CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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Hits 1 to 20 of 14607

_id ecaade2008_058
id ecaade2008_058
authors Niblock, Chantelle; Hanna, Raid
year 2008
title An Investigation of the Influence of Using the Computer on Cognitive Design Actions:
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2008.693
source Architecture in Computro [26th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-7-2] Antwerpen (Belgium) 17-20 September 2008, pp. 693-700
summary This paper documents a research pilot study; it is a comparative investigation between an expert designer and a novice designer. The study used protocol analysis to examine design cognitive actions whilst using 3D digital media during the conceptual stage of design. The empirical study found novice designers capable of managing a design process of complex objects due to the increase in their contribution of design strategies to the overall process. The possible reason for this may be due to using free-form modelling with accuracy aids found in computing facilities. This provides evidence to suggest automated computing should be encouraged within the pedagogical framework of architectural design.
keywords Protocol Analysis, Design cognition, Complexity Management, Design Process
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:58

_id acadia12_79
id acadia12_79
authors Nicholas, Paul ; Tamke, Martin ; Thomsen, Matte Ramsgard ; Jungjohann, Hauke ; Markov, Ivan
year 2012
title Graded Territories: Towards the Design, Specification and Simulation of Materially Graded Bending Active Structures"
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2012.079
source ACADIA 12: Synthetic Digital Ecologies [Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-1-62407-267-3] San Francisco 18-21 October, 2012), pp. 79-86
summary The ability to make materials with bespoke behavior affords new perspectives on incorporating material properties within the design process not available through natural materials. This paper reports the design and assembly of two bending-active, fibre-reinforced composite structures. Within these structures, the property of bending is activated and varied through bespoke material means so as to match a desired form. Within the architectural design process, formal control depends upon design approaches for material specification and simulation that consider behavior at the level of the material element as well as the structure. We describe an evolving approach to material specification and simulation, and highlight the digital and material considerations that frame the process.
keywords graded materials , composite materials , bending-active structures , material properties , material behaviour , simulation , material specification , performance-based design
series ACADIA
type normal paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:58

_id ecaade2021_178
id ecaade2021_178
authors Nicholas, Paul, Chiujdea, Ruxandra Stefania, Sonne, Konrad and Scaffidi, Antonio
year 2021
title Design and Fabrication Methodologies for Repurposing End of Life Metal via Robotic Incremental Sheet Metal Forming
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2021.2.171
source Stojakovic, V and Tepavcevic, B (eds.), Towards a new, configurable architecture - Proceedings of the 39th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia, 8-10 September 2021, pp. 171-180
summary This paper investigates an integrative approach to robotic incremental sheet metal forming (RISF), which connects the registration of variable material properties and geometries to the re-forming of pre-made components beyond their initial formulations. Re-using rather than recycling metals can save the significant energy costs that come with having to melt, purify and re-manufacture products, as well as saving the costs of the new object it replaces. In this paper, we describe a workflow that connects 3d scanning, design automation and fabrication. The method goes beyond state of the art for RISF by challenging the assumption of starting from a flat unused sheet of metal, opening up the potential of RISF for material reuse. Our approach is demonstrated through the fabrication of a series of bench seating elements from oil drum geometries, however is generalisable to other input materials and output geometries. 3d scanning is used to register varying geometric features such as rolled beads, irregularities such as dents and holes, and material properties such as corrosion.
keywords robotic fabrication; re-use; upcycling; incremental sheet metal forming
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:58

_id ecaade2007_093
id ecaade2007_093
authors Nicholas, Paul; Bahoric, John; Ormston, Garry; Bowtell, Peter; Burry, Mark
year 2007
title No Place for Drones
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.117
source Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 117-123
summary Building design is a process often divorced from considerations about construction. Digital design methods are increasingly challenging the historic relationship between architecture and its means of production, but this extended reach is not necessarily accompanied by extended understanding or leverage of the production process. We present an urban sculptural project, The Travellers, in which digital techniques resolved critical issues of design, documentation and fabrication, but more importantly facilitated highly beneficial processes of negotiation. We suggest that this case based research has implications for future interactions between designers, makers and managers, shedding additional light onto issues of negotiation, responsibility, risk and trust that are often critical to the pragmatic undertaking of making.
keywords Design integration, digital design, fabrication, negotiation
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:58

