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_id ddss2006-hb-467
id DDSS2006-HB-467
authors A. Fatah gen. Schieck, A. Penn, V. Kostakos, E. O'Neill, T. Kindberg, D. Stanton Fraser, and T. Jones
year 2006
title Design Tools for Pervasive Computing in Urban Environments
source Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Innovations in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Springer, ISBN-10: 1-4020-5059-3, ISBN-13: 978-1-4020-5059-6, p. 467-486
summary In this paper we report on ongoing research in which the implications of urban scale pervasive computing (always and everywhere present) are investigated for urban life and urban design in the heritage environment of the city of Bath. We explore a theoretical framework for understanding and designing pervasive systems as an integral part of the urban landscape. We develop a framework based on Hillier's Space Syntax theories and Kostakos' PSP framework which encompasses the analysis of space and spatial patterns, alongside the consideration of personal, social and public interaction spaces to capture the complex relationship between pervasive systems, urban space in general and the impact of the deployment of pervasive systems on people's relationships to heritage and to each other. We describe these methodological issues in detail before giving examples from early studies of the types of result we are beginning to find.
keywords Urban space, Pervasive systems, Urban computing, Space Syntax, Interaction space
series DDSS
last changed 2006/08/29 12:55
_id 2006_106
id 2006_106
authors Achten, Henri
year 2006
title Feature clusters for online recognition of graphic units in drawings
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2006.106
source Communicating Space(s) [24th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-5-9] Volos (Greece) 6-9 September 2006, pp. 106-112
summary Automated recognition of sketch drawings can provide the means for a natural interface between the designer and a design support system. Sketch drawing recognition is knowledge-intensive in the sense that the system must know what to look for in a drawing. In earlier work, we identified 24 different types of representations, termed graphic units. For recognition of graphic units we combine a multi-agent approach and online recognition. Each agent is specialised for one graphic unit. It continuously parses the online input stream for stroke features that fall within its scope. When an agent-specific threshold is reached, the agent puts a claim. Each agent has a specific cluster of features that can be viewed as distributed over a decision tree. The activation pattern of feature clusters over the decision tree is an indication which graphic unit is likely to be identified by the system. In this paper, we present the exhaustive set of features for agents and a binary decision tree over which the features are distributed.
keywords Image recognition; sketches; graphic units; feature-based modelling
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54
_id ddss2006-pb-101
id DDSS2006-PB-101
authors Aloys W.J. Borgers, I.M.E. Smeets, A.D.A.M. Kemperman, and H.J.P. Timmermans
year 2006
title Simulation of Micro Pedestrian Behaviour in Shopping Streets
source Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Progress in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Eindhoven: Eindhoven University of Technology, ISBN-10: 90-386-1756-9, ISBN-13: 978-90-386-1756-5, p. 101-116
summary Over the years, scholars have developed various models of pedestrian movement. These models can be used to assess the effects of detailed design decisions or to predict pedestrian behaviour under conditions of crowding. To date, not much attention has been paid to pedestrians' shopping behaviour at the micro level. Therefore, the main purpose of this project is to test a model that aims at simulating micro pedestrian behaviour in shopping streets, including entering shops. The model assumes a detailed network of links to represent the structure of street segments and entrances to the shops. The basic principle underlying the model is that a pedestrian moves from one link in the network to another, adjacent link. In fact, a pedestrian enters a segment at one side, heading for the other side of the segment. However, a pedestrian might enter the segment by leaving a shop as well. Then, the pedestrian might be heading for either side of the segment. While transferring from the current link to the next link, the pedestrian will be attracted by the shops along both sides of the street. The study area is Antwerp's main shopping street. During a one-week workshop in July 2004, students observed pedestrian movement in this shopping street. An inventory of some physical characteristics of the shopping street was made and pedestrians were tracked through two separate segments of the shopping street. In total, 334 pedestrians were tracked. A conventional multinomial logit model is used to simulate pedestrians' micro behaviour. The process of consecutively selecting links continues until the pedestrian has reached one of the terminal links or a shop. The model performs very well. Simulated routes were used to assess the validity of the model. Observed and simulated link loading correspond fairly well, however, the model seems to slightly mispredict the attraction of a number of shops.
