Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

PDF papers
References

Hits 1 to 20 of 9874

Reformat results as: short short into frame detailed detailed into frame

_id	caadria2007_345
id	caadria2007_345
authors	Villalon, Rachelle
year	2007
title	Dynamic Changes in DNA to Dynamic Architecture (with NiTi Shape Memory Alloy)
source	CAADRIA 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Nanjing (China) 19-21 April 2007
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2007.x.i2i
summary	This research presents a design process that implements digital methodologies from design concept to the fabrication of smallscale prototypes. The prototypes themselves are user interactive objects employing Nickel Titanium Shape Memory Alloy. At a larger context, this research not only responds to material and fabrication constraints, but addresses the user-to-building interaction; instead of users interacting with a building, the building can now interact with its user by way of transforming its spatial configuration.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	sigradi2010_362
id	sigradi2010_362
authors	Villazón, Rafael; Bravo Germán; Trujillo Augusto
year	2010
title	Conservación digital de las prácticas constructivas utilizando el sistema KOC. Estudio de caso: Edificio Mario Laserna [Digital preservation of building practices, using the KOC system. Case study: Mario Laserna building]
source	SIGraDi 2010_Proceedings of the 14th Congress of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics, pp. Bogotá, Colombia, November 17-19, 2010, pp. 362-365
summary	Around the middle of the 20th century, construction techniques in Colombia displayed important technical advances, but because there was a lack of documentation strategies most of this knowledge was lost. However, in 2008 the Mario Laserna building at Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, received the XVII International Cemex Building Award for its contribution to the development of construction technology using concrete. Considering the problem of recording the lessons learned from this experience, this paper demonstrates how to carry out the digital preservation of technical knowledge in the field of construction by means of the Knowledge Objects of Construction (KOC) system, specifically the construction process for a concrete beam.
keywords	heritage conservation, construction practices, knowledge - based systems, data acquisition protocol
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 10:02

_id	ecaade2011_152
id	ecaade2011_152
authors	Villazón, Rafael; Romero R., William A.; Hernández, José Tiberio
year	2011
title	Media Space for Architecture Studio Courses: Interactive project analysis and discussion in Architecture Studio
source	RESPECTING FRAGILE PLACES [29th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-9-4912070-1-3], University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Architecture (Slovenia) 21-24 September 2011, pp.285-292
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2011.285
wos	WOS:000335665500032
summary	This paper presents a Media Space designed to reinforce the learning experience in the context of Architecture Studio courses by supporting interactive analysis and discussion of architectural projects. Based on the utilisation of information technologies, this initiative attempts to interpret the meaning of the traditional master/apprentice relationship and the project-based learning model. This paper summarizes the course methodology and outlines the aspects of interest in order to improve the learning experience. Also presents the main concepts behind the users’ interaction process in a session such as Catalogue, Stage, Mosaic and Sketch-Based Annotations. The result is a suite of modular applications and hardware engineered to provide interactive visualisation, collaborative tools and teleconferencing.
keywords	Architecture studio courses; computer aided instruction; computer mediated communication
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/05/01 23:21

_id	5f23
authors	Vineeta, Pal
year	1999
title	Integrated Computational Analysis of the Visual Environment in Buildings
source	Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh
summary	Despite significant advances in the area of computational support for lighting design, lighting simulation tools have not been sufficiently integrated into the lighting design process. There is a significant body of designers who rely solely on their individual experience and do not use predictive simulation tools. Even when simulation tools are utilized, it is for design verification or presentation rather than for design support. A number of factors are thought to contribute to this lack of integration of simulation tools into the design process: a) Most existing tools rely on the problematic assumption implying the appropriateness of simplified models for the less complex early design and detailed simulation for the more complex later stages of design; b) They do not support an active exploration of design variables to satisfy desired performance criteria; c) They are not integrated with other building performance simulation models. This thesis addresses the above shortcomings by contributing to the field of visual analysis in the following areas, pertaining to the development of active, integrated design and performance simulation environments: - Implementation of a consistent and coherent, physically-based modeling approach, combining radiosity and ray-tracing methods for the simulation of light propagation. - Provision of design support both in terms of evaluation support for interpreting large amounts of computed data with diverse performance indices, and in terms of active design support to explore the relationships between the design variables and performance indices. - Integration of the lighting simulation module within a larger software environment (SEMPER) for the prediction and evaluation of multiple performance indicators (for energy, light, acoustics, etc.) in buildings.
series	thesis:PhD
last changed	2003/02/12 22:37