_id acadia23_v2_166
id acadia23_v2_166
authors Nicholas, Paul; Lharchi, Ayoub; Tamke, Martin; Valipour Goudarzi, Hasti; Eppinger, Carl; Sonne, Konrad; Rossi, Gabriella; Ramsgaard Thomsen, Mette
year 2023
title Biopolymer Composites in Circular Design: Malleable Materials for an Instable Architecture
source ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 2: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference for the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9891764-0-3]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 166-173.
summary This paper examines temporality within material and architectural cascades. It takes point of departure in the perception of bio-based materials as abundant within the emerging framework of bio-based circular design, and the need for materials that can incorporate flexibility to local availability, ecological implications, and cost. In this paper we introduce a specific biopolymer composite composed of interchangeable constituent materials from agricultural waste streams, and describe the malleability of this material through the processes of material composition and robotic fabrication, and the re-activation of its thermoplastic properties. We examine the design opportunities this opens for cascading, and how processes of repair, refitting, and recycling of a malleable material create ongoing instabilities of the object that can be conceptually and practically exploited at both architectural and material levels. We identify and describe these opportunities within the context of ‘Radicant’, a 3D printed wall paneling system made from the bio-polymer composite. We also present a series of experiments that exemplify how the strategic localized reactivation of the printed material can ideate new architectural strategies of repairing, refurbishing, and recycling.
series ACADIA
type paper
email
last changed 2024/12/20 09:12

_id caadria2007_249
id caadria2007_249
authors Nicholas, Paul; Mark Burry
year 2007
title Import As: Interpretation and Precision Tools
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2007.x.g6n
source CAADRIA 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Nanjing (China) 19-21 April 2007
summary This paper presents research on the relationship between digital tools and design communication, focussing on the interaction between architectural and lighting design. Early design integration often involves negotiating between different levels of resolution to inform a design that is still in formation, and part of the challenge is doing so in a manner appropriate to that phase of exploration. This paper describes some of the technical and social issues of translation and reports a project in which a generative design process supported the interaction between architectural design and lighting analysis; domains in which geometry is not necessarily a common ground.
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id acadia14_497
id acadia14_497
authors Nicholas, Paul; Stasiuk, David; Schork, Tim
year 2014
title The Social Weavers: Negotiating a continuum of agency
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.497
source ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9781926724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp. 497-506
summary This paper introduces the notion that top-down and bottom-up design processes should be considered as a continuum, and describes the development of a spring-based simulation modelling system that operates as a means to navigate this continuum in the production of complex, open-ended design spaces. A built case study project demonstrates the underlying modeling concepts and methodology.
keywords Simulation + Intuition, Material Agency, Generative Design, Feedback-driven Design, Dynamic Material Specification, Composites, Active-Bending
series ACADIA
type Normal Paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:58

_id ecaade2012_93
id ecaade2012_93
authors Nicholas, Paul; Tamke, Martin
year 2012
title Composite Territories: Engaging a Bespoke Material Practice in Digitally Designed Materials
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2012.2.691
source Achten, Henri; Pavlicek, Jiri; Hulin, Jaroslav; Matejovska, Dana (eds.), Digital Physicality - Proceedings of the 30th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2 / ISBN 978-9-4912070-3-7, Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Architecture (Czech Republic) 12-14 September 2012, pp. 691-699
summary Today, material performance is regarded as one of the richest sources of innovation. Accordingly, architecture is shifting to practices by which the computational generation of form is directly driven by material characteristics. At the same time, there is a growing technological means for the varied composition of material, an extension of the digital chain that foregrounds a new need to engage materials at multiple scales within the design process. Recognising that the process of making materials affords perspectives not available with found materials, this paper reports the design and assembly of the fi bre reinforced composite structure Composite Territories, in which the property of bending is activated and varied so as to match solely through material means a desired form. This case study demonstrates how one might extend the geometric model so that it is able to engage and reconcile physical parameters that occur at different scales.
wos WOS:000330320600074
keywords Composites; Material properties; Multi-scale
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:58

_id acadia14_63
id acadia14_63
authors Nicholas, Paul; Tamke, Martin; Riiber, Jacob
year 2014
title The Agency of Event: Event based simulation for architectural design
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.063
source ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9781926724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp. 63-74
summary This paper explores the notion of agency within event-based models. We present an event-based modeling approach that links interdependent generative, analytic and decision making sub-models within a system of exchange. Two case study projects demonstrate the underlying modeling concepts and methodology.
keywords Material Agency, Generative Design, Dynamic Material Specification, Composites, Generative Parametric and Evolutionary Design, Discreet Event based systems
series ACADIA
type Normal Paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:58