keywords Micro pedestrian behaviour, Shopping street, Simulation
series DDSS
last changed 2006/08/29 12:55
_id 2006_526
id 2006_526
authors Anay, Hakan
year 2006
title Creative use of Architectural Precedents in Design Education: A Framework for a Computational Model
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2006.526
source Communicating Space(s) [24th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-5-9] Volos (Greece) 6-9 September 2006, pp. 526-531
summary Present study primarily aims to outline a theoretical framework for developing a computational model towards the creative use of architectural precedents in architectural design education. It departs from a short summary of the critical/formalist approach as the model that we adopt for the studio education, and goes on with a discussion on paradigms or precedents as the containers of knowledge and as the primary focus of the studio model as important elements of architectural design education. Prior to conclusion the study sets three important problem areas concerning the model, from the computational point of view, and investigates them while trying to outline a framework towards a computational model. As a conclusion it proposes two main areas that we can utilize computers for the creative use of architectural precedents in architectural design education, and discusses a possible studio implementation of the proposed framework as the next stage of the study.
keywords Architectural Design Theory; Design Methodology; Architectural Design Education
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54
_id caadria2006_513
id caadria2006_513
authors BIMAL BALAKRISHNAN, LOUKAS N. KALISPERIS, KATSUHIKO MURAMOTO, GEORGE H. OTTO
year 2006
title MULTIMODAL VIRTUAL REALITY ENVIRONMENT FOR ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN (RE)PRESENTATION
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2006.x.d7c
source CAADRIA 2006 [Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Kumamoto (Japan) March 30th - April 2nd 2006, 513-519
summary The diversity of representations and the complexity of capturing and communicating the design process and its rationale present a challenge to architects. This paper proposes a multimodal virtual reality environment (MVE) aimed at utilizing the inherent advantages of distinct media, as opposed to a stand-alone virtual reality environment. Virtual reality is seen here as one of the tools in the larger milieu of interactive multimedia tools available to architects. The theoretical framework underlying its development explores the role of digital tools in the design process, their adaptability to existing workflow and issues of representation and perception, especially how design ideas are represented, evaluated and manipulated in the mind. The development of MVE followed a cycle of design, usability studies by a focus group and redesign.
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:49
_id eaea2005_49
id eaea2005_49
authors Breen, Jack
year 2006
title The Model Image
source Motion, E-Motion and Urban Space [Proceedings of the 7th European Architectural Endoscopy Association Conference / ISBN-10: 3-00-019070-8 - ISBN-13: 978-3-00-019070-4], pp. 49-59
summary Designing is a specialized, unpredictable development process which is to a large extent visually generative and reflective – and, as such, predominantly pre-linguistic. Architectural designers make creative use of various imaging techniques, in order to elucidate design concepts that would otherwise remain ‘figments of the imagination’. By projecting their ideas, into readable information, these may be shared, communicated, evaluated and developed further. In this context, various types of models play an important role on different levels of design driven enquiry and representation. This contribution explores the dynamic conditions and potentials of models in architecture, in particular as a prerequisite for visual exploration and communication.
