CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id 29b6
authors Oxman, Rivka
year 1990
title Architectural Knowledge Structures as "Design Shells": A Knowledge-Based View of Design and CAAD Education
source The Electronic Design Studio: Architectural Knowledge and Media in the Computer Era [CAAD Futures ‘89 Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-262-13254-0] Cambridge (Massachusetts / USA), 1989, pp. 187-199
summary The concept of a knowledge based design shell is proposed as a basis for teaching design. The significance of the concept of design shell is discussed with respect to formalization, implementation, application and operation. GPRS-a generative prototype refinement design shell-is proposed, defined and elaborated. A plan type is introduced as one significant kind of structure of knowledge in architectural design is introduced. A method for representing syntactic and the semantic content to be used in design refinement is proposed. The method exploits the characteristics of both rules and frames, and integrates them in a prototype-based design system. This is demonstrated in a system called PRODS. Finally, the significance of such an approach in teaching is discussed.
series CAAD Futures
email
last changed 2003/05/16 20:58

_id 750a
authors Oxman, Rivka
year 1995
title Design Case Bases: Graphic Knowledge Bases for the Design Workspace
source Sixth International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Futures [ISBN 9971-62-423-0] Singapore, 24-26 September 1995, pp. 555-565
summary Cases in the domain of architecture and engineering are commonly stored and presented as graphical representations in the form of drawings. The way creative designers fit and adapt graphical representations through drawing and re-drawing is still one of the least understood phenomena in design. Modeling stich processes appears to be a key to graphic knowledge base integration in CAAD environments. The paper reports on a new approach to modeling design adaptation in a graphical environment. This approach is based upon a theory of creativity, the Representation - Re-representation Hypothesis which is here employed in the formalization of design adaptation. A 'multi-layer re-representational model' which assists in the adaptation of design drawings is developed and presented. The model is based on the transformation of chunks of knowledge in design cases into explicit re-representational structures which can support creative design in a graphic environment. This model is utilized in our current work in development of a prototype graphical case-based CAAD system.
keywords Adaptation, Case-based CAAD, Case-based Design, Creativity, Graphical Case-Bases, Representation, Re-Representation.
series CAAD Futures
email
last changed 2003/05/16 20:58

_id a457
authors Oxman, Rivka
year 1997
title Behind the Image: Representing Design Concepts
source Challenges of the Future [15th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-3-0] Vienna (Austria) 17-20 September 1997
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1997.x.v9r
summary In this paper we report on research in which the Internet is considered an environment for the storage and retrieval of design knowledge. The nature of the net as a medium for the representation, storage and accessing of design knowledge is reviewed and the attributes of the medium are analyzed. We elaborate on the appropriateness of certain attributes of the technology as providing means for representing not only the physical representations of design, but also their conceptual content. Furthermore the research demonstrates that the embedding of design conceptual content in web-based representations provides a powerful advantage for strengthening and expediting the processes of search and retrieval in design knowledge bases.
keywords Design Concepts
series eCAADe
email
more http://info.tuwien.ac.at/ecaade/proc/oxman/oxman.htm
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id 2aec
authors Oxman, Rivka
year 2000
title Design media for the cognitive designer
source Automation in Construction 9 (4) (2000) pp. 337-346
summary Work on media for design which are responsive to the cognitive processes of the human designer are introduced as a paradigm for research and development. Design media are intended to support the cognitive nature of design and, particularly, the exploitation of design knowledge in computational environments. Basic theoretical assumptions are presented which underlie the development of design media. A central assumption is that designers share common forms of design knowledge which can be formalized, represented, and employed in computational environments. Generic knowledge is proposed as one such seminal form of design knowledge. We then develop a cognitive model which relates to the internal mental representations, strategies and mechanisms of generic design. The paper emphasizes the theoretical foundations of design media. This theoretical discussion is then exemplified through case studies presenting current research for the support of visual cognition in design. We introduce an approach to design schema as a visual form of generic design knowledge. Secondly we present a conceptual framework for the support of schema emergence in visual reasoning in design media. Finally, some implications of schema emergence in design collaboration are presented and discussed.
series journal paper
more http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed 2003/05/15 21:23

