Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	caadria2022_258
id	caadria2022_258
authors	Chen, Hao, Fukuda, Tomohiro and Yabuki, Nobuyoshi
year	2022
title	Developing an Augmented Reality System with Real-Time Reflection for Landscape Design Visualization, Using Real-Time Ray Tracing Technique
source	Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 89-98
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.1.089
summary	In landscape design, visualization of a new design on the site with clients can greatly improve communication efficiency and reduce communication costs. The use of augmented reality (AR) allows the projection of design models into the real environment, but the relationship between the models and the physical environment, such as reflections, which are often thoughtfully considered in waterfront landscape design, is difficult to express in existing AR systems. The aim of this study is to accurately render and express the reflections of virtual models in the physical environment in an AR system. Different from traditional rasterized rendering, this study used physically correct ray-tracing algorithms for reflection rendering calculations. Using a smartphone and a computer, we first constructed a basic AR system using a game engine and then performed ray-tracing computations using a shader kernel in the game engine. Finally, we combined the rendering results of reflections with the video stream from a smartphone camera to achieve the reflection effect of a virtual model in a physical environment. Both designers and clients could review the design with a realistic reflection on an actual water surface and discuss design decisions through this system.
keywords	Augmented reality (AR), reflection, landscape design, interactive visualization, real-time rendering, planar reflection, real-time ray tracing, SDG 11
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/07/22 07:34

_id	a607
authors	Durisch, Peter and Anderheggen, Edoardo
year	1991
title	Leaving the Planar Universe
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures: Education, Research, Applications [CAAD Futures ‘91 Conference Proceedings / ISBN 3-528-08821-4] Zürich (Switzerland), July 1991, pp. 521-534
summary	A computer program is presented which generates realistic images of planned buildings embedded in their future environment through photomontage. The planar universe of conventional photomontaging is extended to three dimensions. During an interactive preprocessing step, a three- dimensional model of the building's environment is created: Geometrical data is retrieved photogrammetrically from a number of site photographs. Atmospheric parameters and the relative weights of the components of natural daylight are also retrieved from the photographs. The final image, combining the artificial model of the building and the photographs of its surroundings, is rendered by an extended ray-tracing algorithm in three-dimensional object space.
series	CAAD Futures
last changed	1999/04/07 12:03

_id	e65f
authors	Haines, Eric A. and Greenberg, Donald P.
year	1986
title	The Light Buffer: A Shadow-Testing Accelerator
source	IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications. September, 1986. vol. 6: pp. 6-16 : col. ill. includes bibliography
summary	In one area of computer graphics, realistic image synthesis, the ultimate goal is to produce a picture indistinguishable from a photograph of a real environment. A particularly powerful technique for simulating light reflection - an important element in creating this realism - is called ray tracing. This method produces images of excellent quality, but suffers from lengthy computation time that limits its practical use. This article presents a new method to reduce shadow testing time during ray tracing. The technique involves generating light buffers, each of which partitions the environment with respect to an individual light source. These partition descriptions are then used during shadow testing to quickly determine a small subset of objects that may have to be tested for intersection. The results of timing tests illustrate the beneficial performance of these techniques. The tests compare the standard ray-tracing algorithm to light buffers of varying resolution
keywords	realism, synthesis, ray tracing, algorithms, computer graphics, shadowing
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	56af
authors	Nakamae, E., Takao, I., Nishita, T. and Takita, S.
year	1989
title	Compositing 3D Images with Antialiasing and Various Shading Effects
source	IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications 9 no. 2: 21-29
summary	A method is proposed for compositing 3-D images produced by different programs, taking depth order into consideration. The method can add the following effects to composited images: antialiased images with scaling are displayed by a simple algorithm; the algorithm can add shading effects due to various types of light, such as area sources and skylight; and ray tracing can be performed in localized regions, producing realistic results without the computational expense of ray tracing the whole image. In addition to the above processes, such shading effects as fog and texture mapping can be processed with conventional methods. Thus, it becomes possible to display complex scenes with various shading effects, using relatively small computers. The multiscanning method used for antialiasing and a data structure for processing it are described. Examples are presented to demonstrate the capability of the system.
