CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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Hits 1 to 20 of 673

_id cf2003_m_001
id cf2003_m_001
authors CHEVRIER, Christine and PERRIN, Jean Pierre
year 2003
title ModLum - Illumination Project Aided Design Tool
source Digital Design - Research and Practice [Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 1-4020-1210-1] Tainan (Taiwan) 13–15 October 2003, pp. 361-370
summary Illumination phenomena simulation is important for architectural project design and communication: simulation tools must assist efficiently the designer; results have to be reliable and realistic for the decision-makers. Indeed, it is very difficult, for a nonspecialist to imagine the result of an illumination from the light designer plans. Experience shows that the success of a photo-realistic simulation relies essentially on the choice of the light source characteristics and their correct positioning in the scene. This paper first presents the specificities of illumination projects (very large geometrical data bases enlightened by a large amount of light sources) and the difficulties of their set-up. Light arrangement requires tricky compositions, judicious choices and accurate studies. Currently there is no specific modeller for the handling of light sources as they are considered in radiosity software. Then we present the interactive tool we have developed, named ModLum, in order to set up light sources in a 3D architectural model in order to save time during the design step and simplify the source handling. ModLum specifications and principles are presented. Finally, an application is presented: the illumination project of two cloisters in Quito (Ecuador, South America).
keywords architecture, lighting, simulation
series CAAD Futures
last changed 2003/09/22 12:21

_id caadria2003_c3-2
id caadria2003_c3-2
authors Parisel, C., Revez, J., Tidafi, T. and De Paoli, G.
year 2003
title Computer Modeling as a Means of Reflexion In Archaeology. A New Epigraphic and Architectural Approach Applied to a Monument Registered on the World Heritage List.
source CAADRIA 2003 [Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 974-9584-13-9] Bangkok Thailand 18-20 October 2003, pp. 457-474
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2003.457
summary Purpose of this paper is to present the first promising results of an ongoing research program that is part of a larger multi-year project carried out by the Computer Aided Design Research Group (GRCAO) of the UniversitÈ de MontrÈal, in order to define new methods of archaeological restitution using computer-aided means. This novel approach involves a redefinition of surveying techniques, data processing and knowledge-based thinking in disciplines such as epigraphy and architecture. As its chosen field of investigation, the GRCAO is using the Egyptian temple of Karnak, a monument on the UNESCO World Heritage list that is of considerable historical importance. This impressive archaeological site serves as an excellent case study and testing ground for the project, since it underwent tremendous and complex architectural transformations in the course of its two thousand year-long history.
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 08:00