_id	8c92
authors	Vinograd, T. and Flores, F.
year	1990
title	Understanding Computers and Cognition: A New Foundation for Design
source	Alex Publishing Corporation
summary	Winograd and Flores' `Understanding Computers and Cognition' proposes that the rationalist tradition in AI must be replaced by a hermeneutic approach. Associating the rationalist tradition with the goal of building a human mind, the authors propose that a hermeneutic approach must adopt the goal of constructing prostheses which magnify the human mind. This paper argues that what AI needs is not so much a hermeneutic approach as a better appreciation of biology and psychology. Understanding Computers and Cognition is a groundbreaking book that presents an important new approach to understanding what computers do and how their functioning is related to human language, thought and action.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	cdrf2023_433
id	cdrf2023_433
authors	Virginia Ellyn Melnyk
year	2023
title	Customized Knit Membrane Deployable Hyperboloid Tower
source	Proceedings of the 2023 DigitalFUTURES The 5st International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2023)
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8405-3_36
summary	Deployable structures have become increasingly popular due to their ability to transform from a compact form into a larger structure. They are also typically lightweight, resulting in a lower carbon footprint than heavy permanent building methods. These structures are popular within the field of architecture, as well as in robotics, aerospace engineering, and other fields.This paper explores the design and development of a deployable hyperboloid structure with a connected knitted membrane. The knitted material is specifically designed to stretch and fit the transforming geometry of the hyperboloid. This is achieved by manipulating the types of yarn used across the membrane, as well as the number of short rows in the knit material, to create a more specified material. The design for this material was developed using Rhino3d and Grasshopper. Throughout the design and fabrication process, there was a feedback loop between the digital design models and physical material test samples to ensure that the knit would fit the final hyperboloid structure. The result is a two-meter-tall structure when upright and a two-meter-diameter circle when collapsed, with a knit membrane that supports the structure and transforms seamlessly by stretching and shrinking to the different shapes of transformation.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2024/05/29 14:04

_id	f451
authors	Visvalingam, M.
year	1994
title	Visualisation in GIS, cartography and ViSC
source	Visualization in Geographical Information Systems. H. M. Hearnshaw and D. J. Unwin. Chichester, John Wiley & Sons, pp. 18-25
summary	Contributed by Susan Pietsch (spietsch@arch.adelaide.edu.au)
keywords	3D City Modeling, Development Control, Design Control
series	other
last changed	2001/06/04 20:41