series	journal paper
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	7670
authors	Sawicki, Bogumil
year	1995
title	Ray Tracing – New Chances, Possibilities and Limitations in AutoCAD
source	CAD Space [Proceedings of the III International Conference Computer in Architectural Design] Bialystock 27-29 April 1995, pp. 121-136
summary	Realistic image synthesis is nowadays widely used in engineering applications. Some of these applications, such as architectural, interior, lighting and industrial design demand accurate visualization of non-existent scenes as they would look to us, when built in reality. This can only be archived by using physically based models of light interaction with surfaces, and simulating propagation of light through an environment. Ray tracing is one of the most powerful techniques used in computer graphics, which can produce such very realistic images. Ray tracing algorithm follows the paths of light rays backwards from observer into the scene. It is very time consuming process and as such one could not be developed until proper computers appeared, In recent years the technological improvements in computer industry brought more powerful machines with bigger storage capacities and better graphic devices. Owing to increasing these hardware capabilities successful implementation of ray tracing in different CAD software became possible also on PC machines. Ray tracing in AutoCAD r.12 - the most popular CAD package in the world - is the best of that example. AccuRender and AutoVision are an AutoCAD Development System (ADS) applications that use ray tracing to create photorealistic images from 3D AutoCAD models. These ,internal"' applications let users generate synthetic images of threedimensional models and scenes entirely within AutoCAD space and show effects directly on main AutoCAD screen. Ray tracing algorithm accurately calculates and displays shadows, transparency, diffusion, reflection, and refraction from surface qualities of user-defined materials. The accurate modelling of light lets produce sophisticated effects and high-quality images, which these ray tracers always generates at 24-bit pixel depth,"providing 16,7 million colours. That results can be quite impressive for some architects and are almost acceptable for others but that coloured virtual world, which is presented by ray tracing in AutoCAD space in such convincing way, is still not exactly the same as the real world. Main limitations of realism are due to the nature of ray tracing method Classical ray tracing technique takes into account the effects of light reflection from neighbouring surfaces but, leaves out of account the ambient and global illumination arising out of complex interreflections in an environment. So models generated by ray tracing belong to an "ideal" world where real materials and environment can't find their right place. We complain about that fact and say that ray tracing shows us "too specular world", but (...) (...) there is anything better on the horizon? It should be concluded, that typical abilities of today's graphics software and hardware are far from exploited. As was observed in literature there have been various works carried along with the explicit intention of overcoming all these ray tracing limitations, These researches seem to be very promising and let us hope that their results will be seen in CAD applications soon. As it happens with modelling, perhaps the answer will come from a variety of techniques that can be combined together with ray tracing depending on the case we are dealing with. Therefore from the point of view of an architects that try to keep alive some interest on the nature of materials and their interaction with form, "ray tracing" seems to be right path of research and development that we can still a long way follow, From the point of view of the school, a critical assimilation of "ray tracing" processes is required and one that might help to determinate exactly their distortions and to indicate the correct way of its development and right place in CAAD education. I trust that ray tracing will become standard not only in AutoCAD but in all architectural space modelling CAD applications and will be established as a powerful and real tool for experimental researches in architectural design process. Will be the technological progress so significant in the nearest future as it is anticipated?
series	plCAD
last changed	2000/01/24 10:08

_id	87d2
authors	Serrano, J.G., Coll, J., Melero, J.C. and Burry, Mark
year	1993
title	The Need to Step Beyond Conventional Architectural Software
source	[eCAADe Conference Proceedings] Eindhoven (The Netherlands) 11-13 November 1993
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1993.x.v0u
summary	The Sagrada Familia Church has appointed two groups of consultants to assist the translation of Gaudi's 1:10 scaled models of the nave into coherent information from which to build. One team has been undertaking the static analysis of the nave roof vault structure and the other the study of the complexities of Gaudi's composition in order to provide full-scale production templates and models for the walls. Both teams had begun using the same basic CAD package and both have had to move onto high-end and very expensive solid-modelling software normally used by mechanical engineers and vehicle designers. Both groups are collaborating together with different accents despite an improbable geographical separation. The original problem, one of intersecting ruled-surfaces accurately to reflect the geometries of the surviving fragments of the original models, has led to surprising possibilities which were not anticipated at the outset. Currently the potential of parametric variation and associative geometries are being investigated as a mirror for some of the intuitive design process and finite element analysis is being considered as a means of interactively analysing the structural implications for each study. The software being used also has a powerful ray-tracing module; rather than being simply a tool to produce eye-catching 'realistic' renderings it has proved to be invaluable in allowing the computer user to understand the spatial complexities of the components being studied. This paper discusses the merits of an architecture so demanding (despite having been designed at the beginning of this century) that it requires the most costly equipment in today's market and it will consider the proposition that in ordinary circumstances, an architecture too complex to be described using basic CAD tools is an architecture beyond our reach. The interdisciplinary nature of the diverse and powerful modules within the software referred to will be used to contest this proposition using the presence of both teams in schools of architecture as evidence.