_id sigradi2006_c048c
id sigradi2006_c048c
authors Bruscato Portella, Underléa
year 2006
title I+D _ Ideación Digital en la Arquitectura Actual [I+D_Digital ideas in contemporary architecture]
source SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 258-262
summary Based on study of recent projects develop by reputed architectural firms, this paper reviews the role of digital techniques in the conception of design, describing mainly the proposals for Philarmonic Orchestra of Copenhagen by Jean Nouvel and the Harbour of Tenerife by Herzog and De Meuron, Both projects state innovative architectural concepts with diverse graphic resources. Digital media is not used as a specific tool, but as an integrated repertoire related to design issues, Image processing, photo-collages, 3D modelling, renderings, colored layouts and graphic sequences are applied to explore novelty shapes, spatial qualities, functional arrangements and constructive strategies. In these cases computer technologies are participating in design generation supporting overall architectural creativity. In order to benefit from new design media that approach express the relevance of firms' culture related to innovation and development (I+D).
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id 2006_290
id 2006_290
authors Cenani, Sehnaz and Gulen Cagdas
year 2006
title Shape Grammar of Geometric Islamic Ornaments
source Communicating Space(s) [24th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-5-9] Volos (Greece) 6-9 September 2006, pp. 290-297
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2006.290
summary Shape grammars are the algorithmic systems used to analyze existing designs or create new ones. In spite of using text or symbols to express abstract representations, shape grammars aid to create novel designs through computational effort with shapes and rules. Many probabilities of rule selections and applications of these rules may generate emergent design solutions or create new design objectives. This paper aims to present the characteristics, shape grammar rules and historical background of geometrical ornaments in Islamic culture and to point out the possibilities of mathematics of symmetry. The knowledge presented in this paper can be used to generate new depictions and to gain new application areas like typography, wallpaper, landscape, façade design, tiling, jewelry, and textile designs. Even, these types of shape grammar studies can be used to open a novel approach as in Jean Nouvel’s “Arab World Institute” in Paris. The role of shape grammar analysis of geometrical Islamic ornaments explained in this paper is to increase the efficiency of architectural design education by facilitating the formal understanding of historical patterns. Novel use of shape grammars in education can enrich the designer’s ability to generate original designs. In this paper variants of Islamic ornaments are created with a CAAD program. A selected geometrical bezeme (ornament) from Islamic ornamental design is generated by encoding with a computer programming language. According to the generated bezeme, interaction scenario is as follows: Computer has the main control over grammar application. Only, some of the rules can be selected by the user. Varieties of this ornament are generated randomly through their line weight, line colors, filling types and filling colors. The shape grammar rules outlined in this paper are simple, but the resulting figures can be very inspiring. Furthermore, the endless potential for future design innovations is unlimited.
keywords Computer-generated geometrical design; shape grammar rules; geometrical Islamic ornaments; Islamic patterns
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:55

_id ecaade2009_064
id ecaade2009_064
authors Delaveau, Anne-Sophie; Guéna, François; Lecourtois, Caroline
year 2009
title Digital as a Tool/Reference for Architectural Conception: Examples from Two Agencies: Ateliers Jean Nouvel and Jakob+MacFarlane
source Computation: The New Realm of Architectural Design [27th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-8-9] Istanbul (Turkey) 16-19 September 2009, pp. 197-204
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2009.197
wos WOS:000334282200024
summary This paper aims at specifying how ‘digital’ acts in contemporary architectural design. On that purpose, and in an a priori manner, we will formulate hypotheses of concepts able to translate the specificities of digital design. In this research paper, we beg the question that the ‘digital culture’ may influence the architects in two manners: in design operation and in references. The conceptual tools will be given by architecturology, and our hypotheses will be illustrated with examples of two French firms (Ateliers Jean Nouvel, Jakob+MacFarlane).
keywords Design, digital, space of reference, metonymic reference, metaphoric reference
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:55

_id 5bc7
authors Prestinenza, Luigi
year 1999
title Hyperarchitecture: Spaces in the Electronic Age
source Birkhauser
summary In an age dominated by the Internet and electronic media it is becoming increasingly clear that our perception of space is also undergoing a profound transformation. The author takes the reader on a fascinating journey, revealing who has played a part in this transformation. Avant-garde artists, including Boccioni, Duchamp and Kandinsky, the architect Gropius, philosophers such as Wittgenstein and psychoanalysts like Carl Gustav Jung all contributed to this development. Today, our awareness of traditional architectural space is changing; buildings are being rendered transparent, fleeting and intangible, enhanced by virtual potential. The author looks at works by Rem Koolhaas, Jean Nouvel, Frank Gehry, Zaha Hadid, James Wines, Daniel Libeskind, Toyo Ito, which reflect building in an age of virtual realism.
series other
last changed 2003/04/23 15:14

_id 8401
authors Puglisi, Luigi P.
year 1999
title Hyper Architecture. Spaces in the Electronic Age
source Birkhauser Basel. p. 6
summary In an age dominated by the Internet and electronic media it is becoming increasingly clear that our perception of space is also undergoing a profound transformation. The author takes the reader on a fascinating journey, revealing who has played a part in this transformation. Avant-garde artists, including Boccioni, Duchamp and Kandinsky, the architect Gropius, philosophers such as Wittgenstein and psychoanalysts like Carl Gustav Jung all contributed to this development. Today, our awareness of traditional architectural space is changing; buildings are being rendered transparent, fleeting and intangible, enhanced by virtual potential. The author looks at works by Rem Koolhaas, Jean Nouvel, Frank Gehry, Zaha Hadid, James Wines, Daniel Libeskind, Toyo Ito, which reflect building in an age of virtual realism.
series other
last changed 2003/04/23 15:14