_id caadria2003_a6-3
id caadria2003_a6-3
authors Oxman, Rivka
year 2003
title Cognitive Strategies for E-Teaching and Elearning In A Virtual University for Design
source CAADRIA 2003 [Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 974-9584-13-9] Bangkok Thailand 18-20 October 2003, pp. 787-800
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2003.787
summary Cognitive strategies for e-teaching and e-learning in a Virtual University for Design are introduced and presented. Among these are the following: conceptual navigation, content reconstruction and precedent-based navigation. We discuss and present how these strategies support a unique exploratory mode based on associative learning in the WINDS project. We demonstrate how these strategies are implemented and employed by authors and learners in the ALE system, the authoring-learning-environment component, currently under development as integral part of the WINDS project.
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 08:00

_id sigradi2007_af51
id sigradi2007_af51
authors Oxman, Rivka
year 2007
title Digital Design – Integrating Content, Models and Skill [Diseño digital - Integrando contenidos, modelos y habilidades]
source SIGraDi 2007 - [Proceedings of the 11th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] México D.F. - México 23-25 October 2007, pp. 93-96
summary Digital design is currently emerging as a unique field of design endeavour, motivated by its own body of theoretical sources and unique methodologies. The paper introduces current changes in theory and methodology. Following this theoretical introduction, the paper presents an experimental framework for digital design. The novelty of this framework is the way it reflects the need to address both digital design content and digital design skill. A series of experimental designs carried out in an experimental design studio at the faculty of Architecture and T.P at the Technion presents and demonstrates this framework.
keywords Digital Design; Digital Architecture; Performance-based Design; Generative Design; Digital Design Studio
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:57

_id ijac20076101
id ijac20076101
authors Oxman, Rivka
year 2008
title Performance-based Design: Current Practices and Research Issues
source International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 6 - no. 1, pp. 1-17
summary In view of current developments in the theory and technology of digital design, potential novel directions for environments that support performance-based design are beginning to emerge. The field of performance-based design is defined through an analysis of current work in the field. Various models of performance-based architectural design are presented and discussed. On the basis of this analysis, key concepts and issues in the application of performance-based design in architecture are defined and certain research directions for the development of new approaches are presented. Finally we propose a new approach termed: Performative Design. Performative Design suggests that in creating simulation environments for performance-based architectural design both generative and evaluative capabilities can be integrated within performance-based simulations. The potential of performance-based simulation as a model of performance-based design is explored through a case study from an experimental digital design studio. Implication of this work on future research directions in the field is explicated.
series journal
last changed 2008/06/18 08:12

_id ecaade2007_198
id ecaade2007_198
authors Oxman, Rivka; Hammer, Roey; Ari, Shoham Ben
year 2007
title Performative Design in Architecture
source Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 227-234
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.227
summary In view of current developments in the theory and technology of digital design, certain potential for novel direction in virtual prototyping is beginning to emerge. In this paper an approach for the employment of virtual prototyping as a generative environment for performance-based design is proposed. The term combines both the concepts of performance and digital generation. In creating digital design environments for design the generative capabilities are incorporated within performance-based simulations. The potential of performance-based simulation as a digital design methodology in architectural design is explored. Experiments in digital architectural design illustrate this approach. Works in a framework of an ‘experimental digital design’ are presented and illustrated.
keywords Digital design, performance-based design, design generation
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 08:00

_id a6c8
authors Oxman, Robert
year 1992
title The Library of Babel: The Representation of Technological Knowledge in Electronic Libraries
source CAAD Instruction: The New Teaching of an Architect? [eCAADe Conference Proceedings] Barcelona (Spain) 12-14 November 1992, pp. 101-118
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1992.101
summary With the development of storage media such as the CD ROM, the availability and usage of very large data bases of information has dramatically opened new vistas for the creation of electronic libraries. From dictionaries and encyclopedias to historical treatises, the electronic packaging of large and cumbersome information sources has begun to demonstrate its utility and efficiency. Today the bridge to an unknown territory of electronic knowledge resources lies here at the boundary between the passive (though electronically accelerated) access to information through electronic books and the user interactive access to knowledge. This paper is about that boundary.
series eCAADe
last changed 2022/06/07 08:00