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ddssar0203
id	ddssar0203
authors	Alkass, Sabah and Jrade, Ahmad
year	2002
title	A Web-Based Virtual Reality Model for Preliminary Estimates of Hi-Rise Building Projects
source	Timmermans, Harry (Ed.), Sixth Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning - Part one: Architecture Proceedings Avegoor, the Netherlands), 2002
summary	Cost estimating of a construction project at its early stage is considered to be very important task since it will be used as a base to commit or otherwise not to commit funds to that project. Preparation of a reliableand realistic preliminary estimate to aid the decision makers to commit funds for a specific project is a complicated assignment. Traditional methods and operations produced unsatisfactory aid due to lack ofaccuracy especially in the pre-design stage of a project. This participates in the increase of percentage of bankruptcy in the construction industry, which has dramatically climbed up and ranked as 15 percent of thewhole bankruptcies claimed in Canada (Statistic Canada 1998). This paper presents a methodology for developing and a Web-based model to automate preliminary cost estimates for hi-rise buildings. This is achieved by integrating a database with design drawings in a Virtual Reality (VR) environment. The model will automatically generate preliminary estimates after modifying a 3D CAD drawing. It provides the user the option to visualize and simulate the drawing and its cost data through VR environment. Having done that, it will allow owners, architects and cost engineers to view a constructed building project, change its geometric objects and shapes, and accordingly generate a new conceptual cost estimate.
series	DDSS
last changed	2003/11/21 15:15

_id	d9de
authors	Fukuda, T., Nagahama, R., Kaga, A. and Sasada, T.
year	2002
title	Collaboration Support System for City Plans or Community Designs Based on VR/CG Technology
source	CAADRIA 2002 [Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 983-2473-42-X] Cyberjaya (Malaysia) 18–20 April 2002, pp. 257-264
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2002.257
summary	This paper reports the collaboration support system for city plans or community designs based on virtual reality (VR) or computer graphics (CG) technology. This time we report to elaborate the extended potable VR equipment and expression method with CG to allow for the realistic viewing of night scenes, and apply to real projects.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	sigradi2006_e028c
id	sigradi2006_e028c
authors	Griffith, Kenfield; Sass, Larry and Michaud, Dennis
year	2006
title	A strategy for complex-curved building design:Design structure with Bi-lateral contouring as integrally connected ribs
source	SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 465-469
summary	Shapes in designs created by architects such as Gehry Partners (Shelden, 2002), Foster and Partners, and Kohn Peterson and Fox rely on computational processes for rationalizing complex geometry for building construction. Rationalization is the reduction of a complete geometric shape into discrete components. Unfortunately, for many architects the rationalization is limited reducing solid models to surfaces or data on spread sheets for contractors to follow. Rationalized models produced by the firms listed above do not offer strategies for construction or digital fabrication. For the physical production of CAD description an alternative to the rationalized description is needed. This paper examines the coupling of digital rationalization and digital fabrication with physical mockups (Rich, 1989). Our aim is to explore complex relationships found in early and mid stage design phases when digital fabrication is used to produce design outcomes. Results of our investigation will aid architects and engineers in addressing the complications found in the translation of design models embedded with precision to constructible geometries. We present an algorithmically based approach to design rationalization that supports physical production as well as surface production of desktop models. Our approach is an alternative to conventional rapid prototyping that builds objects by assembly of laterally sliced contours from a solid model. We explored an improved product description for rapid manufacture as bilateral contouring for structure and panelling for strength (Kolarevic, 2003). Infrastructure typically found within aerospace, automotive, and shipbuilding industries, bilateral contouring is an organized matrix of horizontal and vertical interlocking ribs evenly distributed along a surface. These structures are monocoque and semi-monocoque assemblies composed of structural ribs and skinning attached by rivets and adhesives. Alternative, bi-lateral contouring discussed is an interlocking matrix of plywood strips having integral joinery for assembly. Unlike traditional methods of building representations through malleable materials for creating tangible objects (Friedman, 2002), this approach constructs with the implication for building life-size solutions. Three algorithms are presented as examples of rationalized