_id aa6d
authors Nichols, Foster Jr., Canete, Isabel J. and Tuladhar, Sagun
year 1992
title Designing for Pedestrians : A CAD-Network Analysis Approach
source New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1992. pp. 379-398 : ill. includes a short bibliography
summary Microcomputer techniques have been developed that combine CAD drawings with transportation network analysis software that uses spreadsheets and stand-alone programs activated from the DOS operating system. The CAD feature simplifies and improves the methods used to design pedestrian circulation facilities and evaluate the impact of new development on existing pedestrian flows. Through the use of customized software, the need for manual data entry is reduced, and the graphical display of analysis results in most intermediate steps in the process are automated. Three hypothetical case studies are presented, concentrating on proposed pedestrian circulation improvements at Penn Station, New York
keywords evaluation, networks, management, CAD, analysis, applications, planning, transportation, prediction, simulation, CAD
series CADline
last changed 2003/06/02 13:58

_id e716
authors Nickerson, S., Thrale, B. and Whiting, D.
year 1995
title Automating the Drafting for As-Found Recording and Facility Management Surveys
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1995.315
source Computing in Design - Enabling, Capturing and Sharing Ideas [ACADIA Conference Proceedings / ISBN 1-880250-04-7] University of Washington (Seattle, Washington / USA) October 19-22, 1995, pp. 315-332
summary Much of the time of a facility planner, restoration architect or heritage recorder is spent, on site analysing thebuilding and collecting data and measurements. These will be used later to create the reports and drawings that will provide the basis for the subsequent design but these notes and measurements are just the beginning of the long process of drafting the as-found situation. Errors are inevitable in this type of work but, typically they only come to light, back in the office where confirming a measurement may entail an extra trip to the site, and there are times that they only turn up when a contractor encounters problems on the job A software tool, currently under development, addresses this problem by first helping to structure the note taking process so that more consistent data is collected, and then, automatically creating a 2D or 3D CAD model from the resulting database. This can be done on a laptop computer, before the recording team leaves the site so that the model can be compared with reality and faulty or missing measurements corrected. Furthermore, this combination of database and drawing is linked, allowing queries of the data from inside Autocad or the assembly of a specialized model based on a database query. Point collection techniques supported include traditional and not so traditional) hand measurement, total station surveying equipment and interfaces with other software such as rectification and photogrammetric packages. The applications envisioned include as found recording, facilities management data collection and the possibility of a totally data-driven GIS
series ACADIA
last changed 2022/06/07 07:58

_id ecaade2013_164
id ecaade2013_164
authors Nicknam, Mahsa; Bernal, Marcelo and Haymaker, John
year 2013
title A Case Study in Teaching Construction of Building Design Spaces
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2013.2.595
source Stouffs, Rudi and Sariyildiz, Sevil (eds.), Computation and Performance – Proceedings of the 31st eCAADe Conference – Volume 2, Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, 18-20 September 2013, pp. 595-604
summary Until recently, design teams were constrained by tools and schedule to only be able to generate a few alternatives, and analyze these from just a few perspectives. The rapid emergence of performance-based design, analysis, and optimization tools gives design teams the ability to construct and analyze far larger design spaces more quickly. This creates new opportunities and challenges in the ways we teach and design. Students and professionals now need to learn to formulate and execute design spaces in efficient and effective ways. This paper describes curriculum that was taught in a course “8803 Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization” taught by the authors at Schools of Architecture and Building Construction at Georgia Tech in spring 2013. We approach design as a multidisciplinary design space formulation and search process that seeks maximum value. To explore design spaces, student designers need to execute several iterative processes of problem formulation, generate alternative, analyze them, visualize trade space, and address decision-making. The paper first describes students design space exploration experiences, and concludes with our observations of the current challenges and opportunities.
wos WOS:000340643600061
keywords Design space exploration; teaching; multidisciplinary; optimization; analysis.
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:58

_id cdrf2022_65
id cdrf2022_65
authors Nicolas Stephan, Marine Lemarié, and Kristina Schinegger
title Common Ground—Online Platforms for Bottom-Up Collaborative Decision Making in Design Education
doi https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8637-6_6
source Proceedings of the 2022 DigitalFUTURES The 4st International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2022)
summary Co-creation and real-time collaboration have always been an integral potential of digital design methodologies and have been accelerated by the rapid digitalization of teaching due to current societal developments. This paper discusses the prototype of a real-time multiplayer building platform as a video game developed for a first-year design studio impacted by pandemic-related teaching restrictions. The aim was to develop a methodology that enables first-year students to meet peers, build models collaboratively, and teach implicit design knowledge such as aesthetics and formal analysis while allowing individual creativity within the populous class. Through a combination of a step-by-step iterative design system and a real-time decentralized multi-player platform, students can work collaboratively on common digital designs. The design method is based upon building units and individualized strategies of aggregation and differentiation that are built up into larger structures. Special focus is paid to how new online platforms created for architecture education can migrate the advantages of physical intuitive design methods to a digital setting and eventually fill the gap of lacking implicit knowledge pedagogies.
email
last changed 2024/05/29 14:02