_id ddss9471
id ddss9471
authors Oxman, Robert
year 1994
title The Reflective Eye: Visual Reasoning in the Sketch
source Second Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture & Urban Planning (Vaals, the Netherlands), August 15-19, 1994
summary Despite recent advances in our understanding of design thinking, we still lack a comprehensive theoretical approach to cognitive processes in design and particularly to visual reasoning. Of scientific interest in its own right, understanding non-verbal reasoning is also relevant to a wide range of subjects in the area of visual data resources for designers. This paper presents research into visual reasoning through the study of cognitive acts and processes associated with design drawing. Employing case studies in the design sketch, a vocabulary is defined for describing phenomena of visual reasoning in design as they are revealed in the sketch. Classes of reasoning processes are proposed as strings of graphic acts of state transformation. A theoretical schema is developed which relates the individual act of visual reasoning manifested in the sketch, of sketch sequences, with larger global cognitive phenomena such as analogical or associative reasoning in design. Based upon this schema, a symbol system for these acts and processes is proposed as a coding technique in the observation, analysis and recording of non-verbal processes in design.
series DDSS
email
last changed 2003/08/07 16:36

_id c2dd
authors Oxman, Robert
year 1986
title Towards a New Pedagogy
source Journal of Architectural Education. Summer, 1986. vol. 39: pp. 22-28 : ill. includes some bibliographical notes
summary This paper proposes the potential of design studies as a vehicle for the transfer of what might be considered 'architectural knowledge' as compared to 'professional experience.' An analogy with language study is suggested as a means of conveying the distinction between the acquisition of general design knowledge - a knowledge base which is not domain specific - and its application in dealing with ad-hoc problems
keywords design, knowledge acquisition, education, architecture
series CADline
last changed 1999/02/12 15:09

_id acadia22_506
id acadia22_506
authors Ozarisoy, Bertug; Altan, Hasim
year 2022
title Passive Cooling Strategies for Thriving in a Changing Climate
source ACADIA 2022: Hybrids and Haecceities [Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9860805-8-1]. University of Pennsylvania Stuart Weitzman School of Design. 27-29 October 2022. edited by M. Akbarzadeh, D. Aviv, H. Jamelle, and R. Stuart-Smith. 506-523.
summary This paper investigates the thermal performance of 288 flats in three different nationally representative collective housing archetypes in the southeastern Mediterranean island of Cyprus, where the climate is subtropical (Csa) and partly semi-arid (Bsh), as designated in the Köppen climate classification system. The participants’ experiences and thermal sensation votes were assessed to predict individual aspects of adaptive thermal comfort, and the relevance thereof on overheating, and in situ measurements—including indoor air temperatures, thermal imaging survey, recorded building-fabric-element heat fluxes, on-site environmental conditions monitoring, and review of household energy bills to accurately determine actual energy use—were collected
series ACADIA
type paper
email
last changed 2024/02/06 14:04

_id 6225
authors Ozcan, Oguzhan
year 1992
title Specification of a Hypermedia System for the Topkapi Palace
source CAAD Instruction: The New Teaching of an Architect? [eCAADe Conference Proceedings] Barcelona (Spain) 12-14 November 1992, pp. 119-132
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1992.119
summary This paper summaries a doctoral investigation being carried out in the ABACUS group of the University of Strathclyde into the relevance of advanced multi-media technology to the explanation and investigation of the complex development of architecture which has historical and/or cultural significance.
series eCAADe
last changed 2022/06/07 08:00

