CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id ddss9844
id ddss9844
authors Osaragi, Toshihiro and Kurisaki, Naoko
year 1998
title A Model of Land use Conversion and Its Application
source Timmermans, Harry (Ed.), Fourth Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning Maastricht, the Netherlands), ISBN 90-6814-081-7, July 26-29, 1998
summary A quantitative model for analyzing the spatial distribution of land use utility is proposed. This model is based on the random bidding theory in which location behavior is decided according to the size of utility to be obtained. The utility function used here consists of the benefit and the cost in the process of land use transition. The benefit is described as the positive utility that can be obtained by doing the corresponding land use at the place. The cost is described as the negative utility that is necessary forchanging the land use from one state to the others. The most likelihood method is generally employed to estimate the parameters of this kind of models. However, we attempt to propose the other statistical method through the mathematical consideration. Using this model, it is possible to obtain the spatial distribution of land use utility that differs with the places and with the land use states. We can also evaluate the effects of a change of land-price or construction costs on our utility. Namely, our locationbehavior can be estimated numerically relating with the social or economic factors. As numerical examples, we apply the proposed model to the actual land use data and access the effectiveness of the model.
series DDSS
last changed 2003/08/07 16:36

_id ecaade2017_049
id ecaade2017_049
authors Osorio, Filipa, Paio, Alexandra, Oliveira, Sancho, Casale, Andrea, Valenti, Graziano and Calvano, Michele
year 2017
title Foldable Responsive Surfaces - Two Design Studios with a Comprehensive Workflow
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2017.2.355
source Fioravanti, A, Cursi, S, Elahmar, S, Gargaro, S, Loffreda, G, Novembri, G, Trento, A (eds.), ShoCK! - Sharing Computational Knowledge! - Proceedings of the 35th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy, 20-22 September 2017, pp. 355-362
summary The adopted methodology was defined by a multidisciplinary team with a strong believe in the efficiency of learning-by-doing design studios which resulted in an experimental digital workflow to create responsive surfaces based on the geometry of Rigid Origami. The workflow comprehends all the matters related to the creation of such surfaces, from the conception and definition of the surface's design using Rigid Origami's geometry, passing through the virtual simulation of the movement, digital fabrication and material's choice, then the mechanics behind the movement, interaction programming, and the assembly of it all in real scale prototypes.
keywords Design Studio; Learning-by-doing; Rigid Origami Geometry; Responsive Surfaces; Parametric Design; Digital Fabrication
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 08:00

_id ecaade2017_232
id ecaade2017_232
authors Ostrowska-Wawryniuk, Karolina, Markusiewicz, Jacek and S³yk, Jan
year 2017
title Descriptive Geometry 2.0 - Define vs. design
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2017.2.425
source Fioravanti, A, Cursi, S, Elahmar, S, Gargaro, S, Loffreda, G, Novembri, G, Trento, A (eds.), ShoCK! - Sharing Computational Knowledge! - Proceedings of the 35th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy, 20-22 September 2017, pp. 425-430
summary The article presents the 'Digital Geometry Techniques' course taught at the second year of the undergraduate course at the Faculty of Architecture in the Warsaw University of Technology - WUT. The course introduces mathematical theory and generative modeling in order to prepare the students to consciously plan their creative process and to choose the set of tools according to an initial analysis of modeling constraints. The students gain knowledge on advanced CAAD techniques through learning functions of a particular program, and also by tackling geometry-related problems derived from real-world architectural projects. They are able to develop individual solutions using adequate techniques. We present three different students' semester works as examples to reflect on the significance of mathematics and algorithmization in the process of problem solving and form creation in architecture and urban design.
keywords project based learning; generative design; architectural curriculum; conceptual thinking; geometry; programming
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 08:00

_id ijac202119202
id ijac202119202
authors Ostrowska-Wawryniuk, Karolina
year 2021
title Prefabrication 4.0: BIM-aided design of sustainable DIY-oriented houses
source International Journal of Architectural Computing 2021, Vol. 19 - no. 2, 142–156
summary In the context of continuous housing shortage, increasing construction standards and rising labour costs, one of the possibilities to address this array of problems is prefabrication directed towards do-it-yourself (DIY) construction methods. This paper presents a prototype tool for aiding the design of DIY-oriented single-family houses with the use of small-element timber prefabrication. The introduced solution uses the potential of BIM technology for adapting a traditionally designed house to the prefabrication requirements and reduction of waste generated in the assembly process. The experimental tool was developed in the Autodesk Revit software. It incorporates custom Dynamo-for-Revit scripts. The experimental tool implemented the user- and technology-specified boundary conditions and converted an input BIM model into a prefabricated alternative. The tool was tested on the design of a two-story single-family house. The results compare the automated optimized panelization with manual approach. The simulation revealed the possibility of the construction waste reduction by at least 50% when comparing to the non-optimized panelization.
keywords DIY construction, prefabricated house, timber prefabrication, small-panel prefabrication, BIM-aided panelization, Building Information Modelling
series journal
email
last changed 2024/04/17 14:29

