Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	ecaade2018_221
id	ecaade2018_221
authors	Veliz Reyes, Alejandro, Gomaa, Mohamed, Chatzivasileiadi, Aikaterini, Jabi, Wassim and Wardhana, Nicholas Mario
year	2018
title	Computing Craft - Early stage development of a robotically-supported 3D printing system for cob structures
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2018.1.791
source	Kepczynska-Walczak, A, Bialkowski, S (eds.), Computing for a better tomorrow - Proceedings of the 36th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland, 19-21 September 2018, pp. 791-800
summary	This paper focuses on an ongoing investigation exploring fabrication procedures and methodologies for robotically supported 3D printing utilising cob and other clay-based sustainable building materials, and is part of an ongoing collaboration between Cardiff University and the University of Plymouth. The methodology is that of a prototype development process within the framework of a feasibility studies call supported by the "Connected Everything: Industrial Systems in the Digital Age" EPSRC (Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council) network. This project expects to not only reveal technological and design opportunities for 3D printed cob structures, but more broadly to engage with vernacular practice through digital means. As a result, this paper expects to contribute to the discipline by providing a framework engaging with digital practice as a way to bridge the knowledge gap between digitally-driven and vernacular modes of knowledge production, dissemination and representation.
keywords	cob construction; robotics; 3D printing; vernacular architecture
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	ecaade2012_138
id	ecaade2012_138
authors	Veliz, Alejandro; Kocaturk, Tuba; Medjdoub, Benachir; Balbo, Riccardo
year	2012
title	Dialogs Between Physical and Digital Modelling Methods on Architectural Design
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2012.2.281
source	Achten, Henri; Pavlicek, Jiri; Hulin, Jaroslav; Matejovska, Dana (eds.), Digital Physicality - Proceedings of the 30th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2 / ISBN 978-9-4912070-3-7, Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Architecture (Czech Republic) 12-14 September 2012, pp. 281-289
summary	As the current digitally-mediated architectural practice evolves, architectural models, regardless of their expressiveness or type, are a way to craft the interaction between the designer and the designed object. Models become artefacts that engage on a continuous interaction with the designer via different media, interpretation and knowledge retrieval schemes, organizational fl ows and tools. These interactions have recently been facilitated by the use of physical and digital production and analysis methods. In this report, we introduce a novel understanding of the relationships between physical and digital modelling techniques. We propose an updated framework that allocates these relationships into four categories: directed production, non-directed production, dual modelling, and mixed modelling. A review of different modelling classifications and frameworks is presented and exemplary case studies from the design domain are introduced for each category.
wos	WOS:000330320600028
keywords	Architectural modelling; interreality systems; CAAD tools and artefacts; grounded theory
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	cf2011_p120
id	cf2011_p120
authors	Veliz, Alejandro; Medjdoub Benachir, Kocaturk Tuba
year	2011
title	Bridging the Gap in Constraint-Based Design
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 133-148.
summary	Mass customization is one of the most promising computational developments in the AEC industry. Despite recent advances in the production of research-based knowledge, the professional practices lack of a consistent and permanent technology adoption scheme and remain as a very resilient and fragmented industry. This work is a part of an ongoing research project developing guidelines for improving both physical and virtual modeling processes within an architectural design context. Here, we present a customizable model of a space layout explorer. The implementation of the user-driven solution-finding process is based on constraint technology embedded in Autodesk’s Revit® 2011 macros tools, commonly used in the professional practice. The aim of this work is to demonstrate a practical use of a small constraint-based system on software of widespread use. Even though there is still a lack of building information, the model has already several applications in the definition a floor plan layout and in the comparison of several instances of the design solution in the 3D user view. User-driven modifications are not made directly through the 3D model, but through different explicit text tags that describe each parameter on 2D views -although a real time 3D visualization of the model is also available-. The main findings are discussed as guidelines for further research on the end-user involvement on a ‘creative mass customization’ scheme. Also, the implementation of visual aids such as text tags during the customization process can bridge some technical obstacles for the development of interfaces for constraint-based mass customization systems. Before the final discussion, some limitations on the use of this model are described.
keywords	collaborative design, mass customization, reality gap
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	ecaade2016_011
id	ecaade2016_011
authors	Vella, Irina Miodragovic and Kotnik, Toni
year	2016
title	Geometric Versatility of Abeille Vault - A Stereotomic Topological Interlocking Assembly
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2016.2.391
source	Herneoja, Aulikki; Toni Österlund and Piia Markkanen (eds.), Complexity & Simplicity - Proceedings of the 34th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, 22-26 August 2016, pp. 391-397
summary	The Abeille flat vault, patented at the end of 17th century, consists of identical ashlars arranged in a woven-like pattern that generates their interlocking mutual support. In recent years, the availability of digital design and fabrication tools has caused new interest in the Abeille vault. Several studies investigate the interlocking principles through their application onto non-planar assemblies. This paper is a is a more systematic exploration into the underlying geometric interdependencies behind interlocking principles. It approaches the Abeille vault as a topological interlocking assembly (TIA), an assembly where basic identical elements of a special shape are arranged in such a way that the whole structure can be held together by boundary constraint, while locally the elements are kept in place by kinematic constrains imposed through the shape and mutual arrangement of the elements. The paper looks at the full potential of the Abeille vault application and studies the relation between the surface geometry and TIA