_id 9ce0
authors Ozcan, Oguzhan
year 1999
title Education of Interactive Panorama-design in Architecture
source Architectural Computing from Turing to 2000 [eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-5-7] Liverpool (UK) 15-17 September 1999, pp. 223-229
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1999.223
summary This paper mainly discusses the importance of interactive panorama in design, and its education in the MDes program, which will run at Yildiz Technical University in the year 2000. The first part of the paper summarizes the potentials of current interactive panorama technique, which was "A popular form of the public entertainment" in 19th-century. Then, it compares the real-world experiences with observations in an interactive panorama. This comparison is carried out together with technical aspects i.e. limitations, audio-visual effects, composite techniques, live video input, and conceptual aspects i.e. camera actions, natural phenomenon. The technical discussion in the paper is concentrated on the examples from newly developed tools such as Nodemedia, Electrifier, Wasabi Software, and Skypaint as well as Apple QuickTime VR Authoring Tool. The second part underlines the role of interactive panorama technique in design. In this part, the paper also summarizes how to use the technique at the beginning and, during creation of the design and in its presentation, taking the installation advantages of sound, vision, text and transition effects. The third part concentrates on the interactive panorama design as an individual project, offered in the MDes program. Then it explains how the preliminary courses were planned for this individual project and summarizes the content of the course formulated through the linear and non-linear structures of the media. Finally, considering with the future development of interactive panorama technique, the last part of the paper discusses the possible results of this education method.
keywords Interactive Media, Panoramic Image, Design Education
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 08:00

_id 2ab7
authors Ozcan, Oguzhan
year 2001
title Integration of Architectural Education in Teaching Interactive Media Design - A Course for Space Composition
source Architectural Information Management [19th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-8-1] Helsinki (Finland) 29-31 August 2001, pp. 245-248
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2001.245
summary In accordance with our design knowledge, the users’ expectations and the level of the technology reached, show us that interactive media design is not only an interactive environment which depends on two dimensional typographic composition any more. Spatial data has an important role in the formation of interactive media design (TUFTE 1995 p.38). From this point of view, the main factors of this issue are: (1) design of the storyboards, especially for gamedesign, that are made up of spatial perception, (2) the spatial organisations in which info-kiosks take place in public environment, (3) the relation between the screen and the organisation of space in interactive exhibition design. // When we consider the matter above, we understand that throughout the process of the curriculum of interactive media design for undergraduate education, only the traditional communication design and programming education is not sufficient enough, but architectural education must also take a part of this education in some degree. In this paper, as the theme of the considerations above, it is examined what kind of basic problems is to be faced in the integration of architectural education to that of the interactive media design and also the solution propositions formed for these problems.
keywords Interactive Media, Architecture, Education, Design
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 08:00

_id cb99
authors Ozel, F. and McIntosh, P.
year 1997
title Introduction
source Automation in Construction 6 (4) (1997) pp. 263-264
summary this special issue of Automation in Construction publishes a revised subset of papers originally presented at the 1996 Annual conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) held october 31 to November 2, 1996, at the University of Ariona College of Architecture in Tucson, Arizona. The title of the conference, Design Computation: Collaboration, Reasoning, Pedagogy, provides a framework in which to explore current research in architectural computing. Design computation is the overall context and is intended to suggest a broader scope than a term such as computeraided design. Collaboration and reasoning reflect current major preoccupations in the area, while pedagogy is a persistent interest of many of the memers of ACADIA. The papers chosen for this special journal edition address these themes. Few of the papers reflect just one of these themes. Though each has its own particular, explicitly stated focus, most address more than one of the themes. As a group, the papers display a range of variations.
series journal paper
more http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed 2003/05/15 21:23

_id b570
authors Ozel, F.
year 1998
title Object oriented representation of design decisions
source Automation in Construction 8 (1) (1998) pp. 87-98
summary During the course of a design project numerous design decisions are made, usually with little attention paid to documenting them or keeping track of them. Systematic documentation and representation of design decisions can not only be invaluable in learning from past design experiences, but can also be good tools in teaching architectural design. By using abstraction and analogy to analyze a design precedent, a problem/sub-problem hierarchy can be built where similarities and differences between the precedent problem and the target problem, goals, constraints and solutions are identified for each level of the hierarchy. Each one of these can be represented as objects in an object oriented programming environment, allowing the construction of a hierarchic structure. This model was incorporated into a computer assisted learning system called `DesignRep' which was created by using Toolbook® (Asymetrix) object oriented development environment.
series journal paper
more http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed 2003/05/15 21:23