_id fc79
authors Ostwald, J.
year 1995
title Supporting Collaborative Design with Representations for Mutual Understanding
source ACM CHI
summary This paper describes a research effort to investigate cross-cultural collaboration in software development. The work is based on a model of collaborative design that calls for stakeholders (including developers and end-users) to iteratively construct an understanding of design problems and potential solutions through the construction and refinement of design representations. The Evolving Artifact (EVA) software design environment has been implemented to support this process. EVA has been used in a development project in a regional telephone company. A case study of this project will be analyzed to yield guidelines and design principles for constructing representations for mutual understanding.
series other
last changed 2003/04/23 15:50

_id caadria2011_047
id caadria2011_047
authors Ostwald, Michael J.; Josephine Vaughan and Stephan K. Chalup
year 2011
title Data flow and processing in the computational fractal analysis method
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2011.493
source Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / The University of Newcastle, Australia 27-29 April 2011, pp. 493-502
summary One of the few quantitative methods available for the consistent analysis of architectural form is the ‘box-counting’ approach to determining the approximate fractal dimension of a plan or elevation. In its computational form this method has been used to analyze the plans and facades of a wide range of buildings. The data points produced are synthesized by the software into a series of fractal dimension (D) values that are in turn compiled in various ways to produce a series of composite results describing a complete building. Once this process is complete the data may be coded with additional information producing a set of mathematical results that describe the form of a building. This paper offers the first complete description of this important analytical process from the point of view of information flow, algorithmic operations, review options and data magnitude. No previous paper has detailed the full scope of the data used in the computational method, or the way in which various stages produce different types of outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the way in which this particular computational method, drawing its inspiration from the complexity in natural systems, may be used to process different types of information and produce various forms of quantitative data to support architectural design and analysis.
keywords Fractal analysis; computational analysis
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 08:00

_id caadria2009_026
id caadria2009_026
authors Ostwald, Michael J.; Josephine Vaughan
year 2009
title Calculating Visual Complexity In Peter Eisenman’s Architecture
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2009.075
source Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / Yunlin (Taiwan) 22-25 April 2009, pp. 75-84
summary This paper describes the results of the first computational investigation of characteristic visual complexity in the architecture of Peter Eisenman. The research uses a variation of the “box-counting” approach to determining a quantitative value of the formal complexity present in five of Eisenman’s early domestic works (Houses I, II, III, IV and VI all of which were completed between 1968 and 1976). The boxcounting approach produces an approximate fractal dimension calculation for the visual complexity of an architectural elevation. This method has previously been used to analyse a range of historic and modern buildings including the works of Frank Lloyd Wright, Eileen Gray, Le Corbusier and Kazuyo Sejima. Peter Eisenman’s early house designs–important precursors to his later Deconstructivist works–are widely regarded as possessing a high degree of formal consistency and a reasonably high level of visual complexity. Through this analysis it is possible to quantify both the visual complexity and the degree of consistency present in this work for the first time.
keywords Computational analysis; fractal dimension; box-counting; Peter Eisenman
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 08:00

_id acadia08_256
id acadia08_256
authors Ostwald, Michael J.; Josephine Vaughan; Stephan Chalup
year 2008
title A Computational Analysis of Fractal Dimensions in the Architecture of Eileen Gray
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2008.256
source Silicon + Skin: Biological Processes and Computation, [Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) / ISBN 978-0-9789463-4-0] Minneapolis 16-19 October 2008, 256-263
summary This paper is the first investigation of the fractal dimensions of five of the house designs of Eileen Gray; a prominent architect working mainly in France between 1922 and 1956. In this paper, a computational variation of the “box-counting approach” (used to determine fractal dimension) is applied to a multi-dimensional review of the houses of Gray. As a contemporary of Le Corbusier, Gray is a significant architect for such an analysis. This research is important because it expands the set of examples of early Twentieth Century architects who have been analyzed using the method. This paper provides a computer-assisted mathematical analysis of characteristic visual complexity in five houses designs by Eileen Gray.
keywords Algorithm; Analysis; Computation; Design; Environment
series ACADIA
last changed 2022/06/07 08:00