wos	WOS:000402064400038
keywords	stereotomy; Abeille vault; topological interlocking
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	e450
authors	Veloso, M. (et al)
year	1997
title	Rationale-Supported Mixed-Initiative Case-Based Planning
source	Proceedings of IAAI-97
summary	Mixed initiative planning envisions a framework in which automated and human planners interact to jointly construct plans that satisfy specific objectives. In this paper, we report on our work engineering a robust mixedinitiative planning system. Human planners rely strongly on past planning experience to generate new plans. ForMAT is a casebased system that supports human planning through the accumulation of userbuilt plans, querydriven browsing of past plans, and several plan functionality analysis primitives. Prodigy/Analogy is an automated AI planner that combines generative and casebased planning. Stored plans are annotated with plan rationale and reuse involves adaptation driven by this rationale. Our system, MICBP, integrates ForMAT and Prodigy/Analogy into a realtime messagepassing mixedinitiative planning system. The main technical approach consists of allowing the user to specify and link objectives that enable the system to capture and reuse plan rationale. We present MICBP and its concrete application to the domain of military force deployment planning. This synergistic system increases the planning efficiency of human planners through automated suggestion of similar past plans and plausible plan modifications.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	a33d
authors	Veloso, M., Mulvehill A. and Cox, M.
year	1997
title	Rationale-supported mixed-initiative case-based planning
source	Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence, pp. 1072-1077
summary	Mixedinitiative planning envisions a framework in which automated and human planners interact to jointly construct plans that satisfy specific objectives. In this paper, we report on our work engineering a robust mixedinitiative planning system. Human planners rely strongly on past planning experience to generate new plans. ForMAT is a casebased system that supports human planning through the accumulation of userbuilt plans, querydriven browsing of past plans, and several plan functionality analysis primitives. Prodigy/Analogy is an automated AI planner that combines generative and casebased planning. Stored plans are annotated with plan rationale and reuse involves adaptation driven by this rationale. Our system, MICBP, integrates ForMAT and Prodigy/Analogy into a realtime messagepassing mixedinitiative planning system. The main technical approach consists of allowing the user to specify and link objectives that enable the system to capture and reuse plan rationale. We present MICBP and its concrete application to the domain of military force deployment planning. This synergistic system increases the planning efficiency of human planners through automated suggestion of similar past plans and plausible plan modifications.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	ecaade2020_093
id	ecaade2020_093
authors	Veloso, Pedro and Krishnamurti, Ramesh
year	2020
title	An Academy of Spatial Agents - Generating spatial configurations with deep reinforcement learning
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2020.2.191
source	Werner, L and Koering, D (eds.), Anthropologic: Architecture and Fabrication in the cognitive age - Proceedings of the 38th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 16-18 September 2020, pp. 191-200
summary	Agent-based models rely on decentralized decision making instantiated in the interactions between agents and the environment. In the context of generative design, agent-based models can enable decentralized geometric modelling, provide partial information about the generative process, and enable fine-grained interaction. However, the existing agent-based models originate from non-architectural problems and it is not straight-forward to adapt them for spatial design. To address this, we introduce a method to create custom spatial agents that can satisfy architectural requirements and support fine-grained interaction using multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MADRL). We focus on a proof of concept where agents control spatial partitions and interact in an environment (represented as a grid) to satisfy custom goals (shape, area, adjacency, etc.). This approach uses double deep Q-network (DDQN) combined with a dynamic convolutional neural-network (DCNN). We report an experiment where trained agents generalize their knowledge to different settings, consistently explore good spatial configurations, and quickly recover from perturbations in the action selection.
keywords	space planning; agent-based model; interactive generative systems; artificial intelligence; multi-agent deep reinforcement learning
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	ijac201412402
id	ijac201412402
authors	Veloso, Pedro L. A.
year	2014
title	Cybernetic diagrams: design strategies for an open game
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 12 - no. 4, 379-398
summary	This paper investigates the use of diagrams related to cybernetics and information theory in experimental design practices in the 1960s and 1970s.Those diagrams are investigated in light of Vile_m Flusser’s concept of game, which mediates the modus operandi of computers and possible strategies for design based on distributed cognition.The research adopts the interpretative method to analyze the diagram proposed by cyberneticist Gordon Pask for Fun Palace, the diagrams produced by utopian architect Yona Friedman in the conceptual description of the Flatwriter program and Christopher Alexander’s diagrams for his theories of Synthesis of Form and Pattern Language. In the end, it establishes a brief parallel between current debates of computational design with the cybernetic diagrams, highlighting differences in their approach to complexity and design knowledge.
series	journal
last changed	2019/05/24 09:55

