of Architecture at Texas A&M University. The main focus of the paper is placed on the use of a 61. interactive plasma screen in a graduate design studio during the second semester of 2003 and the benefits that such an implementation has reported. The narrative explains how the use of an interactive plasma screen for informal as well as formal reviews is not only saving printing resources but it is also having a very positive impact on how we conduct design reviews.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:53

_id	8155
authors	Vásquez de Velasco, Guillermo and Angulo, Antonieta
year	1994
title	CAAD-CAAI Integration by Means of High-Impact Small-Scale R&D Projects
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1994.127
source	The Virtual Studio [Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Education in Computer Aided Architectural Design / ISBN 0-9523687-0-6] Glasgow (Scotland) 7-10 September 1994, pp. 127-134
summary	Pointing towards the ultimate goal of instrumental integration between our instructional and professional environments, the paper deals with the articulation of small scale R&D projects that, due to their consistency with main-stream tendencies, can have considerable impact on allowing people, institutions and enterprises to perform a relevant role in our dynamics of "Continuing Professional Development" and "Practice-Based Learning". The paper presents the results of a European Union R&D Project that aims to empower small and medium size enterprises of the building sector with the knowledge needed for the development of multimedia programmes with pedagogical value. The paper is explicit on addressing not only the achievements but also the difficulties that the consortium of European partners had to face, and makes reference to a future spin-off project that follows the same tactical approach.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	2aaa
authors	Vásquez de Velasco, Guillermo and Hutchison, David
year	1999
title	Virtual Reality Meets Telematics: Design and Development of the Infinity Room
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1999.466
source	Architectural Computing from Turing to 2000 [eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-5-7] Liverpool (UK) 15-17 September 1999, pp. 466-472
summary	The paper presents the findings of three years of experimentation in the use of compressed videoconferencing in international virtual design studios. Based on these findings, the authors elaborate on the development of a new videoconferencing interface: "The Infinity Room". The Infinity Room is a design studio space containing a floor-to-ceiling rear projection screen wall that conceals a dark room equipped with 5 video cameras and 4 video projectors that reproduce, on one-to-one scale, the images captured in a similar installation at a remote location. Operationally, the video cameras feed a computer that eliminate image redundancies, codes all the sources into a single entity and sends it as a compressed video signal to a remote computer that decodes and decompresses the images for synchronized delivery through the video projectors. The tiling effect of 4 synchronized and fully interactive video images creates the illusion of an adjacent room. The paper describes the design parameters used in the development of the Infinity Room and elaborates on the technology that makes it feasible. Requirements and constraints on physical space, hardware, software, and networking are discussed. The paper ends with conclusions that highlight the technical feasibility of building a small-scale prototype.
keywords	Virtual Design Studio (VDS), Virtual Reality (VR), Telematics, Videoconferencing, Collaborative Design
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	0e00
authors	Vásquez de Velasco, Guillermo P.
year	1999
title	La Red Digital de Investigación ""Las Américas"": Una herramienta de colaboración (The Digital Research Network "Las Américas": A Tool for Collaboration)
source	III Congreso Iberoamericano de Grafico Digital [SIGRADI Conference Proceedings] Montevideo (Uruguay) September 29th - October 1st 1999, pp. 384-388
summary	In 1998, thanks to the support of the Program to Enhance Scholarly and Creative Activities of Texas A&M University, the author was able to establish a digital research network that promotes and coordinates collaborative research and development projects at inter-continental level. The original objective was to establish a network of 5 schools of Architecture. This objective was largely surpassed. At the time of editing this paper, the Las Américas Digital Research Network brings together 17 schools of Architecture (from Canada to Argentina). See http://taz.tamu.edu/~americas/ In this collaborative framework, we have been able to identify a number of research and development opportunities. This paper reports on some of the on-going initiatives of the network, namely: a) The Las Americas Virtual Design Studio, b) The Las Americas Virtual Gallery of Visual Arts, c) The Las Americas Research Journal "Archi-Forum" and, d) The Las Americas Curriculum Harmonization Initiative. In addition to a report on current activities, this paper aims to promote new initiatives and identify potential sources of research & development funding. The paper ends with conclusions and a call for widespread participation.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 10:02

_id	899b
authors	Alvarado, R.G., Abufarde, F.B., Moreno, P.R. and Bravo, M.P.