_id acadia09_153
id acadia09_153
authors Ostwald, Michael J.; Tucker, Chris; Chalup, Stephan
year 2009
title Line Segmentation: A Computational Technique for Architectural Image Analysis
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2009.153
source ACADIA 09: reForm( ) - Building a Better Tomorrow [Proceedings of the 29th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-9842705-0-7] Chicago (Illinois) 22-25 October, 2009), pp. 153-158
summary Planar methods have typically dominated the computational analysis of architectural and urban space and form. In contrast, analytical methods that consider the formal, or visual, qualities of architectural façades, or images of buildings, are not only rare, but only a few have ever been repeated and adequately tested. The present paper outlines a new method—derived from the Hough Transform algorithm—for the dissolution of architectural images into segmented lines that can be counted and charted, and that can have their spatial orientation determined. This method for investigating the visual qualities of buildings is demonstrated in an analysis of a series of images of suburban houses. The proposed method, line segmentation, is potentially significant because it is a method not commonly used for the quantitative analysis of the formal and textural character of real buildings, it is repeatable, and it delivers consistent results if a simple procedure is followed.
keywords optical analysis, complexity, design assesment
series ACADIA
type Normal paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 08:00

_id ecaade2009_010
id ecaade2009_010
authors Ostwald, Michael; Vaughan, Josephine
year 2009
title A Data-Cluster Analysis of Façade Complexity in the Early House Designs of Peter Eisenman
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2009.729
source Computation: The New Realm of Architectural Design [27th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-8-9] Istanbul (Turkey) 16-19 September 2009, pp. 729-736
summary Relatively few quantifiable and objective methods exist for the analysis of architectural elevations. Only one of these methods has been repeated by multiple researchers and used for the analysis of a wide range of historic and modern buildings and architectural types. In the present paper, the computational variation of this method–the fractal approach to determining characteristic visual complexity–is applied to the early house designs of Peter Eisenman. The results of this analysis are then subjected, for the first time, to cluster analysis in an attempt to uncover patterns in the way in which Eisenman’s houses are shaped by orientation, address and permeability. Such an analysis is of interest because Eisenman argues that he set out to design these early houses without regard for such factors. The paper concludes that the mathematical data generally supports Eisenman’s contentions regarding his Houses I, II, III, IV and VI.
wos WOS:000334282200088
keywords Visual complexity, fractal analysis, data-clustering, Peter Eisenman
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 08:00

_id cf2017_229
id cf2017_229
authors Osório, Filipa; Paio, Alexandra; Oliveira, Sancho
year 2017
title Kinetic Origami Surfaces: From Simulation to Fabrication
source Gülen Çagdas, Mine Özkar, Leman F. Gül and Ethem Gürer (Eds.) Future Trajectories of Computation in Design [17th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2017, Proceedings / ISBN 978-975-561-482-3] Istanbul, Turkey, July 12-14, 2017, pp. 229-248.
summary On nowadays social, technological and economic context everything changes constantly so there is the persistent need to adapt at all levels. This research defends that Architecture should do the same through the use of kinetic and interactive buildings, or elements in a building. These elements should allow the building to adapt to changing needs and conditions. This article describes the current state of an ongoing research that proposes the use of kinetic Rigid Origami foldable surfaces to be used as roofs for spaces with big spans and the practical contribution that the Design Studio Surfaces INPLAY has brought to it.
keywords Origami Geometry, Parametric Design, Kinetic Architecture, Digital Fabrication, Design Studio
series CAAD Futures
email
last changed 2017/12/01 14:38

_id caadria2008_46_session5a_375
id caadria2008_46_session5a_375
authors Otani, Makoto and Tatsuya Kishimoto
year 2008
title Fluctuating patterns of architecture façade and their automatic CREAtion
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2008.375
source CAADRIA 2008 [Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Chiang Mai (Thailand) 9-12 April 2008, pp. 375-382
summary Today, buildings with monotonous façade fill the city. However, many buildings which the elements constituting their façade are changed were seen in work designed by architects. This paper aims at examining the potentiality of automated fluctuating design creation focused on architecture façades, by analysing the design trend of architectural fluctuating designs and creating a fluctuating façade automatically based on the analysis.
keywords Automatic creation; fluctuation; façade design
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 08:00