_id	caadria2022_90
id	caadria2022_90
authors	Veloso, Pedro, Rhee, Jinmo, Bidgoli, Ardavan and Ladron de Guevara, Manuel
year	2022
title	Bubble2Floor: A Pedagogical Experience With Deep Learning for Floor Plan Generation
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.1.373
source	Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 373-382
summary	This paper reports a pedagogical experience that incorporates deep learning to design in the context of a recently created course at the Carnegie Mellon University School of Architecture. It analyses an exercise called Bubble2Floor (B2F), where students design floor plans for a multi-story row-house complex. The pipeline for B2F includes a parametric workflow to synthesise an image dataset with pairs of apartment floor plans and corresponding bubble diagrams, a modified Pix2Pix model that maps bubble diagrams to floor plan diagrams, and a computer vision workflow to translate images to the geometric model. In this pedagogical research, we provide a series of observations on challenges faced by students and how they customised different elements of B2F, to address their personal preferences and problem constraints of the housing complex as well as the obstacles from the computational workflow. Based on these observations, we conclude by emphasising the importance of training architects to be active agents in the creation of deep learning workflows and make them accessible for socially relevant and constrained design problems, such as housing.
keywords	Architectural Pedagogy, Deep Learning, Conditional GAN, Space Planning, Floor Plan, SDG 4, SDG 9
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/07/22 07:34