_id ecaade2023_209
id ecaade2023_209
authors Salem, Islam, Abdelmohsen, Sherif and Mansour, Yasser
year 2023
title Coupling Non-planar Robotic Clay Deposition with Multipoint Forming to Optimize the Manufacturing of Double Curved Façade Panels
source Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 499–508
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.499
summary Architects working on complex building geometries continually seek innovative processes to allow for feasible and cost-effective construction. The mass customization of double curved building façade panels has been specifically challenging regarding surface continuity, panel accuracy and waste reduction. With advanced digital design and fabrication tools, architectural firms such as ZHA, Gehry Technologies, and Atelier Jean Nouvel have been pushing the limits to achieve enhanced building envelope manufacturing solutions. Current research in materially-informed design-to-robotic production (D2RP) explores the impact of robotic fabrication on enhancing production practices. Several panel manufacturing methods have been proposed such as stretch bending, die forming, hydroforming, single and multipoint forming, the most successful being hybrid methods like multipoint stretch forming. In developing countries, the challenge of utilizing such materials and tools is amplified. In this paper, we introduce a method that couples the non-planar robotic deposition of clay as a material characterized by its longevity, reduced heat transfer, low cost, low maintenance lightweight and local abundance, with multipoint forming to optimize the manufacturing of double curved façade panels in hot arid climates. A 6-axis robotic arm was used to produce multiple functionally double-curved panels by depositing clay in a non-planar fashion and normal to the surface of a multipoint forming machine that was designed and manufactured using 3D printed movable actuators to create adaptive molds. A workflow was developed using Grasshopper for develop a streamlined coupling between the rapid code for the robotic simulation and depositing, and the multipoint forming synchronized actuator movement per clay panel, based on a given full building façade geometry. The resulting double-curved facade panels were optimized structurally, materially, and spatially, and were shown to significantly reduce material waste with low environmental impact and accelerated rate of double-curved panel production.
keywords Clay 3D Printing, Robotic Fabrication, Multipoint Forming, Robotic Material Deposition, Mass Customization, Double Curved Façade Panels, Adaptive Molds
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2023/12/10 10:49

_id cf2009_786
id cf2009_786
authors Tourre, Vincent; Miguet, Francis
year 2009
title A light-based parametric design model: The application of the inverse lighting in the design of the Louvre Abu Dhabi museum
source T. Tidafi and T. Dorta (eds) Joining Languages, Cultures and Visions: CAADFutures 2009, PUM, 2009, pp. 786- 799
summary The use of a design tool materializing the performative design concept is presented. The association of parametric design with lighting intentions leads to a light-based parametric design approach. This approach have been implemented through an inverse natural lighting model which is intended to aid the daylight design (windows, shading devices or others) in the early stages of architectural design. We show this model can be used in a performative design approach to define the transparency property through a case study: the dome of the Louvre Abu Dhabi museum by Ateliers Jean Nouvel.
keywords Natural lighting, inverse lighting, parametric design, case study
series CAAD Futures
email
last changed 2009/06/08 20:53