design production with physical results. The first algorithm [Figure 1] deconstructs an initial 2D curved form into ribbed slices to be assembled through integral connections constructed as part of the rib solution. The second algorithm [Figure 2] deconstructs curved forms of greater complexity. The algorithm walks along the surface extracting surface information along horizontal and vertical axes saving surface information resulting in a ribbed structure of slight double curvature. The final algorithm [Figure 3] is expressed as plug-in software for Rhino that deconstructs a design to components for assembly as rib structures. The plug-in also translates geometries to a flatten position for 2D fabrication. The software demonstrates the full scope of the research exploration. Studies published by Dodgson argued that innovation technology (IvT) (Dodgson, Gann, Salter, 2004) helped in solving projects like the Guggenheim in Bilbao, the leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy, and the Millennium Bridge in London. Similarly, the method discussed in this paper will aid in solving physical production problems with complex building forms. References Bentley, P.J. (Ed.). Evolutionary Design by Computers. Morgan Kaufman Publishers Inc. San Francisco, CA, 1-73 Celani, G, (2004) “From simple to complex: using AutoCAD to build generative design systems” in: L. Caldas and J. Duarte (org.) Implementations issues in generative design systems. First Intl. Conference on Design Computing and Cognition, July 2004 Dodgson M, Gann D.M., Salter A, (2004), “Impact of Innovation Technology on Engineering Problem Solving: Lessons from High Profile Public Projects,” Industrial Dynamics, Innovation and Development, 2004 Dristas, (2004) “Design Operators.” Thesis. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 2004 Friedman, M, (2002), Gehry Talks: Architecture + Practice, Universe Publishing, New York, NY, 2002 Kolarevic, B, (2003), Architecture in the Digital Age: Design and Manufacturing, Spon Press, London, UK, 2003 Opas J, Bochnick H, Tuomi J, (1994), “Manufacturability Analysis as a Part of CAD/CAM Integration”, Intelligent Systems in Design and Manufacturing, 261-292 Rudolph S, Alber R, (2002), “An Evolutionary Approach to the Inverse Problem in Rule-Based Design Representations”, Artificial Intelligence in Design ’02, 329-350 Rich M, (1989), Digital Mockup, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Reston, VA, 1989 Schön, D., The Reflective Practitioner: How Professional Think in Action. Basic Books. 1983 Shelden, D, (2003), “Digital Surface Representation and the Constructability of Gehry’s Architecture.” Diss. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 2003 Smithers T, Conkie A, Doheny J, Logan B, Millington K, (1989), “Design as Intelligent Behaviour: An AI in Design Thesis Programme”, Artificial Intelligence in Design, 293-334 Smithers T, (2002), “Synthesis in Designing”, Artificial Intelligence in Design ’02, 3-24 Stiny, G, (1977), “Ice-ray: a note on the generation of Chinese lattice designs” Environmental and Planning B, volume 4, pp. 89-98
keywords	Digital fabrication; bilateral contouring; integral connection; complex-curve
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:52

_id	5c95
authors	Lou, C.W., Kaga, A. and Sasada, T.
year	2002
title	Environmental Design with Huge Landscape in Real-Time Simulation System: Real-time Simulation System to Real Project
source	CAADRIA 2002 [Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 983-2473-42-X] Cyberjaya (Malaysia) 18–20 April 2002, pp. 265-272
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2002.265
summary	This paper is the culmination of a period of studying and participating in certain real project on environmental design with realtime simulation system application. The focus of this paper is on understanding that a generally real-time simulation system, can render a complex scene that consisted by a huge landscape model with millions polygons and building models with thousands details. It is also more than just a collection of unorganized techniques. This paper must dual with issues of scene elements management as a front end that efficiently provide the ability to process complex and moving objects in a physically realistic way. We establish a platform providing good support for the environmental designers.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	ga0221
id	ga0221
authors	Lunazzi, Renato Saleri
year	2002
title	Pseudo-urban automatic pattern generation
source	International Conference on Generative Art
summary	This research task aims to experiment automatic generative methods able to produce architectural and urban 3D-models. At this time, some interesting applicative results, rising from pseudo-random and l-system formalisms, came to generate complex and rather realistic immersive environments. Next step could be achieved by mixing those techniques to emerging calculus, dealing whith topographic or environmental constraints. As a matter of fact, future developments will aim to contribute to archeological or historical restitution, quickly providing credible 3D environments in a given historical context.