_id	sigradi2011_115
id	sigradi2011_115
authors	Veloso, Pedro
year	2011
title	Cultura aumentada ou substituída? Distinções entre o arquiteto-ferramenta e o arquiteto-aparelho eletrônico [Culture augmented or substituted? Distinctions between the tool-architect and the robot-architect]
source	SIGraDi 2011 [Proceedings of the 15th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Argentina - Santa Fe 16-18 November 2011, pp. 52-55
summary	This article investigates the notion of an augmented architectural design culture elapsed of the digital revolution. Based on analytical categories proposed by the philosopher VilémFlusser it compares two systems of creative production (the tool-architect and the robot-architect), establishing new perspectives on the architectural design supported by computers. Thereafter, it identifies in the digital design agenda the overvaluation of the generative techniques over the psycho-physiological capacity of man. Lastly, the article discusses Flusser's theories to present the risks and limitations of a design practice determined by the digital techniques.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 10:02

_id	ascaad2016_012
id	ascaad2016_012
authors	Veloso, Pedro; Ramesh Krishnamurti
year	2016
title	On Slime Molds and Corridors - The application of network design algorithms to connect architectural arrangements
source	Parametricism Vs. Materialism: Evolution of Digital Technologies for Development [8th ASCAAD Conference Proceedings ISBN 978-0-9955691-0-2] London (United Kingdom) 7-8 November 2016, pp. 95-104
summary	The use of adjacency graphs to represent and generate architectural arrangements tends to favor direct connections between contiguous rooms. These disregard specialized circulatory systems (such as corridors), which consider connections between non-contiguous spatial units or accesses. This paper addresses two specific issues: (1) how to represent a circulation network for a specific access/adjacency graph embedding; and (2) how to design good circulatory solutions for the arrangement that optimizes this network. To represent a complete circulation network, we propose a scheme, an adapted straight skeleton, based on the boundaries of the spatial units. To design possible circulation alternatives, we adopt the Slime Mold model (Tero et al., 2006; 2007). Using this model, we develop an original method, termed Adjacency Graph Selection (AGS), to generate circulation solutions for arrangements. As an initial test case for AGS, we use floor plan of the Louvre Abu Dhabi, designed by the French architect Jean Nouvel.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2017/05/25 13:31

_id	0ee1
authors	Veness, R. E.
year	1988
title	Bridge Builder: An Expert System for the Design of Non-Equipment Military Bridging
source	Department of Architectural Science, University of Sydney
summary	This thesis describes an expert system for the selection, design and documentation of non-equipment military bridges. The expert system uses the expert system shell BUILD. Extensive use has been made of interfacing between BUILD and Prolog and then by using Prolog's foreign language interface with Pascal procedures and the graphics interface. The expert system, which consists of rules, Pascal procedures and a graphics package, aims at: (a) the determination of the suitable bridging structure; (b) designing a bridge using material constraints; (c) producing a consistent and sound structural design for the bridge and the necessary support structures; (d) producing the necessary working drawings and a bill of materials for the solution. The graphics interface is used to display and manipulate a three dimensional model of the solution and the hardcopy output. [Unpublished. -- CADLINE has abstract only.]
keywords	Military Engineering, Expert Systems, Structures, User Interface, Applications
series	thesis:MSc
last changed	2002/12/14 19:13

_id	sigradi2018_1726
id	sigradi2018_1726
authors	Ventura, Anelise; Varoto, Renato; Cliquet Junior, Alberto
year	2018
title	Wearable Technology: Healthcare Product Design For Participation Of Tetraplegics In Society
source	SIGraDi 2018 [Proceedings of the 22nd Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISSN: 2318-6968] Brazil, São Carlos 7 - 9 November 2018, pp. 894-901
summary	This paper discusses technological and theoretical issues that conform the product design proposal called technological wearable: a system that integrates body and equipment for physical rehabilitation of quadriplegic patients and their participation into society. The relevance of the work is to enhance the malleability and performance efficiency of the current system, through product design with complex surfaces, in addition to its customization and optimization, with the implementation of an open source plug-in, reducing steps and inaccuracies, to give more autonomy to the patient and to generate discussions in the areas that can use the same process.
keywords	Wearable; Healthcare Product Design; Tetraplegia; Complex Surfaces; Optimization
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2021/03/28 19:59