_id caadria2024_002
id caadria2024_002
authors Nicole Gardner, Christiane M. Herr, Likai Wang, Hirano Toshiki, Sumbul Ahmad Khan (eds.)
year 2024
title CAADRIA 2024: Accelerated Design - Volume 3
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2024.3.001
source Nicole Gardner, Christiane M. Herr, Likai Wang, Hirano Toshiki, Sumbul Ahmad Khan (eds.), ACCELERATED DESIGN - Proceedings of the 29th CAADRIA Conference, Singapore, 20-26 April 2024, Voume 3, 558 p.
summary Can and should design be accelerated? To what extent and to what end? Or perhaps, design must decelerate instead? Accelerated Design is an urgent call for a critical reflection of and creative action by architecture during this challenging time of accelerating climate crisis, unrestricted data surveillances, generative AI copyright infringements, global geopolitical conflicts, hyperconcentration of digital power, post-pandemic mental health deterioration, and widespread disinformation attacks. CAADRIA2024 seeks contributions in addressing the conference theme by discussing and debating the role of design and designers in the midst of accelerated changes brought about by and on technology, economy, environment, and governance, to construct new ways of thinking, teaching, researching and practising architecture in the age of artificial intelligence and climate change. The 29th Annual Conference for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA) brings together academics, researchers, and practitioners to contribute to the fields of computational design methods, instruments, and processes towards an inclusive future for humans and non-humans. Contributions focusing on the Asia / Pacific context are particularly encouraged.
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2024/11/17 22:05

_id caadria2024_000
id caadria2024_000
authors Nicole Gardner, Christiane M. Herr,
year 2024
title CAADRIA 2024: Accelerated Design - Volume 1
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2024.1.001
source Nicole Gardner, Christiane M. Herr, Likai Wang, Hirano Toshiki, Sumbul Ahmad Khan (eds.), ACCELERATED DESIGN - Proceedings of the 29th CAADRIA Conference, Singapore, 20-26 April 2024, Volume 1, 554 p.
summary Can and should design be accelerated? To what extent and to what end? Or perhaps, design must decelerate instead? Accelerated Design is an urgent call for a critical reflection of and creative action by architecture during this challenging time of accelerating climate crisis, unrestricted data surveillances, generative AI copyright infringements, global geopolitical conflicts, hyperconcentration of digital power, post-pandemic mental health deterioration, and widespread disinformation attacks. CAADRIA2024 seeks contributions in addressing the conference theme by discussing and debating the role of design and designers in the midst of accelerated changes brought about by and on technology, economy, environment, and governance, to construct new ways of thinking, teaching, researching and practising architecture in the age of artificial intelligence and climate change. The 29th Annual Conference for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA) brings together academics, researchers, and practitioners to contribute to the fields of computational design methods, instruments, and processes towards an inclusive future for humans and non-humans. Contributions focusing on the Asia / Pacific context are particularly encouraged.
series Likai Wang, Hirano Toshiki, Sumbul Ahmad Khan (eds.)
email
last changed 2024/11/17 22:05

_id caadria2024_001
id caadria2024_001
authors Nicole Gardner, Christiane M. Herr,
year 2024
title CAADRIA 2024: Accelerated Design - Volume 2
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2024.2.001
source Nicole Gardner, Christiane M. Herr, Likai Wang, Hirano Toshiki, Sumbul Ahmad Khan (eds.), ACCELERATED DESIGN - Proceedings of the 29th CAADRIA Conference, Singapore, 20-26 April 2024, Voume 2, 524 p.
summary Can and should design be accelerated? To what extent and to what end? Or perhaps, design must decelerate instead? Accelerated Design is an urgent call for a critical reflection of and creative action by architecture during this challenging time of accelerating climate crisis, unrestricted data surveillances, generative AI copyright infringements, global geopolitical conflicts, hyperconcentration of digital power, post-pandemic mental health deterioration, and widespread disinformation attacks. CAADRIA2024 seeks contributions in addressing the conference theme by discussing and debating the role of design and designers in the midst of accelerated changes brought about by and on technology, economy, environment, and governance, to construct new ways of thinking, teaching, researching and practising architecture in the age of artificial intelligence and climate change. The 29th Annual Conference for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA) brings together academics, researchers, and practitioners to contribute to the fields of computational design methods, instruments, and processes towards an inclusive future for humans and non-humans. Contributions focusing on the Asia / Pacific context are particularly encouraged.
series Likai Wang, Hirano Toshiki, Sumbul Ahmad Khan (eds.)
email
last changed 2024/11/17 22:05