year	2002
title	Modelación de Actividades [Modeling of Activities]
source	SIGraDi 2002 - [Proceedings of the 6th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Caracas (Venezuela) 27-29 november 2002, pp. 151-154
summary	Despite increasing interest in the functionality and humanization of architecture, scarcely the occupation of buildings are studied and it lacks methods to represent activities in the spaces. By this reason, it proposes a system such integrates simulation of processes and virtual modeling software, to program the behavior of tri-dimensional characters based on the probabilistic evolution of events, testing this approach in the study of emergency services of hospitals. It describes the procedure developed and reflections about temporal representation, demonstrating that modeling of activities allows to suggest functional and spatial improvements.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	0a71
authors	Barros, Diana Rodríguez
year	2002
title	Sistemas hipermediales, efectos del tamaño de los nodos y del número de vínculos [Hyper medial Systems; Size effects of the nodes and number of bonds]
source	SIGraDi 2002 - [Proceedings of the 6th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Caracas (Venezuela) 27-29 november 2002, pp. 186-189
summary	A Hypermedia system is, morphologically speaking, an information structure which organizes a set of elements of alphanumeric and graphic nature as a web. This enables a multidimensional access from specific interests. One of the most widespread hypermedia applications is within the field of education. There should be validation criteria which contribute to systematize and direct design processes for didactic hypermedia. This work aims at becoming a contribution by analyzing the relations and effects produced by the number of links and node sizes on some basic didactic uses; particularly, within information search, learning and attitude towards hypermedia. From the results obtained, we propose guidelines for the design of didactic Web Sites and CD Rom.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	ddssup0204
id	ddssup0204
authors	Caratù, G., Concilio, G. and Monno, V.
year	2002
title	Structuring Lay Knowledge in a GI Perspective: Problems and Pitfall
source	Timmermans, Harry (Ed.), Sixth Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning - Part two: Urban Planning Proceedings Avegoor, the Netherlands), 2002
summary	The present contribution, starting from some considerations developed in environmental planning domain, discusses the representation of lay knowledge in a GIS environment. Two paths of exploration in dealing with representational problems are sketched. The first is concerned with the structuring of an acquired cognitive base and, the other is about the implementation of cognitive routines. In particular the structuring process of a lay cognitive base is discussed starting from recent developments in GIS technologies and information theories. Difficulties and pitfalls, which arouse during a case study related to an environmental planning experience being carried on for a national natural park, are presented. The experimentation work is discussed also in relation with a preliminary attempt of outputs validation carried out with people who, in a preliminary stage, were interviewed in order to acquire lay knowledge.
series	DDSS
last changed	2003/08/07 16:36

_id	0653
authors	Czerner, Jürgen and Gatermann, Harald
year	2002
title	Modeling and Rendering Virtual Architecture by Using Fisheye-Panorama-Based Images and Lightings in HDR-Quality
source	SIGraDi 2002 - [Proceedings of the 6th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Caracas (Venezuela) 27-29 november 2002, pp. 172-174
summary	We use digitally made spherical panoramas as background for vr visualisation in architectural sceneries instead of stitched photographs (fisheye-based or serical-mirror-based). For this reason we had the idea to develop the first fisheye-based digitalscanning panorama-camera together with the manufacturer Spheron. The ultimate step in reaching optimal quality not only as a background but also as a source of lighting the background-image is taken as a HDR-image. The high-dynamic-range-technology was developed by the Californian scientist Paul Devebec. High dynamic photographs contain a broader range of information between the very bright zones down to the very dark zones - a lot more than “normal” photographs (digital and analogue), which are named LDR (low dynamic range in comparison to HDR). Some software-products in the field of cad-visualisation in virtual and augmented reality already enable the use of HDR-images and open a new field of controlling daylight and artificial light simulations with photographed backgrounds instaed of synthetic ones. The combination of digitally produced (scanned) spericalimages together with the use of HDR open a wide range of new implementation in the field of architecture, especially in combining synthetic elements in existing buildings, e.g. new interior elements in an existing historical museum).