_id	viswa
id	viswa
authors	Viswanadha,Kameshwari
year	2001
title	Digital Charrette: A Web Based Tool to Supplement the Admission Procedure to Graduate Architectural Degree Programs
source	Texas A&M University
summary	The NAAB (National Architectural Accrediting Board Inc.), as an evaluator of architectural education in the United States has established both graduate architectural curriculum criteria and student performance criteria expected to be fulfilled by the student at the time of graduation. To fulfill these standards set by the NAAB, the graduate selection committees of architecture schools require the ability to predict graduate design studio performance of the applicants. The high percentage of international applicants suggests the necessity of a standardized evaluation tool. This research presents a standardized web based testing environment titled Digital Charrete‚ that would contribute towards the fair evaluation of applicants to graduate architectural degree programs. Spatial ability is related to Design and Visualization skills‚, a part of the NAAB criteria, and also associated with design studio performance of architecture students. The Digital Charrette is a VRML environment within which spatial exercises are administered. It is designed to supplement the current admission procedure, and would enable the selection of students with greater potential to perform well in graduate architectural design studios. This research is also an attempt to understand the implications of using virtual three-dimensional environments for such testing purposes. The ability of this web based tool to predict student performance in architectural design studios is investigated. Finally, the user reactions to testing in a virtual three-dimensional environment and timed tasks are included in this study. Analysis of the results showed that the test takers thought the Digital Charrette was a good evaluator of their spatial ability. The study population showed a preference for paper-based media in the pre-task analysis. A huge percentage of the study population found the Digital Charrette Œfun to do‚ and Œchallenging‚. The major drawback of this study was that the VRML environment was unable to render itself for testing purposes in a way that the medium would not hinder the test takers‚ performance. This may also be considered a cause for a relatively smaller percentage of success amongst test takers. The study population however unanimously considered the concept of the Digital Charrette, i.e. testing in virtual environments, significant to evaluation of architecture students.
keywords	Architectural Education
series	thesis:MSc
email
last changed	2003/12/06 08:18