_id ecaade2017_ws-cooptimise
id ecaade2017_ws-cooptimise
authors Nielsen, Kristjan and Khademi, Mariam
year 2017
title CoOptimise - Exploring human and machine's cooperation in optimisation and design
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2017.1.049
source Fioravanti, A, Cursi, S, Elahmar, S, Gargaro, S, Loffreda, G, Novembri, G, Trento, A (eds.), ShoCK! - Sharing Computational Knowledge! - Proceedings of the 35th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy, 20-22 September 2017, pp. 49-50
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:58

_id ecaade2013_106
id ecaade2013_106
authors Nielsen, Stig Anton
year 2013
title Physical Form Finding by Embedded Sensors
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2013.1.413
source Stouffs, Rudi and Sariyildiz, Sevil (eds.), Computation and Performance – Proceedings of the 31st eCAADe Conference – Volume 1, Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, 18-20 September 2013, pp. 413-421
summary The paper concerns the potential of sensors as architectural design tools in different spatial and temporal scales. In particular, the focus is on how sensors are able to operate in a constantly changing environment, and how sensors might nurture an intuition of otherwise non perceivable aspects of performance within architecture.The study discus two set-ups. Firstly; an onsite sensor reading of changing performance between a refurbished and a classic Arabic house; the study is in large spatial and temporal scale. Secondly; a model design setup where the performance of the same Arabic house typology is tested in small spatial and small temporal scale. The study shows how large scale architecture can be investigated through the use of sensor chaining and how simple sensors can be implemented in a design task in order to give insight to certain aspects of performance. The paper concludes with a discussion on a more general sensor strategy for changing environments and design setups.
wos WOS:000340635300043
keywords Air flow; sensors; sensor chaining; tippu tip; form finding.
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:58

_id 0207
authors Nielson, Gregory M.
year 1986
title Rectangular V-Splines
source IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications. February, 1986. vol. 6: pp. 35-40 : ill. some col. includes bibliography
summary This article describes and presents examples of some techniques for the representation and interactive design of surfaces based on a parametric surface representation that uses v-spline curves. These v-spline curves, similar in mathematical structure to B-splines, were developed as a more computationally efficient alternative to splines in tension. Although splines in tension can be modified to allow tension to be applied at each control point, the procedure is computationally expensive. The v-spline curve, however, uses more computationally tractable piecewise cubic curves segments, resulting in curves that are just as smoothly joined as those of a standard cubic spine. After presenting a review of v-splines and some new properties, this article extends their application to a rectangular grid of control points. Three techniques and some application examples are presented
keywords parametrization, curved surfaces, representation, curves, B-splines
series CADline
last changed 2003/06/02 13:58

_id 2415
authors Nievergelt, J. and Preparata, Franco P.
year 1982
title Plane-Sweep Algorithms for Intersecting Geometric Figures
source Communications of the ACM. October, 1982. vol. 25: pp. 739-747 : ill. includes bibliography
summary Algorithms in computational geometry are of increasing importance in computer-aided design, for example, in the layout of integrated circuits. The efficient computation of the intersection of several superimposed figures is a basic problem. Plane figures defined by points connected by straight line segments are considered, for example, polygons (not necessarily simple) and maps (embedded planar graphs). The regions into which the plane is partitioned by these intersecting figures are to be processed in various ways such as listing the boundary of each region in cyclic order or sweeping the interior of each region. Let m be the total number of points of all the figures involved and s be the total number of intersections of all line segments. A two plane-sweep algorithm that solves the problems above is presented; in the general case (non convexity) in time O((n+s)log-n) and space O(n+s); when the regions of each given figure are convex, the same can be achieved in time O(n log n +s) and space O(n)
keywords computational geometry, algorithms, intersection, mapping, polygons, data structures, analysis
series CADline
last changed 2003/06/02 10:24

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