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:50

_id	a207
authors	Czerner, Jürgen and Gatermann, Harald
year	2002
title	Modeling and rendering virtual architecture by using fisheye-panorama-based images and lightings in HDR-quality
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2002.569
source	Connecting the Real and the Virtual - design e-ducation [20th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-0-8] Warsaw (Poland) 18-20 September 2002, pp. 569-571
summary	We use digitally made spherical panoramas as background for vr-visualisation in architectural sceneries instead of stitched photographs (fisheye-based or serical-mirrorbased). For this reason we had the idea to develop the first fisheye-based digital-scanning panorama-camera together with the manufacturer Spheron. The ultimate step in reaching optimal quality not only as a background but also as a source of lighting the background-image is taken as a HDR-image. The high-dynamic- range-technology was developed by the Californian scientist Paul Devebec. High dynamic photographs contain a broader range of information between the very bright zones down to the very dark zones - a lot more than “normal” photographs (digital and analogue), which are named LDR (low dynamic range in comparison to HDR). Some software-products in the field of cad-visualisation in virtual and augmented reality already enable the use of HDR-images and open a new field of controlling daylight and artificial light simulations with photographed backgrounds instaed of synthetic ones. The combination of digitally produced (scanned) sperical images together with the use of HDR open a wide range of new implementation in the field of architecture, especially in combining synthetic elements in existing buildings, e.g. new interior elements in an existing historical museum).
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	ddssar0229
id	ddssar0229
authors	De Vries, B., Jessurun, A.J. and J. Dijkstra, J.
year	2002
title	Conformance Checking by Capturing and Simulating Human Behaviour in the Built Environment
source	Timmermans, Harry (Ed.), Sixth Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning - Part one: Architecture Proceedings Avegoor, the Netherlands), 2002
summary	In order to model natural human behaviour, it is necessary to capture this behaviour. First, we will start out by modelling behaviour for specific situations, such as taking a seat in a theatre. To capture humanbehaviour, the following experiment is performed: Given a virtual environment, a sufficient number of subjects (real humans) are asked to execute a human task in this virtual environment (e.g. take a seat inthe theatre). Whenever the subject deviates from the shortest path, the system will ask for a clue why this is done. The hypothesis is that the combination of the motion paths and the clues for making/changing decisions will provide decision rules to make reliable predictions about human behaviour under the same conditions when using virtual persons. To test the hypothesis, we propose to use the university’s main conference and presentation hall as a test case. A 3D model and a motion pathgraph are constructed that enables a virtual person to find its way to a selected chair. The clues from the experiment are implemented as decision rules that determine a virtual person’s behaviour. Running thesimulation will result in the following data: Time per person to find a chair, Deviation from the shortest path, Distance covered per person to find a chair, Distribution of seated persons over time and Relocation of persons. To validate the test case, the process of people entering the hall and finding a chair is recorded on videotape. The walking behaviour of the people observed on the video is analysed and compared with the data from the simulation.