_id	2a67
authors	Venturelli, S., Anastácio, F.C., Sólon da Silva, L., Lira Rojas, J. and Rezende, A.L.
year	2001
title	UMA PROPOSTA DE SISTEMA DE MULTIUSUÁRIO ARTÍSTICO (A Proposal of a Multi-user Artistic System)
source	SIGraDi biobio2001 - [Proceedings of the 5th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics / ISBN 956-7813-12-4] Concepcion (Chile) 21-23 november 2001, pp. 234-236
summary	Kennetic World is an artistic research aiming to create a multi-user interface for cyberspace. It creates a telematic presence allowing the internet users to communicate with others, using their whole body in virtual environments - virtual worlds - changing permanently and also avatars, among other ways to establish dialogues. It may be characterized an open work of art.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 10:02

_id	sigradi2007_af102
id	sigradi2007_af102
authors	Venturelli, Suzete; Mario Luiz Belcino Maciel
year	2007
title	Art and Virtual Reality Research [El arte y la realidad virtual de investigación]
source	SIGraDi 2007 - [Proceedings of the 11th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] México D.F. - México 23-25 October 2007, pp. 393-396
summary	This text describes an art category which draws on the Augmented Reality (AR) Technology, which is capable of inspiring the copulation as well as the interaction, in real time, between images of reality, which might be those of the observer him/herself and the mental images, which might be artistic and generated by a computer. Stemming from the fusion of both types of image, where the former digitalises reality, whereas the latter simulates a three-dimensional image, a third image is obtained, which questions, it might be argued, reality itself. This text revolves around the attempt to demonstrate that AR is deemed a sub-group of Virtual Reality and its process as a whole as well as its imagetic system stems from the knowledge one has of the world, the exactness of reproduction one may attain of it and, finally, from the metaphor of one’s presence in it.
keywords	Art; Augmented Reality Technology; Art and Technology; Virtual Reality; Computer Art
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 10:02

_id	lasg_whitepapers_2016_254
id	lasg_whitepapers_2016_254
authors	Vera Parlac & Branko Kolarevic
year	2016
title	Towards Responsiveness in Architecture
source	Living Architecture Systems Group White Papers 2016 [ISBN 978-1-988366-10-4 (EPUB)] Riverside Architectural Press 2016: Toronto, Canada pp. 254 - 261
summary	Living Architecture Systems Group "White Papers 2016" is a dossier produced for the occasion of the Living Architecture Systems Group launch event and symposium hosted on November 4 and 5 at the Sterling Road Studio in Toronto and the University of Waterloo School of Architecture at Cambridge. The "White Papers 2016" presents research contributions from the LASG partners, forming an overview of the partnership and highlighting oppportunities for future collaborations.
keywords	design, dissipative methods, design methods, synthetic cognition, neuroscience, metabolism, STEAM, organicism, field work, responsive systems, space, visualizations, sensors, actuators, signal flows, art and technology, new media art, digital art, emerging technologies, citizen building, bioinspiration, performance, paradigms, artificial nature, virtual design, regenerative design, 4DSOUND, spatial sound, biomanufacturing, eskin, delueze, bees, robotics
email
last changed	2019/07/29 14:02

_id	4b50
authors	Vera, A., Kvan, T., West, R. and Lai, S.
year	1998
title	Expertise, Collaboration and Bandwidth Usability of Groupware
source	Proceedings of ACM CHI 98 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 1998 v.1 pp. 503-510
summary	This paper describes the results of a study evaluating the effects of computer mediation on collaboratively solving architectural design problems. Pairs of graduate design students were asked to work on a landscape architecture design problem via computer terminals. In one condition they were allowed to communicate with an electronic whiteboard and a chat-line while in the other, the chat-line was substituted with video-conferencing (real-time video and audio). The protocols were evaluated according to two models. First, they were coded according to the pattern of collaboration, distinguishing meta-planning, negotiation, evaluation, and individual work. No differences were found between the two groups when coded this way. The protocols were also coded in terms of the problem-solving content, distinguishing task-related exchanges, interface-related exchanges, low-level design exchanges, and high-level design exchanges. The results showed that in the bandwidth-limited chat-line condition, participants cut down task and interface-related as well as low-level design exchanges but attempted to maintain the same amount of high-level design exchanges. When the final designs were evaluated by professional architects, no differences were found between two conditions indicating that chat-line participants implicitly compensate for the narrower bandwidth interface.
keywords	Cognitive Models; Expertise; Collaboration; CSCW
series	other
last changed	2002/07/07 16:01