_id 59
authors Ozel, Filiz
year 1998
title Geometric Modeling intThe Simulation of Fire - Smoke Spread in Buildings
source II Seminario Iberoamericano de Grafico Digital [SIGRADI Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-97190-0-X] Mar del Plata (Argentina) 9-11 september 1998, pp. 438-445
summary Since the performance simulation of buildings, such as fire/smoke spread, energy loss/gain, acoustics, etc. greatly rely on building geometry, the way the physical environment is modeled can substantially effect the reliability of the predictions made by such simulations. Most computer models that simulate fire and smoke spread in buildings limit the computer representation of the building to simpler geometries and define rooms as rectangular spaces or as spaces with uniform crossections. Such a definition does not account for the variety of building elements that can exist in a building such as large overhangs, half height walls, etc. Existing simulations are typically developed as mathematical models and use the principles of thermodynamics to represent the spread of the elements of fire through space over a given time period. For example, in zone models each room is defined as a two tier space with heat and smoke exchange between lower and upper tiers as the fire progresses. On the other hand, field models divide the space into small contiguous units where thermodynamic state of each unit is calculated as the simulated fire progresses. Dynamic processes such as fire and smoke spread must recognize both intangible (i.e. voids) and tangible (i.e. solids such as walls, balconies, ceiling, etc.) architectural entities. This paper explores the potential of solid modeling techniques in generating geometric definitions for both solid and void architectural entities that can interact With mathematical models of fire/smoke spread in buildings. The implications of cellular spatial partitioning techniques for zone or field models of fire/smoke spread are investigated, and the methods of creating cellular decomposftion models for architectural spaces as well as for spatial boundaries such as walls are explored. The size of each cellular partition, i.e. the resolution of the partition, and the material and heat transfer attributes of each cell were found to be very critical in modeling the spread fire through voids as well as through solids in a building.
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:57

_id ee4b
id ee4b
authors Ozel, Filiz
year 1985
title Using CAD in Fire Safety Research
source ACADIA Workshop ‘85 [ACADIA Conference Proceedings] Tempe (Arizona / USA) 2-3 November 1985, pp. 142-154
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1985.142
summary While architecture offices are increasingly using CADD systems for drafting purposes, architectural schools are pursuing projects that use the CAD data base for new applications in the analysis and evaluation of buildings. This paper summarizes two studies done at the University of Michigan, Architecture Research laboratory, where the CAD system was used to develop a fire safety code evaluation program, and an emergency egress behavior simulation.

The former one takes the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Life safety Code 101 as a basis, and generates the code compliance requirements of a given project. The ether study accepts people as information processing beings and simulates their way finding behavior under emergency conditions. Both of these studies utilize the graphic characteristics of the CAD system, producing color displays on the CRT screen, and also outputting information in tabular form which refers to the display on the screen. Both of them also have plotting options.

series ACADIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 08:00

_id 46c7
id 46c7
authors Ozel, Filiz
year 1992
title Data Modeling Needs of Life Safety Code (LSC) Compliance Applications
source Mission - Method - Madness [ACADIA Conference Proceedings / ISBN 1-880250-01-2] 1992, pp. 177-185
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1992.177
summary One of the most complex code compliance issues originates from the conformance of designs to Life Safety Code (NFPA 101). The development of computer based code compliance checking programs attracted the attention of building researchers and practitioners alike. These studies represent a number of approaches ranging from CAD based procedural approaches to rule based, non graphic ones, but they do not address the interaction of the rule base of such systems with graphic data bases that define the geometry of architectural objects. Automatic extraction of the attributes and the configuration of building systems requires 11 architectural object - graphic entity" data models that allow access and retrieval of the necessary data for code compliance checking. This study aims to specifically focus on the development of such a data model through the use of AutoLISP feature of AutoCAD (Autodesk Inc.) graphic system. This data model is intended to interact with a Life Safety Code rule base created through Level5-Object (Focus Inc.) expert system.

Assuming the availability of a more general building data model, one must define life and fire safety features of a building before any automatic checking can be performed. Object oriented data structures are beginning to be applied to design objects, since they allow the type versatility demanded by design applications. As one generates a functional view of the main data model, the software user must provide domain specific information. A functional view is defined as the process of generating domain specific data structures from a more general purpose data model, such as defining egress routes from wall or room object data structure. Typically in the early design phase of a project, these are related to the emergency egress design features of a building. Certain decisions such as where to provide sprinkler protection or the location of protected egress ways must be made early in the process.

series ACADIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 08:00

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