_id ascaad2016_012
id ascaad2016_012
authors Veloso, Pedro; Ramesh Krishnamurti
year 2016
title On Slime Molds and Corridors - The application of network design algorithms to connect architectural arrangements
source Parametricism Vs. Materialism: Evolution of Digital Technologies for Development [8th ASCAAD Conference Proceedings ISBN 978-0-9955691-0-2] London (United Kingdom) 7-8 November 2016, pp. 95-104
summary The use of adjacency graphs to represent and generate architectural arrangements tends to favor direct connections between contiguous rooms. These disregard specialized circulatory systems (such as corridors), which consider connections between non-contiguous spatial units or accesses. This paper addresses two specific issues: (1) how to represent a circulation network for a specific access/adjacency graph embedding; and (2) how to design good circulatory solutions for the arrangement that optimizes this network. To represent a complete circulation network, we propose a scheme, an adapted straight skeleton, based on the boundaries of the spatial units. To design possible circulation alternatives, we adopt the Slime Mold model (Tero et al., 2006; 2007). Using this model, we develop an original method, termed Adjacency Graph Selection (AGS), to generate circulation solutions for arrangements. As an initial test case for AGS, we use floor plan of the Louvre Abu Dhabi, designed by the French architect Jean Nouvel.
series ASCAAD
email
last changed 2017/05/25 13:31

_id sigradi2003_020
id sigradi2003_020
authors Abarca, R., Díaz, S. and Moreno, S.
year 2003
title Desarrollo de material informatico-educativo para la enseñanza de la geometría a estudiantes de diseño (Development of IT-based educational material for the teaching of geometry to students of design)
source SIGraDi 2003 - [Proceedings of the 7th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Rosario Argentina 5-7 november 2003
summary This paper is born as an answer to the meaningful learning difficulties and academic performance in Spatial and Flat Geometry course on second year Design School at Universidad de las Americas University, Santiago de Chile. The problem is faced from the potentiality that digital environment gives us in representation, display options, shape and projection testing, analysis and non visual accounts to teach flat and spatial geometry within the receptors' codes and coherent with designer's own language.
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id 50b1
authors Abbasov, A.M. and Mamedova, M.H.
year 2003
title Application of fuzzy time series to population forecasting
source CORP 2003, Vienna University of Technology, 25.2.-28.2.2003 [Proceedings on CD-Rom]
summary The potential of fuzzy logic application in simulating of demographic processes by the example of population forecasting task hasbeen investigated. The particularities of population as dynamical system functioning under the condition of uncertainty have beenexamined and fuzzy statement problem has been suggested. The strategy of population forecasting using the method of fuzzy timeseries model has been proposed. The simulations on retrospective evaluation of population are carried out and on the base of the results of these simulations the conclusion avocet the effectiveness of utilization of fuzzy model for demographic forecasting has been model.
series other
last changed 2003/11/21 15:15

_id cf2003_m_006
id cf2003_m_006
authors ACHTEN, Henri and JESSURUN, Joran
year 2003
title Learning From Mah Jong - Towards a Multi-Agent System that can Recognize Graphic Units
source Digital Design - Research and Practice [Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 1-4020-1210-1] Tainan (Taiwan) 13–15 October 2003, pp. 115-124
summary Sketching is a major means of exploiting the first conceptual developments in architectural design. If we want to support the architect in the ideas-developing phase of design, then we need to understand the conventions of depiction and encoding in drawings. The theory of graphic units provides an extended list of such conventions that are widely used. We propose that a multi-agent system for recognition of graphic units in drawings is fruitful: agents can specialize in graphic units, a multi-agent system can deal with ambiguity through negotiation and conflict resolution, and multi-agent systems function in dynamically changing environments. We first make a multi-agent system that can do something simpler: playing Mah Jong solitary. The Mah Jong solitary system shares the following important features with a multi-agent system that can recognize graphic units: (1) specialized agents for moves; (2) negotiation between agents to establish the best move; (3) dynamically changing environment; and (4) search activity in more advanced strategies. The paper presents the theoretical basis of graphic units and multi-agents systems. The multi-agent framework and its implementation is presented. Various levels of game play are distinguished, and these are correlated to the multi-agent system. The paper shows how the findings form the basis for graphic unit recognition.
keywords artificial intelligence, games, graphic units, agents
series CAAD Futures
email
last changed 2003/11/22 16:39