series	DDSS
last changed	2003/08/07 16:36

_id	sigradi2006_e028c
id	sigradi2006_e028c
authors	Griffith, Kenfield; Sass, Larry and Michaud, Dennis
year	2006
title	A strategy for complex-curved building design:Design structure with Bi-lateral contouring as integrally connected ribs
source	SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 465-469
summary	Shapes in designs created by architects such as Gehry Partners (Shelden, 2002), Foster and Partners, and Kohn Peterson and Fox rely on computational processes for rationalizing complex geometry for building construction. Rationalization is the reduction of a complete geometric shape into discrete components. Unfortunately, for many architects the rationalization is limited reducing solid models to surfaces or data on spread sheets for contractors to follow. Rationalized models produced by the firms listed above do not offer strategies for construction or digital fabrication. For the physical production of CAD description an alternative to the rationalized description is needed. This paper examines the coupling of digital rationalization and digital fabrication with physical mockups (Rich, 1989). Our aim is to explore complex relationships found in early and mid stage design phases when digital fabrication is used to produce design outcomes. Results of our investigation will aid architects and engineers in addressing the complications found in the translation of design models embedded with precision to constructible geometries. We present an algorithmically based approach to design rationalization that supports physical production as well as surface production of desktop models. Our approach is an alternative to conventional rapid prototyping that builds objects by assembly of laterally sliced contours from a solid model. We explored an improved product description for rapid manufacture as bilateral contouring for structure and panelling for strength (Kolarevic, 2003). Infrastructure typically found within aerospace, automotive, and shipbuilding industries, bilateral contouring is an organized matrix of horizontal and vertical interlocking ribs evenly distributed along a surface. These structures are monocoque and semi-monocoque assemblies composed of structural ribs and skinning attached by rivets and adhesives. Alternative, bi-lateral contouring discussed is an interlocking matrix of plywood strips having integral joinery for assembly. Unlike traditional methods of building representations through malleable materials for creating tangible objects (Friedman, 2002), this approach constructs with the implication for building life-size solutions. Three algorithms are presented as examples of rationalized design production with physical results. The first algorithm [Figure 1] deconstructs an initial 2D curved form into ribbed slices to be assembled through integral connections constructed as part of the rib solution. The second algorithm [Figure 2] deconstructs curved forms of greater complexity. The algorithm walks along the surface extracting surface information along horizontal and vertical axes saving surface information resulting in a ribbed structure of slight double curvature. The final algorithm [Figure 3] is expressed as plug-in software for Rhino that deconstructs a design to components for assembly as rib structures. The plug-in also translates geometries to a flatten position for 2D fabrication. The software demonstrates the full scope of the research exploration. Studies published by Dodgson argued that innovation technology (IvT) (Dodgson, Gann, Salter, 2004) helped in solving projects like the Guggenheim in Bilbao, the leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy, and the Millennium Bridge in London. Similarly, the method discussed in this paper will aid in solving physical production problems with complex building forms. References Bentley, P.J. (Ed.). Evolutionary Design by Computers. Morgan Kaufman Publishers Inc. San Francisco, CA, 1-73 Celani, G, (2004) “From simple to complex: using AutoCAD to build generative design systems” in: L. Caldas and J. Duarte (org.) Implementations issues in generative design systems. First Intl. Conference on Design Computing and Cognition, July 2004 Dodgson M, Gann D.M., Salter A, (2004), “Impact of Innovation Technology on Engineering Problem Solving: Lessons from High Profile Public Projects,” Industrial Dynamics, Innovation and Development, 2004 Dristas, (2004) “Design Operators.” Thesis. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 2004 Friedman, M, (2002), Gehry Talks: Architecture + Practice, Universe Publishing, New York, NY, 2002 Kolarevic, B, (2003), Architecture in the Digital Age: Design and Manufacturing, Spon Press, London, UK, 2003 Opas J, Bochnick H, Tuomi J, (1994), “Manufacturability Analysis as a Part of CAD/CAM Integration”, Intelligent Systems in Design and Manufacturing, 261-292 Rudolph S, Alber R, (2002), “An Evolutionary Approach to the Inverse Problem in Rule-Based Design Representations”, Artificial Intelligence in Design ’02, 329-350 Rich M, (1989), Digital Mockup, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Reston, VA, 1989 Schön, D., The Reflective Practitioner: How Professional Think in Action. Basic Books. 1983 Shelden, D, (2003), “Digital Surface Representation and the Constructability of Gehry’s Architecture.” Diss. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 2003 Smithers T, Conkie A, Doheny J, Logan B, Millington K, (1989), “Design as Intelligent Behaviour: An AI in Design Thesis Programme”, Artificial Intelligence in Design, 293-334 Smithers T, (2002), “Synthesis in Designing”, Artificial Intelligence in Design ’02, 3-24 Stiny, G, (1977), “Ice-ray: a note on the generation of Chinese lattice designs” Environmental and Planning B, volume 4, pp. 89-98
keywords	Digital fabrication; bilateral contouring; integral connection; complex-curve
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:52

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