_id	581f
authors	Vera, A., Kvan, Th., West, R. and Lai, S.
year	1998
title	Expertise and collaborative design
source	CHI’98 Conference Proceedings. Los Angeles: ACM, 1998, pp. 503-510
summary	This paper describes the results of a study evaluating the effects of computer mediation on collaboratively solving architectural design problems. Pairs of graduate design students were asked to work on a landscape architecture design problem via computer terminals. In one condition they were allowed to communicate with an electronic whiteboard and a chat-line while in the other; the chat-line was substituted with video-conferencing (real-time video and audio). The protocols were evaluated according to two models. First; they were coded according to the pattern of collaboration; distinguishing meta-planning; negotiation; evaluation; and individual work. No differences were found between the two groups when coded this way. The protocols were also coded in terms of the problem-solving content; distinguishing task-related exchanges; interface-related exchanges; low-level design exchanges; and high-level design exchanges. The results showed that in the bandwidth-limited chat-line condition; participants cut down task and interface-related as well as low-level design exchanges but attempted to maintain the same amount of high-level design exchanges. When the final designs were evaluated by professional architects; no differences were found between two conditions indicating that chat-line participants implicitly compensate for the narrower bandwidth interface.
keywords	Cognitive Models; Expertise; Collaboration; CSCW
series	other
email
last changed	2002/11/15 18:29

_id	sigradi2022_86
id	sigradi2022_86
authors	Veras, Jordanna; Alves-Silva, Felix
year	2022
title	Augmented Reality Assessment for the Production of a Virtual Design Construction Model With BIM
source	Herrera, PC, Dreifuss-Serrano, C, Gómez, P, Arris-Calderon, LF, Critical Appropriations - Proceedings of the XXVI Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2022), Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, 7-11 November 2022 , pp. 787–798
summary	The use of BIM combined with Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) technologies allows the development of Virtual Design Construction (VDC). However, such application isn’t widespread in construction sites, which have their management and control performed in a traditional way. With this research, 05 applications were mapped that allow the use of BIM in conjunction with AR, listing the main uses of each application, and finally, an experiment was carried out on the use of AR on a construction site. The integration of BIM with RA makes it possible for the project manager to have the project information in loco. This context allows to collect and share construction information at the site during the building process.
keywords	BIM Adoption, Augmented Reality(RA), Virtual Design Constrution (VDC), Construction Industry
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2023/05/16 16:57

_id	f326
authors	Verbeke, J. , Achten, H. , Provoost, T. , Verleye, J. , Nys, K. , Pittioni, G. , Asanowicz, A. , Jakimowicz, A. , af Klercker, J. , Zutphen, R. and Turksma, A.
year	2000
title	AVOCAAD - A Framework and Website for Teaching CAAD
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2000.101
source	Promise and Reality: State of the Art versus State of Practice in Computing for the Design and Planning Process [18th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-6-5] Weimar (Germany) 22-24 June 2000, pp. 101-104
summary	This paper presents an overview of a framework for online teaching of the creative use of CAAD in the early stages of design that has been developed in the AVOCAAD project.
keywords	AVOCAAD, CAAD, Creativity, Pedagogy, LLL, ODL
series	eCAADe
email
more	http://www.uni-weimar.de/ecaade/
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

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