_id ecaade03_269_43_achten
id ecaade03_269_43_achten
authors Achten, Henri and Joosen, Gijs
year 2003
title The Digital Design Process - Reflections on a Single Design Case
source Digital Design [21th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-1-6] Graz (Austria) 17-20 September 2003, pp. 269-274
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2003.269
summary CAD tools are increasing their expressive and geometric power to enable a design process in which the computer model can be used throughout the whole design process for realizing the design. Such a process, in which other media such as physical scale models or drawings are no longer required by necessity to facilitate the design process, can be considered a digital design process. Rather than proposing that such a process is ideal – drawings and scale models should not be discarded – we feel that when taken as a starting point, the digital design process raises a number of new challenges to architectural design that deserve attention. These challenges concern the basic activities in design: exploration of the problem space, creating preliminary solutions, understanding consequences of design decisions, and so forth. In this paper we take the concrete design case of a graduation project that was developed from the start solely in CAD. We identify a number of key issues in that process such as continuous modeling, the model as design, continuous pliability, localized focus, and postponed decision. These issues not only have a technical, CAD-related aspect, but also are connected to architectural design. Most of these aspects are subject of contemporary debate in architectural design. On this basis, we can indicate where CAD is making a potential difference in architectural design.
keywords Digital design, CAAD
series eCAADe
email
more http://www.ds.arch.tue.nl/General/Staff/henri
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id ijac20031103
id ijac20031103
authors Achten, Henri H.
year 2003
title New Design Methods for Computer Aided Architectural Design Methodology Teaching
source International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 1 - no. 1
summary Architects and architectural students are exploring new ways of design using Computer Aided Architectural Design software. This exploration is seldom backed up from a design methodological viewpoint. In this paper, a design methodological framework for reflection on innovate design processes by architects that has been used in an educational setting is introduced.The framework leads to highly specific, weak design methods, that clarify the use of the computer in the design process.The framework allows students to grasp new developments, use them in their own design work, and to better reflect on their own position relative to CAAD and architectural design.
series journal
email
more http://www.multi-science.co.uk/ijac.htm
last changed 2007/03/04 07:08

_id ecaade03_369_112_akgun
id ecaade03_369_112_akgun
authors Akgun, Yenal
year 2003
title An Interactive Database (HizmO) for Reconstructing Lost Modernist Izmir:
source Digital Design [21th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-1-6] Graz (Austria) 17-20 September 2003, pp. 369-372
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2003.369
summary The research project in progress in the School of Architecture at the Izmir Institute of Technology includes documentation and reconstruction (by 3D modeling in electronic media) of damaged and lost early modern buildings in the Izmir region. The research aims to analyze the differences between Izmir modern buildings and Universal Modern Style, and preserve information on architectural heritage for future generations. The project is at the phase of developing an interactive web-based historical database (HizmO) that includes data (information, images, technical drawings, VRML models) and visualization of the findings. This database aims to be a pioneer in Mediterranean Region for exhibition of relations between traditional architecture (especially Mediterranean locality) and modernism, and organization of a network and off-campus learning activity for Mediterranean architecture that serve as a guide for students, researchers and architects. This paper aims at introducing this research and discussing the application of the database “HizmO,” its aims and potential effects on education in architectural history.
keywords E-learning, educational database, architectural history, VRML
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id ascaad2004_paper12
id ascaad2004_paper12
authors Al-Qawasmi, Jamal
year 2004
title Reflections on e-Design: The e-Studio Experience
source eDesign in Architecture: ASCAAD's First International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design, 7-9 December 2004, KFUPM, Saudi Arabia
summary The influence of digital media and information technology on architectural design education and practice is increasingly evident. The practice and learning of architecture is increasingly aided by and dependant on digital media. Digital technologies not only provide new production methods, but also expand our abilities to create, explore, manipulate and compose space. In contemporary design education, there is a continuous demand to deliver new skills in digital media and to rethink architectural design education in the light of the new developments in digital technology. During the academic years 2001-2003, I had the chance to lead the efforts to promote an effective use of digital media for design education at Department of Architecture, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST). Architectural curriculum at JUST dedicated much time for teaching computing skills. However, in this curriculum, digital media was taught in the form of "software use" education. In this context, digital media is perceived and used mainly as a presentation tool. Furthermore, Computer Aided Architectural Design and architectural design are taught in separate courses without interactions between the two.
series ASCAAD
email
last changed 2007/04/08 19:47