series	other
email
more	http://www.generativeart.com/
last changed	2003/08/07 17:25

_id	23b9
authors	Mandagaran, María and Barros, Diana Rodríguez
year	2002
title	Patrimonio digital y modelos paramétricos tridimensionales [Digital Patrimony and 3D Parametric Models]
source	SIGraDi 2002 - [Proceedings of the 6th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Caracas (Venezuela) 27-29 november 2002, pp. 299-300
summary	This paper shows the results of 3-D modelling carried out on works of great architectural value. This case corresponds to the building system of Villa Victoria Cultural Center, Mar del Plata, Argentina. The building of a 3-D Digital Model implies the operations of geometric modelling by using Parametric CAD systems in this case, and to the operations of visual modelling in all respects. The analysis focused on three aspects: the morphological aspect, which comprises the visualization and the analysis of the model shapes; the constructional aspect, which deals with the component elements of the model ; and the realistic aspect, where shapes are complemented with appearence by incorporating materialization features which relate to the perception of the finished model.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:55

_id	4f57
authors	Nikiforiadis, Faidon and Pitts, Adrian
year	2002
title	A Study of the Accuracy of Daylighting Simulation of Heavily Obstructed Buildings in the Urban Canyons of Athens
source	Connecting the Real and the Virtual - design e-ducation [20th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-0-8] Warsaw (Poland) 18-20 September 2002, pp. 456-463
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2002.456
summary	This paper deals with the use and evaluation of daylighting simulation tools in relation to a complex urban environment. The environment concerned is one commonly found in city centre areas where the proximity of buildings leads to the creation of ‘urban canyons’; the result of this is that assessment and simulation of daylight requires a more sophisticated approach than for other situations. In urban areas building layout is the most important factor effecting daylight, sunlight and solar heat gain reaching a building. It also affects sunlight in open spaces, ventilation, shelter and the dispersal of pollutants. In order to produce a more realistic understanding of the dynamic effects of daylight, there is a need not only for the research and development of advanced CAD and lighting simulation tools, but also of the study of possible alternative methods in their application. In the work reported in this paper, an attempt has been made to move the focus of lighting and daylighting simulation from the scale of a room to that of a whole building; the building itself being surrounded by its specific urban environment (including its microclimate). The study evaluates if there is sufficient evidence that it is possible with such complexity to reach reliable computation results after executing the simulation. The case study presented uses a 4D model of an urban canyon to investigate the sensitivity of such a complex simulation system. It can also be used to find ways to analyse and predict how daylight is reflected, refracted, scattered, diffused, polarised, diffracted and absorbed as it traverses an urban environment.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	d03a
authors	Noble, Douglas and Kensek, Karen M.
year	2002
title	CAD/CAM Methods in Support of Historic Preservation: A Case Study of the Freeman House by Frank Lloyd Wright
source	SIGraDi 2002 - [Proceedings of the 6th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Caracas (Venezuela) 27-29 november 2002, pp. 52-54
summary	Preservationists have an impressive array of digital tools to aid them in documentation and analysis of historic structures. The tools range from near photo-realistic renderings to demonstrate what a “restored” building might have looked like at one specifi c time in history to complex chemical analysis of paint chips and pigments to geographic information systems used as management tools for historic prop er ties. Computer-aided design / computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) is set of important digital aids in historic preservation efforts. This paper presents a case study of the use of CAD/CAM in support of an effort to restore a textile block house designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. CAD/CAM methods are being employed to help produce a new mold so that new textile blocks can be manufactured that match the existing blocks. An existing textile block mold was digitally scanned, digitally mirrored and edited, and will be fabricated from an aluminum billet to replace a mold that no longer exists. Although seemingly a simple process and well within current technological abilities, the work proved substantially more challenging that initially imagined.
keywords	CAD/CAM, historic preservation, textile block, Frank Lloyd Wright
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:56

_id	e81e
authors	Petric, J., Ucelli, G. and Conti, G.
year	2002
title	Participatory Design in Collaborative Virtual Environments
source	SIGraDi 2002 - [Proceedings of the 6th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Caracas (Venezuela) 27-29 november 2002, pp. 159-162
summary	This paper re-establishes the theoretical framework for participatory design evolved in the late sixties and early seventies as part of the movement towards a more explicit design methodology and attempts an explanation of why the concept failed to gain commitment from the architectural and urban design professionals. The issue of user participation in the processes of building and urban design is enjoying renewed attention following its relative neglect over the last 20 years due, in large measure, to significant advances in emerging information technologies, particularly multimedia, virtual reality and internettechnologies. This paper then gives an account of two significant and relevant developments in the evolution of the application of informationtechnologies with which the authors have been engaged. These are:a responsive and interactive interface to wholly immersive and realistic virtual reality representations of proposed buildings and urban neighbourhoods. an intuitive and platform-independent VR modelling environment allowing collaborative evolution of the scheme from withinthe virtual world. The efficacy of these IT developments is tested in the context of a design exercise in which three designers, from distributedlocations and using different computer platforms, collaboratively design an Information Centre from within the virtual world.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:57

_id	255e
authors	Sarawgi, Tina and Paranandi, Murali
year	2002
title	Daylight Simulation: Examining its place during Conceptual Stages in a CAAD Studio
source	Thresholds - Design, Research, Education and Practice, in the Space Between the Physical and the Virtual [Proceedings of the 2002 Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design In Architecture / ISBN 1-880250-11-X] Pomona (California) 24-27 October 2002, pp. 263-270
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2002.263
summary	This paper reports on our experiences using computer graphic visual simulations to encouragearchitecture students to examine daylighting aspects of their design solutions during conceptual stagesin undergraduate design studios. Using computers for conceptual design was the major thrust of theinvestigation of these studios where daylight was one of the issues students examined for a four-weekperiod. We present our experiences and student work with traditional CGI-based and physics-basedradiosity rendering techniques. Our experiences show that although radiosity based visual simulation iscapable of producing more realistic images, in the design process its success was limited to studyingclearly defined interior spaces. CGI-based visualization, particularly when used in conjunction withtraditional physical models, was more useful and effective in the design process, being closer to thefluid nature of the design process. Further work needs to be done to make the currently availableradiosity-based software suitable for use in the design decision-making process.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	ddssar0212
id	ddssar0212
authors	Scott Gowans and John Graham
year	2002
title	Appropriate Collectives: A Contemporary Structure For Collaborative Working
source	Timmermans, Harry (Ed.), Sixth Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning - Part one: Architecture Proceedings Avegoor, the Netherlands), 2002
summary	This paper attempts to illustrate the importance of the conceptual initiative in the design process and how, through the development of a poetic narrative, it can inform the process of creative design andmanufacture. The argument outlined proposes the adoption of a poetic narrative as a mechanism for defining and clarifying the designers’ intention with the use of metaphorical associations advocated as ameans of exploiting our innate ability for intuitive extrapolation. Our approach gives emphasis to the conceptual corollary or intellectual process that underpins all considered design work and challenges the traditionally accepted methods of project development where this phase of the process is seen as having a pre-prescribed beginning and end. The paper is also intended as a statement of intent that celebrates the unique nature of our interdisciplinary working practices and, as a contextualisingdocument that posits a realistic and contemporary vision for the future of collaborative endeavours. We illustrate how, through the adherence to a philosophy of creative realism and by the establishment of legitimate, ephemeral collectives; we can effectively instigate and address opportunities in many areas at any given time. In the paper we actively promote an expansive and creative engagement with the dynamics of project inception, development and control as a means of realising our collective aspirations and of ensuring project ownership in the widest sense. The paper discusses creatively critical architectural and new media projects that attempt to subvert a number of modern orthodoxies bysupplanting them with an affective internal logic.
series	DDSS
last changed	2003/08/07 16:36

_id	b605
authors	Tang, Shen-Kai and Liu, Yu-Tung
year	2002
title	A Digital Reconstruction Procedure for a Disappeared City Space and Its Activities
source	Connecting the Real and the Virtual - design e-ducation [20th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-0-8] Warsaw (Poland) 18-20 September 2002, pp. 603-608
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2002.603
summary	Graduate Institute of Architecture, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30050, TAIWAN Computer simulation technology was used well in virtual archaeology during the past five years but will be insufficient gradually in the future, just because the simulations have extended from static issues, such as implements, architectures and a whole city, to motional issues, such as cultural activities in a city. This paper developed a digital reconstruction procedure that integrated three main technologies including 3D scanner, motion capture and virtual reality cave (VR Cave), and implemented it to virtually reconstruct Chang-an City that existed 1400 years ago but disappeared now. The results of the simulations are not only realistic enough to being inside but also highly approved by archeologists, art historian and architects.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	afe6
authors	Funkhouser, Thomas
year	2001
title	Modeling acoustics in virtual environments using the uniform theory of diffraction
source	Siggraph 2001
summary	Realistic modeling of reverberant sound in 3D virtual worlds provides users with important cues for localizing sound sources and understanding spatial properties of the environment. Unfortunately, current geometric acoustic modeling systems do not accurately simulate reverberant sound. Instead, they model only direct transmission and specular reflection, while diffraction is either ignored or modeled through statistical approximation. However, diffraction is important for correct interpretation of acoustic environments, especially when the direct path between sound source and receiver is occluded. The Uniform Theory of Diffraction (UTD) extends geometrical acoustics with diffraction phenomena: illuminated edges become secondary sources of diffracted rays that in turn may propagate through the environment. In this paper, we propose an efficient way for computing the acoustical effect of diffraction paths using the UTD for deriving secondary diffracted rays and associated diffraction coefficients. Our main contributions are: 1) a beam tracing method for enumerating sequences of diffracting edges efficiently and without aliasing in densely occluded polyhedral environments; 2) a practical approximation to the simulated sound field in which diffraction is considered only in shadow regions; and 3) a real-time auralization system demonstrating that diffraction dramatically improves the quality of spatialized sound in virtual environments.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	6cfd
authors	Harfmann, Anton C. and Majkowski, Bruce R.
year	1992
title	Component-Based Spatial Reasoning
source	Mission - Method - Madness [ACADIA Conference Proceedings / ISBN 1-880250-01-2] 1992, pp. 103-111
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1992.103
summary	The design process and ordering of individual components through which architecture is realized relies on the use of abstract "models" to represent a proposed design. The emergence and use of these abstract "models" for building representation has a long history and tradition in the field of architecture. Models have been made and continue to be made for the patron, occasionally the public, and as a guide for the builders. Models have also been described as a means to reflect on the design and to allow the design to be in dialogue with the creator. The term "model" in the above paragraph has been used in various ways and in this context is defined as any representation through which design intent is expressed. This includes accurate/ rational or abstract drawings (2- dimensional and 3-dimensional), physical models (realistic and abstract) and computer models (solid, void and virtual reality). The various models that fall within the categories above have been derived from the need to "view" the proposed design in various ways in order to support intuitive reasoning about the proposal and for evaluation purposes. For example, a 2-dimensional drawing of a floor plan is well suited to support reasoning about spatial relationships and circulation patterns while scaled 3-dimensional models facilitate reasoning about overall form, volume, light, massing etc. However, the common denominator of all architectural design projects (if the intent is to construct them in actual scale, physical form) are the discrete building elements from which the design will be constructed. It is proposed that a single computational model representing individual components supports all of the above "models" and facilitates "viewing"' the design according to the frame of reference of the viewer. Furthermore, it is the position of the authors that all reasoning stems from this rudimentary level of modeling individual components. The concept of component representation has been derived from the fact that a "real" building (made from individual components such as nuts, bolts and bar joists) can be "viewed" differently according to the frame of reference of the viewer. Each individual has the ability to infer and abstract from the assemblies of components a variety of different "models" ranging from a visceral, experiential understanding to a very technical, physical understanding. The component concept has already proven to be a valuable tool for reasoning about assemblies, interferences between components, tracing of load path and numerous other component related applications. In order to validate the component-based modeling concept this effort will focus on the development of spatial understanding from the component-based model. The discussions will, therefore, center about the representation of individual components and the development of spatial models and spatial reasoning from the component model. In order to frame the argument that spatial modeling and reasoning can be derived from the component representation, a review of the component-based modeling concept will precede the discussions of spatial issues.
series	ACADIA
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last changed	2022/06/07 07:49

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