_id ascaad2007_032
id ascaad2007_032
authors Othman, A. and A. Al-Attili
year 2007
title Re-Placing Embodied Interaction: Palestinian Architects Virtual Community
source Em‘body’ing Virtual Architecture: The Third International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2007), 28-30 November 2007, Alexandria, Egypt, pp. 381-398
summary Our ongoing project Palestine Architects Platform (PAP) –and PAP VE is a project intended to re-bond Palestinian architects and facilitate communication between them in Virtual Environments “virtual land” using virtual means. We used it as an example to argue that its inherently embedded spatial metaphor could compensate for the physical disconnectedness, and allow interaction on many different levels. Our paper proposes an interactive archiving and networking location where discourse is not only stored but categorised, analysed, retrieved and used to start new topics, or can be used to improve new debates. The focus is on the social values of PAP network and its empowering nature. The design and the structure is not simply a system for online socialisation rather it is a result of thoroughly studying available networks and their principles. It is a result of deep analysis of reality behind this community. We finally propose a set of principles that can secure a real innovative and creative knowledge exchange.
series ASCAAD
email
last changed 2008/01/21 22:00

_id ascaad2023_080
id ascaad2023_080
authors Othman, Hanin; Azari, Rahman
year 2023
title Exploring Low-Cost Sensors for Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Monitoring: A Review of Stationary and Mobile Sensing Systems
source C+++: Computation, Culture, and Context – Proceedings of the 11th International Conference of the Arab Society for Computation in Architecture, Art and Design (ASCAAD), University of Petra, Amman, Jordan [Hybrid Conference] 7-9 November 2023, pp. 224-241.
summary Indoor air quality (IAQ) is considered a crucial aspect of building health and occupant well-being, especially as occupants spend 90 percent of their time indoors. Different factors impact the concentration of air pollutants and air quality in indoor spaces including inadequate ventilation, emissions from building materials and furnishings, and biological contaminants. Thus, indoor air quality (IAQ) needs to be carefully monitored and controlled as a building operation priority to maintain healthy indoor environments. The IAQ monitoring can be accomplished using stationary and mobile sensors, each of which option offers advantages and disadvantages. This project reviews recent studies employing stationary and mobile monitoring sensing systems to investigate and compare the characteristics of these monitoring sensing systems targeting air quality in interior architectural spaces. A thorough assessment of the characteristics of IAQ sensing systems was conducted, encompassing factors such types, availability, spatial and temporal monitoring coverage, accuracy, and precision in IAQ measuring, and detection potential for various pollutants. The results will provide building professionals with the needed insight to make informed decisions when planning for IAQ monitoring.
series ASCAAD
email
last changed 2024/02/13 14:40

_id acadia14_81
id acadia14_81
authors Otten, Claudia
year 2014
title Everyone is an Architect
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.081
source ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9781926724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp. 81-90
summary The power of computing combined with the user-friendly platform of gaming technology allows design to be infinite yet bespoke and accessible. Everyone can be an architect.
keywords Gaming and Social Design, User Participation in Design, Human-Computer Interaction, Ubiquitous and Mobile Computing, Virtual/Augmented Reality and Interactive Environments, Virtual Architecture and City Modeling
series ACADIA
type Normal Paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 08:00

_id d151
id d151
authors Otter, A. den
year 2001
title IMPROVEMENT OF THE DESIGN PROCESS BY INTEGRATED INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AND THE USE OF COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION
source Achten, H.H., de Vries, B. and Hennessey, J. (eds). Design Research in the Netherlands 2000, 31-41
series book
type normal paper
email
more http://www.designresearch.nl/PDF/DRN2000_denOtter.pdf
last changed 2005/10/12 15:33

_id acadia09_75
id acadia09_75
authors Ottevaere, Olivier; Hanna, Sean
year 2009
title Quasi-Projection: Aperiodic Concrete Formwork for Perceived Surface Complexity
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2009.075
source ACADIA 09: reForm( ) - Building a Better Tomorrow [Proceedings of the 29th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-9842705-0-7] Chicago (Illinois) 22-25 October, 2009), pp. 75-81
summary Aperiodic tiling patterns result in endlessly varied local configurations of a limited set of basic polygons, and as such may be used to economically produce non-repeating, complex forms from a minimal set of modular elements. Several well-known tilings, such as by Penrose (2D) and Danzer (3D), have been used in architecture, but these are only two examples of an infinite set of possible tilings that can be generated by the projection in two or three dimensions of high-dimensional grids subject to rotations. This paper proposes an interface that enables the user to parametrically search for such tilings. Assembly rules are explained by which arbitrary geometry as specified by NURBS surfaces may be based on the pattern to form a non-repeating complex surface. As an example, the fabrication in concrete of a cylindrical tiling is used to demonstrate the mass production of a continuous, free-flowing structure with the aid of a minimum amount of formwork.
keywords Quasicrystals, aperiodic tiling, strip projection method, assembly rules, tangential continuity, formwork, modularity
series ACADIA
type Normal paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 08:00