_id caadria2003_c2-4
id caadria2003_c2-4
authors Al-Sallal, Khaled A.
year 2003
title Integrating Energy Design Into Caad Tools: Theoretical Limits and Potentials
source CAADRIA 2003 [Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 974-9584-13-9] Bangkok Thailand 18-20 October 2003, pp. 323-340
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2003.323
summary The study is part of a research aims to establish theoretical grounds essential for the development of user efficient design tools for energy-conscious architectural design, based on theories in human factors of intelligent interfaces, problem solving, and architectural design. It starts by reviewing the shortcomings of the current energy design tools, from both architectural design and human factor points of view. It discusses the issues of energy integration with design from three different points of view: architectural, problem-solving, and human factors. It evaluates theoretically the potentials and limitations of the current approaches and technologies in artificial intelligence toward achieving the notion "integrating energy design knowledge into the design process" in practice and education based on research in the area of problem solving and human factors and usability concerns. The study considers the user interface model that is based on the cognitive approach and can be implemented by the hierarchical structure and the object-oriented model, as a promising direction for future development. That is because this model regards the user as the center of the design tool. However, there are still limitations that require extensive research in both theoretical and implementation directions. At the end, the study concludes by discussing the important points for future research.
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id sigradi2005_731
id sigradi2005_731
authors Albornoz Delgado, Humberto Ángel; Laura Talía Escalante Rodríguez, Leticia Gallegos Cazares
year 2005
title Didactic Design: light and optics for preschool level
source SIGraDi 2005 - [Proceedings of the 9th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Lima - Peru 21-24 november 2005, vol. 2, pp. 731-737
summary Since 2003, we have been developing a pedagogic proposal and didactic material for teaching Light and Optics to kindergarden children that enhances the construction of the first scientific thinking schemes. The design (industrial and graphic) applied to this project has generated an educational product composed of 44 objects. These materials allow teaching concepts such as: combination of colors, light indispensable to see, formation of shadows and images are not objects. These have been developed as inciters of curiosity, capable to awake the innate restlessness of children, achieving to stimulate their creativity. The purpose is to explore knowledge and construct their own ideas; enrich their experiences and inquire a reality that was drawn grey and tedious, generating a process of manipulation-action and then representation-conceptualization. This product has been successfully used as a pilot test in a kindergarden, reflecting significant gains in students’ science learning. [Full paper in Spanish]
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id avocaad_2003_09
id avocaad_2003_09
authors Alexander Asanowicz
year 2003
title Form Follows Media - Experiences of Bialystok School of Architectural Composition
source LOCAL VALUES in a NETWORKED DESIGN WORLD - ADDED VALUE OF COMPUTER AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, Stellingwerff, Martijn and Verbeke, Johan (Eds.), (2004) DUP Science - Delft University Press, ISBN 90-407-2507-1.
summary This paper considers transition from physical modelling to digital methods of the creation of architectural forms. Every type of creation has constructed the proper means of expression and its own methodology. The main thesis of this paper is that a specific character of the composition activity of an architect is determined by the modelling methods. As the research on architectural modelling, the two methods of creating spatial architectural forms (cardboard model and computer model) have been compared. Research has been done on the basis of the same exercise for both media. The process of creation proceeded in the same way, too. As the start point students have found the inspiration. Each student presented photos of existing architectural objects and a text, which explained the reasons of the choice. Next steps were sketches of the idea and realisation of the model. The achieved results of creative activity fully confirm the thesis of the research.
keywords Architecture, Local values, Globalisation, Computer Aided Architectural Design
series AVOCAAD
email
last changed 2006/01/16 21:38

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