series EAEA
email
more http://info.tuwien.ac.at/eaea
last changed 2008/04/29 20:46
_id 2006_182
id 2006_182
authors Bridges, Alan
year 2006
title A Critical Review of Problem Based Learning in Architectural Education
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2006.182
source Communicating Space(s) [24th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-5-9] Volos (Greece) 6-9 September 2006, pp. 182-189
summary There is limited research and discussion on pedagogical approaches in architectural education, simply because it is considered as one of the “unimportant” areas that researchers “do not bother studying” (Teymur, 2001). Problem Based Learning has been known to provide competent graduates in other professional disciplines, and, consequently, there have been attempts to utilise the same pedagogical approach in architectural education where PBL is seen as a potential solution to the problems encountered in architectural education. This paper critically reviews PBL implementations at TU Delft Netherlands and Newcastle University, N.S.W. Australia and draws conclusions with particular respect to the teaching of architectural computing
keywords PBL; architecture; computing
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54
_id 8b29
id 8b29
authors Chaszar, A. (ed.), Burry, M., Eliassen, T., Garofalo, D., Glymph, J., Hesselgren, L., Jonkhans, N., Kienzl, N., Kloft, H., Maher, A., Mueller, V., Palmer, A., Reuss, S., Schuler, M., Schwitter, C., Sharples, C., Sharples, W., Shea, K., Stoller, P., Takemori, T., Woodger, N.
year 2006
title Blurring the Lines: Computer-Aided-Design and -Manufacturing in Architecture
source Wiley-Academy, London 224 pp. Architecture in Practice series
summary The first few years of the 21st century have seen a revolution in the ways that we think about designing and making buildings. In no other area is this more apparent than in the interface of computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacture (CAM). The potential blurring or assimilation of these two systems holds the still elusive but golden promise of a direct, smooth transference of design data into large-scale production facilities in which components are directly cut, modelled and moulded. How far off are we from seeing the widespread adoption of this technology? What is the potential for CAD/CAM beyond tailor-made forms? In the future, what is the possibility of complex, large-scale forms being run out in mass-customised buildings?
keywords associative geometry, auralization, CNC, collaborative design, generative design, parametric design, simulation, visualization
series book
type normal paper
email
last changed 2006/06/12 23:35
_id ddss2006-hb-487
id DDSS2006-HB-487
authors Chien-Tung Chen and Teng-Wen Chang
year 2006
title 1:1 Spatially Augmented Reality Design Environment
source Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Innovations in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Springer, ISBN-10: 1-4020-5059-3, ISBN-13: 978-1-4020-5059-6, p. 487-499
summary With the development of ubiquitous computing (Weiser, 1991), what will become of the traditional media such as pen and sketches, especially in the design education environment? Or what will they be transformed into? In this research, we focus on the interior design process with a particular type of media-1:1 spatially augmented reality design environment (SARDE). In this research, we tried to implement SARDE and have a scenario experiment to check how designers interact with such design media. Furthermore, through this research, we have come to know more about how designers use design media to represent their design dream.
keywords Design & Decision Support Systems, Spatially Augmented Reality, Architecture Education, and Computer Visualization
series DDSS
last changed 2006/08/29 12:55
_id ddss2006-pb-415
id DDSS2006-PB-415
authors Ching-Shun Tang
year 2006
title Smart Structure: Designs with Rapid Prototyping
source Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Progress in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Eindhoven: Eindhoven University of Technology, ISBN-10: 90-386-1756-9, ISBN-13: 978-90-386-1756-5, p. 415-429
summary This research presents the new orientation of the combination of digital modelling with generative programming and joint method of traditional wood structure for manipulating Rapid Prototyping to explore the assembling of free form objects. The presenting of the example indicates that the edition of Maya scripts defines the purpose of design. Through the discussion on scripts developing the assembly of the free-form objects of frames and surfaces and through the achievement that RP produces and examines objects, we bring out the possibilities of the new form developed from the old structure and illustrate how to develop our hypothesis. The developed result could provide the possible new way for free-form assembly. We expatiate our research process and final achievement and provide a new thinking direction in the education field.