_id	caadria2015_066
id	caadria2015_066
authors	Vital, R. and J. Cory
year	2015
title	Digital Documentation integrated in BIM for Building Reuse and Sustainable Retrofit
source	Emerging Experience in Past, Present and Future of Digital Architecture, Proceedings of the 20th International Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2015) / Daegu 20-22 May 2015, pp. 407-416
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2015.407
summary	Architectural survey is an evolving field in architecture that has been affected during the past decades by the technological advancements in the field of 3D data acquisition. Data acquired from laser scanning and photogrammetry, for the purposes of documentation can be integrated in the BIM data base of the project and contribute as the first stage in the sustainable process of building reuse and retrofit and for an appropriate design intervention for a building under preservation. This paper presents the case study of the documentation and design intervention of a building under preservation in Ramat Gan, Israel. All phases of the design process were integrated into a comprehensive BIM data base: the digital documentation of the building, through laser scanning and photogrammetry, the architectural geometry, the structural information, the HVAC and electrical planning. This case-study demonstrates how the compilation of the various phases in a BIM database facilitated a smooth workflow in a complicated project under preservation, allowed for an immediate coordination between the various consultants and resulted in a non-invasive design intervention.
keywords	Laser scanning; BIM; digital survey; retrofit; preservation.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	acadia19_288
id	acadia19_288
authors	Vivaldi, Jordi
year	2019
title	Surrealist Aesthetics in Second-Order, Cybernetic Architecture
source	ACADIA 19:UBIQUITY AND AUTONOMY [Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-59179-7] (The University of Texas at Austin School of Architecture, Austin, Texas 21-26 October, 2019) pp. 288-297
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2019.288
summary	In experimental architecture and during the last decade, second-order cybernetic systems (SOCA) have been broadly explored. Under this umbrella, the implementation of robotics and machine learning in recent experimental projects has impacted academia through new fabrication strategies, new design methods, and new adaptive devices. This paper presents a theoretical approach to the aesthetic side of this impact. In particular, it argues that SOCA rearticulates Benjamin’s concept of “distracted perception” through three structural principles of Surrealism: the emphasis of presentation over representation; the centrality of the notion of automatism; and the simultaneous management of closeness and distance. Each alignment is doubly articulated. First it establishes a comparison between Surrealist artwork from the first half of the 20th century and three SOCA projects in which the notion of autonomy and ubiquity are crucial. Second, it evaluates the impact on Benjamin’s notion of “distracted perception.” The paper concludes that the Surrealist aesthetic structures analysed in SOCA differ from traditional Surrealism in the replacement of an inner and unconscious other by an outer and algorithmic other. Its presence simultaneously expands and contracts Benjamin’s architectural understanding of “distracted perception,” a double movement whose perception paradoxically occurs under the single framework of Benjamin’s haptic vision.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	caadria2021_253
id	caadria2021_253
authors	Vivanco Larrain, Tomas, Valencia, Antonia and Yuan, Philip F.
year	2021
title	Spatial Findings on Chilean Architecture StyleGAN AI Graphics
source	A. Globa, J. van Ameijde, A. Fingrut, N. Kim, T.T.S. Lo (eds.), PROJECTIONS - Proceedings of the 26th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Online, Hong Kong, 29 March - 1 April 2021, pp. 251-260
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2021.1.251
summary	The use of StyleGAN algorithms proposes a novel approach in the investigation of architectural images. Even though graphical outcomes produced by StyleGAN algorithms are far from being architectural spaces, they might become a starting point in the creative process of architectural projects. By creating a database of specific categories of architectural images located in certain contexts, significant findings might emerge regarding their categorization in accordance to the style of a culture. This research analyzes the architectural images that result from implementing StyleGAN algorithms in a database of images of Chilean houses built between the years 2010 and 2020 and selected as finalist of the Â´Project of the YearÂ´ from international viewers and curators of the most viewed architectural website of the world. Our findings suggest that Chilean houses have two distinctive elements strongly influenced by human bias: the proportion of voids in the architectural-like generative volume and the integration of vegetation or landscape.
keywords	StyleGAN; Chilean architecture; artificial intelligence; spatial findings
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	30
authors	Vizcaino, M.S., Leal, M., Maria, L., Persia, M. and Tamagnini, A.
year	1998
title	Base de Datos Bodega (Data Base Warehouse)
source	II Seminario Iberoamericano de Grafico Digital [SIGRADI Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-97190-0-X] Mar del Plata (Argentina) 9-11 september 1998, pp. 232-237
summary	The architectural objects and their site are an indivisible part of the concrete culture of a place.in order to achieve the protection of the Cultural Property, the indispensable previous step is the fulfilment of an inventory. If a good inventory is not available, serious tasks of public awareness could not be carried out, nor could be adopted policies or specific safeguard projects. Besides, neither criteria nor protective measurements in the plans of urban or regional development could be incorporated. Finally, we could not discuss with the sufficient scientific support. San Juan has climatic features typical of and regions with high seismic risk, scarce hydric resources, landscape diversity and singular vegetation. This favoured the cultivation of vineyards as well as the construction of important industrial buildings. In this sense, the Architecture of the Vine Production and Wine - making gave rise to establishments (buildings and sites), whose architectural characteristics, in a holistic consideration, are part of the Provincial Architectural Patrimony. A relational database structured by fields related to different levels of information was designed so as to fulfil this inventory. The data processing application used enables to search and ask for information by means of an easy access interface with the following possibilities :expansion, versatility in the design of visualization-printing plugs and readiness to migrate to other formats.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 10:02