_id ascaad2023_093
id ascaad2023_093
authors Ou, Yiwei; Zhou, Xinren; Tu, Han; Yinan, Chen; Jia, Xibei
year 2023
title Evaluating Spatial Justice through the Analysis of the Relationship between House Prices and the Accessibility to Urban Infrastructures with a Big Data Approach: A Comparative Study of Beijing and Shanghai in China
source C+++: Computation, Culture, and Context – Proceedings of the 11th International Conference of the Arab Society for Computation in Architecture, Art and Design (ASCAAD), University of Petra, Amman, Jordan [Hybrid Conference] 7-9 November 2023, pp. 441-462.
summary The rapid development of cities has caused many problems of spatial injustice in urban communities. However, how to detect and measure such injustice has not been fully developed yet. With open-source urban big data and advanced data analysis methods, this study evaluates spatial justice in cities by analyzing the relationship between the house prices of communities and the accessibility to urban facilities. It investigates the accessibility to critical infrastructures mainly in five dimensions: public transportation, shopping, education, health care and recreation. The whole research is grounded by a comparative case study of the two biggest cities in China, Beijing and Shanghai. Integrating the big data of 5394 communities from these two cities, this study examines if the house prices of communities are highly related to the convenience of accessibility to urban infrastructures, which can inform if there is any spatial injustice in Chinese cities. Findings indicate that the situations of spatial justice in Beijing and Shanghai are pretty different. Residents in Beijing City have relevantly equal access to urban facilities, which has little connection with house prices, while citizens in Shanghai may experience a spatial injustice as people living in higher house-price communities have noticeably better accessibility to urban amenities. Such a distinct difference may come from the different urban planning policies in these two cities, as the former has a human-centred equality-minded approach to embody the political significance while the latter takes rapid economic development as its priority for urban planning.
series ASCAAD
email
last changed 2024/02/13 14:40

_id acadia09_122
id acadia09_122
authors Oxman, Neri
year 2009
title Material-Based Design Computation: Tiling Behavior
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2009.122
source ACADIA 09: reForm( ) - Building a Better Tomorrow [Proceedings of the 29th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-9842705-0-7] Chicago (Illinois) 22-25 October, 2009), pp. 122-129
summary From natural objects to man-made artifacts, tiling is all around us: it is the act of rationalizing highly complex form by breaking it up into smaller, continuous components. If well pursued, tiled objects can be easily designed and assembled. However, a geometric-centric view of tiling, whereby a predefined form determines the shape, size, and organization of tiles, has victimized the field of digital design. This paper questions the role of tiling as rationalizing method and offers an alternative theoretical framework and technical grounding for tiling behavior: the act of generation-through-tessellation informed by material behavior. The tools developed are implemented in the design of a 3D-printed chaise lounge, using multiple materials. The technical objective is to introduce a quantitative characterization and analysis of property mapping, as it is applied to a tiling algorithm using Voronoi cell tessellation. The network of tessellated Voronoi cells is used as an element in the Voronoi Finite Element Method (V-FEM) that the author developed. Various characterization functions and geometric parameters are generated, and V-FEM is executed for plane-strain analysis of doubly curved surfaces, from which global and local responses are evaluated.
keywords Tessellation, tiling, Voronoi, Algorithmic design
series ACADIA
type Normal paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 08:00

_id ecaade2007_086
id ecaade2007_086
authors Oxman, Neri
year 2007
title FAB Finding
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.785
source Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 785-792
summary The distinction between material behavior (mechanics) and material response (electronics) in the framework of responsive building skins has promoted unique design protocols for integrating sensor technologies into material components. Such a distinction results in the implementation of remote sensing devices post the process of material fabrication. Sensors are commonly perceived as electronic add-on patches which initiate mechanical output with response to electrical input. This work seeks to establish a novel approach to the integration of electronics in building skins which prioritizes material selection, behavior and fabrication given a required task, over post-production sensor application. The term “FAB Finding” is proposed to describe an instrumental methodology facilitating the coupling of CNC fabrication processes with material organization and behavior. It offers a design mentality which emphasizes the nature and the effects brought about by the use of specific fabrication processes which are by definition inherent in the design product and its behavior. A light-sensing inflatable skin system is developed as a working prototype demonstrating such an approach.
keywords Digital fabrication, material behavior, form-finding, sensors, responsive skin
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 08:00

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