keywords CAD/CAM, Digital fabrication, Rapid prototyping, Traditional wood structure
series DDSS
last changed 2006/08/29 12:55
_id ddss2006-hb-137
id DDSS2006-HB-137
authors Chiung-Hui Chen and Mao-Lin Chiu
year 2006
title SCALE - A street case library for environmental design with agent interfaces
source Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Innovations in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Springer, ISBN-10: 1-4020-5059-3, ISBN-13: 978-1-4020-5059-6, p. 137-150
summary Urban space provides a context for human interaction. Recently, urban planning has largely placed the user at the street as the centre of infrastructural design, with significant implications for the perceived attractiveness of user environments. However, visual observation is often difficult for verifying planning goals. The simulation of pedestrian behaviour is important for physical planning, but such research is scarce. In this study, we adopt an empirical approach for generating reactive path following. Further, we implement scenarios as computer scripts with agent-based interfaces to identify navigational patterns. Moreover, we built a hierarchy of individual behavioral models and define a behavior production system to control the agent. Key attributes of streets such as rest space, utilities, landmarks, and buildings have space tags as identifiers to associate streets with related activities.
keywords Agent interface, Behaviour, Simulator, Street design
series DDSS
last changed 2006/08/29 12:55
_id ddss2006-hb-277
id DDSS2006-HB-277
authors Cristina Cerulli
year 2006
title Sieving Pebbles and Growing Profiles - Capitalising on knowledge embodied in design practice
source Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Innovations in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Springer, ISBN-10: 1-4020-5059-3, ISBN-13: 978-1-4020-5059-6, p. 277-291
summary This paper discusses tools and strategies to support the capturing and use of knowledge embodied in design practice. The tools described are part of a system conceived as a suite of modular tools, KMan, to be developed and adopted incrementally and independently, in the framework of a wider organizational knowledge management strategy. The concept of knowledge pebbles is introduced to describe collections of heterogeneous data formats to form a unit of potential knowledge In the final section of the paper an overview of all the tools part of the system is presented and some of the tools described and illustrated in more detail. In particular the Brief Management Tool, the Generic Search Tool and the Pebble Creation Tool are discussed.
keywords Knowledge management, Design knowledge, Recommender systems
series DDSS
last changed 2006/08/29 12:55
_id ddss2006-pb-51
id DDSS2006-PB-51
authors Dino Borri, Giovanni Circella, Michele Ottomanelli, and Domenico Sassanelli
year 2006
title Optimization of Choice Modelling in Complex Urban Contexts - Applications in planning for sustainable development
source Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Progress in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Eindhoven: Eindhoven University of Technology, ISBN-10: 90-386-1756-9, ISBN-13: 978-90-386-1756-5, p. 51-66
summary This paper focuses on the capabilities of choice models in assisting planners in the development of transport policies and interventions for strategic transport planning for urban systems. Models are looked at as part of a decision support system for the development of transport measures for sustainable mobility. The use of participation is looked at as a tool for the understanding of the real needs in terms of mobility in the complex contemporary society and for the construction of the future transport scenarios and transport alternatives.
keywords Choice modelling, Behavioural models, Uncertainty, Sustainable development
series DDSS
last changed 2006/08/29 12:55
_id ddss2006-hb-251
id DDSS2006-HB-251
authors E.W.T.M. Heurkens
year 2006
title Decision-Making on Olympic Urban Development - A multi-actor decision support tool
source Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Innovations in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Springer, ISBN-10: 1-4020-5059-3, ISBN-13: 978-1-4020-5059-6, p. 251-262
summary Subject of study is the possible organisation of the Olympic Games of 2028 in the Netherlands, as seen from an urban development viewpoint. The project focuses on the decision-making process in the initiative phase. Aim of the project is the development of a decision support tool for the complex, interdisciplinary decision-making process which should result in an optimum interorganisational design. The methodology used to find the optimum choice is the combination of sub-solutions. Preference Measurement modelling based on a multi-criteria decision analysis is the technique employed. The group decision is a choice out of a number of Olympic urban development combinations, which is made in such a way that the preferred combination is the 'best' among the possible candidates for all relevant stakeholders.
keywords Combination of sub-solutions, Group decision-making, Olympic urban development, Optimum interorganisational design, Preference measurement modelling
series DDSS
last changed 2006/08/29 12:55
_id ddss2006-hb-433
id DDSS2006-HB-433
authors Eric Landreneau, Ozan O. Ozener, Burak Pak, Ergun Akleman, and John Keyser
year 2006
title Interactive Rule-Based Design - An experimental interface for conceptual design
source Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Innovations in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Springer, ISBN-10: 1-4020-5059-3, ISBN-13: 978-1-4020-5059-6, p. 433-446
summary In this paper, we present a method that allows designers to interactively create partially self-similar manifold surfaces without relying on shape grammars or fractal methods. The modellers that are based on traditional fractal methods or shape grammars usually create disconnected surfaces and restrict the creative freedom of users. In most cases, the shapes through conventional fractal or shape grammar methods are defined by hard coded schemes that allow limited interactivity for the design process. We present a new approach for modelling such shapes. With this approach, we have developed a simple generative tool with given adjustable parameters to achieve variety of conceptual forms. Using this tool, designers can interactively create a variety of partially self-similar manifold surfaces.
keywords Fractal geometry, Conceptual design, Generative systems
series DDSS
last changed 2006/08/29 12:55
_id ddss2006-hb-447
id DDSS2006-HB-447
authors G. Arthaud and J.C. Lombardo
year 2006
title Automatic Semantic Comparison of STEP Product Models - Application to IFC product models
source Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Innovations in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Springer, ISBN-10: 1-4020-5059-3, ISBN-13: 978-1-4020-5059-6, p. 447-463
summary This paper introduces an original method to compare IFC models and more generally any STEP models. Unlike common 'diff-like' tools which compare textual files by proceeding line against line, our approach compares actual graphs created from STEP-files. Therefore added, removed, and changed objects can be tracked between two versions of the model. Besides, this standalone tool does not need any heavy database to work so it is fully adapted to design methods of construction projects, where actors are free to modify a local version of their project without any dependence on the database. Moreover it is reusable for other industrial fields thanks to its compatibility with any STEP model. This tool is a part from a more global project which tends to improve accessibility and sustainability of IFC therefore it can be used as a support for VR based design tools.
keywords Industry Foundation Classes (IFC), STEP models, EXPRESS language, Semantic comparison, Design process
series DDSS
last changed 2006/08/29 12:55
_id ddss2006-hb-203
id DDSS2006-HB-203
authors Gerhard Zimmermann
year 2006
title Multi-Agent Model to Multi-Process Transformation - A housing market case study
source Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Innovations in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Springer, ISBN-10: 1-4020-5059-3, ISBN-13: 978-1-4020-5059-6, p. 203-219
summary Simulation is a means to help urban planners and investors to optimize inhabitant satisfaction and return on investment. An example is the optimal match between household preferences and property profiles. The problem is that not enough knowledge exists yet about dynamic user activity models to build reliable and realistic simulators. Therefore, we propose a modeling and software technique that produces simulator prototypes very efficiently for the development, test, and evaluation of many different user activity models, using executable models, code generation, and a domain specific software process. As a specific feature, the model is based on many agents acting independently from each other and that are mapped in several refinement steps into the same number of concurrent processes. The housing example is used as a case study to explain the process and show performance results.
keywords Agent technology, User activity modeling, User activity simulation, Software engineering, Code generation, Software process
series DDSS
last changed 2006/08/29 12:55
_id eaea2005_103
id eaea2005_103
authors Giró, Héctor
year 2006
title Visualising emotions - Defining urban space through shared networks
source Motion, E-Motion and Urban Space [Proceedings of the 7th European Architectural Endoscopy Association Conference / ISBN-10: 3-00-019070-8 - ISBN-13: 978-3-00-019070-4], pp. 103-111
summary Networks and new media and communication tools, in combination with other media like film, imaging, text and sound, make richer ways of expression possible and at the same time offer attractive possibilities to investigate and express designing. Architects, or their clients, in consequence become increasingly able to explore, develop and communicate their ideas in a better way. At the same time, most people find it difficult to describe their demands and needs in advance: it seems they react much better on something that is already there, a finished work. How then can designers get a better idea of people’s needs and wishes? In other words, how could designers –among others- get a better match between expectations and results? Consequently, what could be the significance of ‘new media’ within this process?
series EAEA
email
more http://info.tuwien.ac.at/eaea
last changed 2008/04/29 20:46
_id ddss2008-02
id ddss2008-02
authors Gonçalves Barros, Ana Paula Borba; Valério Augusto Soares de Medeiros, Paulo Cesar Marques da Silva and Frederico de Holanda
year 2008
title Road hierarchy and speed limits in Brasília/Brazil
source H.J.P. Timmermans, B. de Vries (eds.) 2008, Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, ISBN 978-90-6814-173-3, University of Technology Eindhoven, published on CD
summary This paper aims at exploring the theory of the Social Logic of Space or Space Syntax as a strategy to define parameters of road hierarchy and, if this use is found possible, to establish maximum speeds allowed in the transportation system of Brasília, the capital city of Brazil. Space Syntax – a theory developed by Hillier and Hanson (1984) – incorporates the space topological relationships, considering the city shape and its influence in the distribution of movements within the space. The theory’s axiality method – used in this study – analyses the accessibility to the street network relationships, by means of the system’s integration, one of its explicative variables in terms of copresence, or potential co-existence between the through-passing movements of people and vehicles (Hillier, 1996). One of the most used concepts of Space Syntax in the integration, which represents the potential flow generation in the road axes and is the focus of this paper. It is believed there is a strong correlation between urban space-form configuration and the way flows and movements are distributed in the city, considering nodes articulations and the topological location of segments and streets in the grid (Holanda, 2002; Medeiros, 2006). For urban transportation studies, traffic-related problems are often investigated and simulated by assignment models – well-established in traffic studies. Space Syntax, on the other hand, is a tool with few applications in transport (Barros, 2006; Barros et al, 2007), an area where configurational models are considered to present inconsistencies when used in transportation (cf. Cybis et al, 1996). Although this is true in some cases, it should not be generalized. Therefore, in order to simulate and evaluate Space Syntax for the traffic approach, the city of Brasília was used as a case study. The reason for the choice was the fact the capital of Brazil is a masterpiece of modern urban design and presents a unique urban layout based on an axial grid system considering several express and arterial long roads, each one with 3 to 6 lanes,
keywords Space syntax, road hierarchy
series DDSS
last changed 2008/09/01 17:06
_id sigradi2006_e028c
id sigradi2006_e028c
authors Griffith, Kenfield; Sass, Larry and Michaud, Dennis
year 2006
title A strategy for complex-curved building design:Design structure with Bi-lateral contouring as integrally connected ribs
source SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 465-469
summary Shapes in designs created by architects such as Gehry Partners (Shelden, 2002), Foster and Partners, and Kohn Peterson and Fox rely on computational processes for rationalizing complex geometry for building construction. Rationalization is the reduction of a complete geometric shape into discrete components. Unfortunately, for many architects the rationalization is limited reducing solid models to surfaces or data on spread sheets for contractors to follow. Rationalized models produced by the firms listed above do not offer strategies for construction or digital fabrication. For the physical production of CAD description an alternative to the rationalized description is needed. This paper examines the coupling of digital rationalization and digital fabrication with physical mockups (Rich, 1989). Our aim is to explore complex relationships found in early and mid stage design phases when digital fabrication is used to produce design outcomes. Results of our investigation will aid architects and engineers in addressing the complications found in the translation of design models embedded with precision to constructible geometries. We present an algorithmically based approach to design rationalization that supports physical production as well as surface production of desktop models. Our approach is an alternative to