_id	2004_586
id	2004_586
authors	Voigt, A., Martens, B. and Linzer, H.
year	2004
title	City Simulator - A Multi-dimensional VR-Simulation Environment
source	Architecture in the Network Society [22nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-2-4] Copenhagen (Denmark) 15-18 September 2004, pp. 586-592
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2004.586
summary	Whether in splendid rural isolation or in an urban area, settlement and building structures always are exposed to the public. Questions as to the future design of our vital space basically always concern the public and thus call for a great deal of discussion. Launching a well-balanced debate between all those involved in the planning and design process requires clear exemplification of urban-spatial visions by means of simulation. A simulation device - called “City Simulator” - suited to conveying the multitude of spatial relations within the urban configuration and for developing urban-spatial ideas would fulfil such expectations. The complexity of the information required in this context can be coped with effectively by means of computer-aided simulation techniques focusing on digital city models. Thus the implementation of a “City Simulator” may be regarded as a decisive tool for the purpose. As those involved in the process normally consider themselves absolute novices within the context of complex planning processes, the simulator will to some extent act as a “translation machine”. This paper is based on a project proposal which has been submitted by the authors aimed at the acquisition of a “City Simulator” at Vienna University of Technology in the near future.
keywords	3D City Models; Simulation; Virtual Reality; Visualization; Communication
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	90ad
authors	Voigt, A., Walchhofer, H.P. and Linzer, H.
year	1999
title	The Historico-cultural Past as Spatial-related Cognition Archives: Computer-assisted Methods in the History of Urban Development, Archeology and History of Art
source	Architectural Computing from Turing to 2000 [eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-5-7] Liverpool (UK) 15-17 September 1999, pp. 672-677
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1999.672
summary	Implementation of computer-assisted visualizing methods in studying historico-cultural facts provides archeological and historico-cultural research with a tool adding to consolidation of knowledge resulting from assumptions. The visualizing methods presently available by utilizing of computers have advanced to an extent justifying their implementation in the field of archeological and historico-cultural research. The present contribution covers the above matters by means of a variety of applied examples performed at the Institute for Local Planning at the Vienna University of Technology dealing with history of urban development, archeology and history of art.
keywords	Historico-cultural Past, Reconstruction, Visualizing Methods
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	c51f
authors	Voigt, A., Walchhofer, H.P. and Linzer, H.
year	2000
title	City Experimental Lab
source	SIGraDi’2000 - Construindo (n)o espacio digital (constructing the digital Space) [4th SIGRADI Conference Proceedings / ISBN 85-88027-02-X] Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) 25-28 september 2000, pp. 143-146
summary	The present contribution deals with the required scale of performances regarding an adequate simulation environment for recent and future challenges of urban development planning based on the concept “City Experimental Lab, CEL”. This paper issues concrete project experience covering the capital city of Upper Austria, Linz. Such CEL could and should act as an “expert system” in the preliminary stages of decision-finding, making available all particulars regarding decisions to the politicians, the planning administration, outside advisors and particularly to the citizens concerned in the suited present-day manner. It could be used for work sessions of planning- or design councils, expert hearings, for the continuous information of citizens on present planning work at the various degrees of concreteness and commitment, etc.. Thus those possibilities are to be enhanced which turn the present city configuration into a virtual experience by integrating visions, utopias and the future developments.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 10:02

_id	e261
authors	Voigt, Andreas
year	2001
title	Configuration of the Urban Space as Virtual Experience
source	CORP 2001, Vienna, pp. 185-188
summary	Configuration of the urban space and its space sections is significantly influenced by the securing and further development of the“city and building-up volume”. In the long run the building-up volume acts as the defined three-dimensional scope of reference andaction regarding constructional-spatial development, specifying the interaction between material three-dimensional elements and freeareas throughout the settled area. The present contribution deals with the required scale of performances regarding an adequatesimulation environment for recent and future challanges of urban development planning. Thus those possibilities are to be enhancedwhich turn the present city configuration (configuration of the urban space) into a virtual experience by integrating visions, utopiasand the future developments.
series	other
email
more	www.corp.at
last changed	2002/12/19 12:19