conventional rapid prototyping that builds objects by assembly of laterally sliced contours from a solid model. We explored an improved product description for rapid manufacture as bilateral contouring for structure and panelling for strength (Kolarevic, 2003). Infrastructure typically found within aerospace, automotive, and shipbuilding industries, bilateral contouring is an organized matrix of horizontal and vertical interlocking ribs evenly distributed along a surface. These structures are monocoque and semi-monocoque assemblies composed of structural ribs and skinning attached by rivets and adhesives. Alternative, bi-lateral contouring discussed is an interlocking matrix of plywood strips having integral joinery for assembly. Unlike traditional methods of building representations through malleable materials for creating tangible objects (Friedman, 2002), this approach constructs with the implication for building life-size solutions. Three algorithms are presented as examples of rationalized design production with physical results. The first algorithm [Figure 1] deconstructs an initial 2D curved form into ribbed slices to be assembled through integral connections constructed as part of the rib solution. The second algorithm [Figure 2] deconstructs curved forms of greater complexity. The algorithm walks along the surface extracting surface information along horizontal and vertical axes saving surface information resulting in a ribbed structure of slight double curvature. The final algorithm [Figure 3] is expressed as plug-in software for Rhino that deconstructs a design to components for assembly as rib structures. The plug-in also translates geometries to a flatten position for 2D fabrication. The software demonstrates the full scope of the research exploration. Studies published by Dodgson argued that innovation technology (IvT) (Dodgson, Gann, Salter, 2004) helped in solving projects like the Guggenheim in Bilbao, the leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy, and the Millennium Bridge in London. Similarly, the method discussed in this paper will aid in solving physical production problems with complex building forms. References Bentley, P.J. (Ed.). Evolutionary Design by Computers. Morgan Kaufman Publishers Inc. San Francisco, CA, 1-73 Celani, G, (2004) “From simple to complex: using AutoCAD to build generative design systems” in: L. Caldas and J. Duarte (org.) Implementations issues in generative design systems. First Intl. Conference on Design Computing and Cognition, July 2004 Dodgson M, Gann D.M., Salter A, (2004), “Impact of Innovation Technology on Engineering Problem Solving: Lessons from High Profile Public Projects,” Industrial Dynamics, Innovation and Development, 2004 Dristas, (2004) “Design Operators.” Thesis. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 2004 Friedman, M, (2002), Gehry Talks: Architecture + Practice, Universe Publishing, New York, NY, 2002 Kolarevic, B, (2003), Architecture in the Digital Age: Design and Manufacturing, Spon Press, London, UK, 2003 Opas J, Bochnick H, Tuomi J, (1994), “Manufacturability Analysis as a Part of CAD/CAM Integration”, Intelligent Systems in Design and Manufacturing, 261-292 Rudolph S, Alber R, (2002), “An Evolutionary Approach to the Inverse Problem in Rule-Based Design Representations”, Artificial Intelligence in Design ’02, 329-350 Rich M, (1989), Digital Mockup, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Reston, VA, 1989 Schön, D., The Reflective Practitioner: How Professional Think in Action. Basic Books. 1983 Shelden, D, (2003), “Digital Surface Representation and the Constructability of Gehry’s Architecture.” Diss. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 2003 Smithers T, Conkie A, Doheny J, Logan B, Millington K, (1989), “Design as Intelligent Behaviour: An AI in Design Thesis Programme”, Artificial Intelligence in Design, 293-334 Smithers T, (2002), “Synthesis in Designing”, Artificial Intelligence in Design ’02, 3-24 Stiny, G, (1977), “Ice-ray: a note on the generation of Chinese lattice designs” Environmental and Planning B, volume 4, pp. 89-98
keywords Digital fabrication; bilateral contouring; integral connection; complex-curve
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:52

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