_id	2006_366
id	2006_366
authors	Voigt, Andreas and Bob Martens
year	2006
title	Development of 3D Tactile Models for the Partially Sighted to Facilitate Spatial Orientation
source	Communicating Space(s) [24th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-5-9] Volos (Greece) 6-9 September 2006, pp. 366-370
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2006.366
summary	Lacking or poor provision of comprehensive information about the spatial environment for the purposes of effective orientation is a problem that primarily affects the blind and partially sighted, but it can also cause difficulties for older people with increasing visual impairment. This research project in progress aims to obtain new scientific findings with regard to the basic suitability and required composition of tactile models to facilitate spatial orientation for the blind and partially sighted. Tactile scale models serve as an orientation aid. Their intention is to make it easier for visually impaired people to “experience” selected structural characteristics of the real space, even if in scaled-down form. This experience allows them to experiment with space and to better recognize spatial elements and their interrelationships. It also helps them to better recognize subspaces, possible spatial sequences, as well as decision-making situations in these spaces. These tactile processes are supported by the highly sensitive tactile faculties of people with visual impairment, which are far more finely differentiated than those of sighted people who experience objects without this disability. The amount of available digital model data is constantly growing and would allow for the creation of tactile models.
keywords	rapid prototyping; 3D printing (3DP); visual impairment; scale modeling; haptical interface
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	2092
authors	Voigt, Andreas and Linzer, Helena
year	1999
title	The Digital City
source	III Congreso Iberoamericano de Grafico Digital [SIGRADI Conference Proceedings] Montevideo (Uruguay) September 29th - October 1st 1999, pp. 438-442
summary	Information-transfer and -management, quality of planning, efficiency in decision-finding and public relations make for the continuous challenges in space-related planning. The integration of the "computer" - an essential tool of modern times - throughout the process of urban and regional planning, particularly regarding city development is a present-day challenge. A "Computer Aided City Development" calls for modular structuring taking the specialized requirements of a up-to-date city development into account as well as integrating suited simulation techniques and media effectively in the planning process in line with the respective state of the art. The present research project was aimed at structuring modular fields of application for "Computer Aided City Development" on the basis of the general framework conditions of regional and urban planning and city development. Paying regard to the "ecological-dynamical" city development the pilot project "The Digital City" puts planning modules of "Computer Aided City Development" to use in a selected transection of the urban area of Vienna (area around UNO-City, Wagramer Straße). By means of a digital, three-dimensional work-as-executed model the urban-spatial development possibilities in variants can be subjected to a spatial discussion throughout workshops making interactive use of a high-speed graphic computer. Furthemore, this pilot project was also dedicated to trying new forms of cooperation between science and administration
keywords	Computer Graphics in Design and Planning, Urban Design, Urban Planning
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 10:02

_id	2005_365
id	2005_365
authors	Voigt, Andreas, Linzer, Helena, Mayerhofer, Rainier and Walchhofer, Hans Peter
year	2005
title	Competitive Support by Visual Simulation
source	Digital Design: The Quest for New Paradigms [23nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-3-2] Lisbon (Portugal) 21-24 September 2005, pp. 365-370
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2005.365
summary	In this article the range of visual simulations for the competitive support is discussed and critically analysed by means of numerous definite competitions carried out within the working field of the authors – the range of experience concerning this matter covers a period of fifteen years (easily), all analysed examples were supported with the aid of CAAD/CAP-technologies. Recommendations are formulated and put forward for discussion. Furthermore the aspect of different acceptance of different presentational qualities (Levels of Detail) with the persons involved in the decision-making process are addressed (differences between socalled experts and laymen are particularly scrutinised).
keywords	Visual Simulation, Competitive Support
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	sigradi2005_546
id	sigradi2005_546
authors	Voigt, Andreas; Helena Linzer and Hans Peter Walchhofer
year	2005
title	Digital Cities – A Collection of Resources
source	SIGraDi 2005 - [Proceedings of the 9th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Lima - Peru 21-24 november 2005, vol. 2, pp. 546-551
summary	The present contribution discusses various selected concepts and criteria of “Digital Cities” which have been worked out by the scientific community. CUMINCAD (see http://cumincad.scix.net) provides an excellent resource of contributions which have been discussed within the scientific community throughout many years and is being used as main source for distilling various ideas and concepts of “Digital Cities”. Additionally the Austrian CORP-database (see http://www.corp.at) was used as a data source. This (small) “collection of resources” shall contribute to further the discussion and the development of useful concepts and standards concerning “Digital Cities” resp. “Virtual City Models”.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 10:02

For more results click below: