Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	ascaad2007_017
id	ascaad2007_017
authors	Alamgir, S.; A. Khan and K. Alamgir
year	2007
title	Computer Aided Environmental Solutions: Evaluation of Optimum Building Orientation in Lahore, Pakistan
source	Em‘body’ing Virtual Architecture: The Third International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2007), 28-30 November 2007, Alexandria, Egypt, pp. 213-214
summary	One of the primary features of solar passive design is the orientation of a building on a particular latitude. The client of Information Technology demands testing, validity, practicality and sustainability of a building project before execution. The computer based simulations are the only practical way to predict the complex energy performance and analysis for a large number of passive design solutions. This paper investigates the optimum residential building orientation having various zones, located in Lahore, Pakistan, with the help of Energy Simulation program. It is concluded that with the help of software, it is possible to orient the residential plan with the minimum solar gain of the required living zones.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2008/01/21 22:00

_id	sigradi2007_af70
id	sigradi2007_af70
authors	Corona Martínez, Alfonso; Libertad Vigo; José R. Kós; Denise B. Pinheiro Machado
year	2007
title	Archinet-MetaUniversity: Alfa Project phase3: The transversal integration [Archinet-MetaUniversidad: Proyecto ALFA en Fase3: La integración transversal]
source	SIGraDi 2007 - [Proceedings of the 11th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] México D.F. - México 23-25 October 2007, pp. 131-134
summary	This paper presents the results of a workshop which took place in Rio de Janeiro and gathered Brazilian and international exchange students with tutors from eight universities located in Latin America and Europe. The design process highlighted the advantages and limitations of the communication between the tutors, educated with traditional tools and students who enter at the university already familiar with digital tools. The manipulation of images assumes a primary position, particularly in an environment based on several foreign languages. However, this process also exposed the limitations of images to represent the essence of the place.
keywords	Theory & Education; Design & Communication; Multidisciplinary Transversal Disciplines; Sustainability & Urban Preservation; Colaborative & Teaching implementations
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:49

_id	ascaad2007_062
id	ascaad2007_062
authors	De Los Reyes, A. and K. Terzidis
year	2007
title	Executive Summary: On the Digital Sublime
source	Em‘body’ing Virtual Architecture: The Third International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2007), 28-30 November 2007, Alexandria, Egypt, pp. 799-800
summary	This paper describes research in progress on the digital sublime and architecture. Written in three parts, the paper surveys the history of the sublime, offers current examples of the digital sublime, and concludes with the next path of exploration: genetic algorithms created from and of the new numeric sublime.
series	ASCAAD
last changed	2008/01/21 22:00

_id	ascaad2007_021
id	ascaad2007_021
authors	Grasl, T. and C. Kühn
year	2007
title	Situated spatial awareness: Experimenting with spatial concepts for agents
source	Em‘body’ing Virtual Architecture: The Third International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2007), 28-30 November 2007, Alexandria, Egypt, pp. 253-260
summary	The target of the project is to explore spatial awareness in situated agents. The concepts are tested with exhibition layout as use case and subsumption architecture as cognitive model. The agents in the implementation control the location and orientation of exhibits in a collaborative environment. The paper describes the implementation details and discusses the outcome.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2008/01/21 22:00

_id	acadia07_040
id	acadia07_040
authors	Hyde, Rory
year	2007
title	Punching Above Your Weight: Digital Design Methods and Organisational Change in Small Practice
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2007.040
source	Expanding Bodies: Art • Cities• Environment [Proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture / ISBN 978-0-9780978-6-8] Halifax (Nova Scotia) 1-7 October 2007, 40-47
summary	Expanding bodies of knowledge imply expanding teams to manage this knowledge. Paradoxically, it can be shown that in situations of complexity—which increasingly characterise the production of architecture generally—the small practice or small team could be at an advantage. This is due to the increasingly digital nature of the work undertaken and artefacts produced by practices, enabling production processes to be augmented with digital toolsets and for tight project delivery networks to be forged with other collaborators and consultants (Frazer 2006). Furthermore, as Christensen argues, being small may also be desirable, as innovations are less likely to be developed by large, established companies (Christensen 1997). By working smarter, and managing the complexity of design and construction, not only can the small practice “punch above its weight” and compete with larger practices, this research suggests it is a more appropriate model for practice in the digital age. This paper demonstrates this through the implementation of emerging technologies and strategies including generative and parametric design, digital fabrication, and digital construction. These strategies have been employed on a number of built and un-built case-study projects in a unique collaboration between RMIT University’s SIAL lab and the award-winning design practice BKK Architects.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ascaad2007_046
id	ascaad2007_046
authors	Lee, S. and K. de Bodt
year	2007
title	Plan_B: The architectonics of sonic information
source	Em‘body’ing Virtual Architecture: The Third International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2007), 28-30 November 2007, Alexandria, Egypt, pp. 587-594
summary	The paper addresses the influence of digital technology on architectural design and production, particularly considering the possibilities of sound for the design and conception of architecture based on the dynamic condition, which is present in the “everyday” and its permutations. The day-to-day condition is regarded as a highly dynamic flux of economic, social and political aspects and conceptually linked to sound and musical variation as guiding design principles, to actually retain and reflect the vitality of every day’s measure. We have traced precedents and cases in sound reproduction and its implications on the codification of architecture and have created a digital design tool in Max/MSP. The primary objective of the tool is to produce the corollary between sound reproduction and the conception and production of an architectonic codification, and ultimately to propose a strategy of architectural construct that has given way from the clarity of static geometry to the complexity in dynamic variability, that of dissonance. Virtual architecture and its techniques are considered to express and implement such permutations and induce a measure of change in every step and direction of the design process. The application of digital technology is regarded as the intervening of “apparatus” and to represent a different approach in relation to the prevailing regime.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2008/01/21 22:00

_id	acadia07_284
id	acadia07_284
authors	Robinson, Kirsten; Gorbet, Robert; Beesley, Philip
year	2007
title	Evolving Cooperative Behaviour in a Reflexive Membrane
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2007.284
source	Expanding Bodies: Art • Cities• Environment [Proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture / ISBN 978-0-9780978-6-8] Halifax (Nova Scotia) 1-7 October 2007, 284-293
summary	This paper describes the integration of machine intelligence into an immersive architectural sculpture that interacts dynamically with users and the environment. The system is conceived to function as an architectural envelope that might transfer air using a distributed array of components. The sculpture includes a large array of interconnected miniature structural and kinetic elements, each with local sensing, actuation, and machine intelligence. We demonstrate a model in which these autonomous, interconnected agents develop cooperative behaviour to maximize airflow. Agents have access to sensory data about their local environment and ‘learn’ to move air through the working of a genetic algorithm. Introducing distributed and responsive machine intelligence builds on work done on evolving embodied intelligence (Floreano et al. 2004) and architectural ‘geotextile’ sculptures by Philip Beesley and collaborators (Beesley et al. 1996-2006). The paper contributes to the general field of interactive art by demonstrating an application of machine intelligence as a design method. The objective is the development of coherent distributed kinetic building envelopes with environmental control functions. A cultural context is included, discussing dynamic paradigms in responsive architecture.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 08:00

_id	ascaad2007_015
id	ascaad2007_015
authors	Tarabieh, K. and A. Malkawi
year	2007
title	A Comparative Study to Benchmark Energy Performance Using Building Simulation Tools
source	Em‘body’ing Virtual Architecture: The Third International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2007), 28-30 November 2007, Alexandria, Egypt, pp. 183-198
summary	Building performance assessment is a process of using a numerical model “simulation tool” to predict performance of both the building and system metrics. The decision to choose a suitable simulation tool is a continuous challenge. Issues such as model data availability, integrity and applicability add additional constraints to the modeling process. This paper discusses the process of using different building simulation tools to identify a credible building energy performance indicator. A typical building is modeled using different tools utilizing similar input data and weather conditions. A series of building performance experiments are conducted and the resulting trends are compared to real-time metered data. The paper presents a pilot project to create an energy benchmarking tool for facility managers and the challenges facing the development team.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2008/01/21 22:00

_id	ascaad2007_050
id	ascaad2007_050
authors	Techel, F., K. Nassar
year	2007
title	Teaching Building Information Modeling (BIM) from a Sustainabilty Design Perspective
source	Em‘body’ing Virtual Architecture: The Third International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2007), 28-30 November 2007, Alexandria, Egypt, pp. 635-650
summary	Building Information Modeling has recently gained significant attention both in academia and practice. BIM presents immense opportunities for increased efficiencies, coordination and quality of architectural design. One of the reasons that BIM offers a more comprehensive design approach is the fact that all aspect of the building are considered during the modeling phase. Rather than drawing the building using lines and circles actual object are used to model the building, which results in a more comprehensive underlying database model of the entire edifice being designed. The approach obviously has tremendous benefits in terms of coordination and systems integration, as well as, project control and management during the design and construction phases. Nevertheless BIM offers its own unique challenges vis-à-vis its introduction to students of architecture. The students in Architecture programs are usually introduced to BIM in two ways, either through a specialized course in CAD or via a shadow introduction in design studios and related courses. Careful positioning of the course within the architecture curriculum is crucial in order to gain maximum benefit in the synthesis of other course content. The reason being that students of architecture in earlier years of the design curriculum may not yet have developed the ability to synthesize and coordinate multiple systems required for complete BIM. This is an important consideration the design and pedagogy of introducing BIM to Architecture students. This paper argues for a new approach in teaching BIM for Architecture students. Instead of designing a course specifically for BIM/CAAD we present a paradigm whereas BIM can be presented within a larger more rigorous context. The experience of teaching BIM within a sustainable design framework is presented in this paper. Issues relating to the design of basic residential buildings were integrated into the course presenting BIM. A simplified set of design rules and guidelines under banner of sustainability were taught to the students in pre-defined doses and sequence throughout the course. The careful placement of these concepts permitted for BIM to be introduced in a more interesting and comprehensive manner than in the traditional CAD-course setting. Samples of student work are presented and critiqued in order to come up with recommendations and guidelines for incorporating BIM into a comprehensive and comprehensible course. The pedagogical advantages of and disadvantages of the approach are discussed within the paper, as well as, a detailed description of the course content and structure. Results from and outcome-based assessment of the objectives of the course are also illuminated which provided suggestions for future offerings of the course.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2008/01/21 22:00

_id	ascaad2007_058
id	ascaad2007_058
authors	Abdelhameed, W. and Y. Kobayashi
year	2007
title	Developing a New Approach of Computer Use ‘KISS Modeling’ for Design-Ideas Alternatives of Form Massing: A framework for three-Dimensional Shape Recognition in Initial Design Phases
source	Em‘body’ing Virtual Architecture: The Third International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2007), 28-30 November 2007, Alexandria, Egypt, pp. 745-756
summary	This research aims at developing a new approach called ‘KISS Modeling’. KISS is generally a rule of ‘Keep It Simple, Stupid’ that will be applied in modeling process investigated and presented by the research. The new approach is implemented in a computer program ‘KISS Modeling’ that generates three dimensional forms based on simplifying the concept of shape recognition in design. The research, however, does not employ totally concepts of shape recognition or shape understanding in Artificial Intelligence and psychology. The research, in summary, investigates and describes: 1) a new approach of computer use contributing to generating design-ideas alternatives of form massing in initial design phases, within a simple way that any designer can understand at single glance, 2) implementation of shape recognition for generative three dimensional forms, 3) function to generate different outputs from different recognition, and 4) case studies introduced through applications and functions of the three dimensional modeling system presented by the research. The research concluded that the introduced processes help the user improve the management of conceptual designing through facilitating a discourse of his/her modeling of design-ideas massing.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2008/01/21 22:00

_id	ascaad2007_002
id	ascaad2007_002
authors	Abdellatif, R. and C. Calderon
year	2007
title	SecondLife: A Computer-Mediated Tool for Distance-Learning in Architecture Education?
source	Em‘body’ing Virtual Architecture: The Third International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2007), 28-30 November 2007, Alexandria, Egypt, pp. 17-34
summary	Despite the importance of distance learning for its ability to reach a wide audience, easiness to access materials, and its lower cost compared to traditional learning, architecture education has not been well served by distance education. This is because it has a higher level of learning objectives, it is taught by coaching methodologies, and involves nonverbal forms of communication. One of the most common learning methods used in the design studio is the Criticism/Critique, which is a graphic and oral type of communication between the tutor and the students. In this investigation, Second Life, a massive multi-user online virtual environment that offers three-dimensional spatial capabilities via Avatars impersonation, is used as a computer-mediated tool for text and graphic-based communication in a distance learning situation. The study describes a demonstration experiment where students had to communicate with their tutor, display and describe their projects at a distance, in a purposely designed criticism space in SecondLife. The main objective of this paper is to observe and document the effects and the use of SecondLife virtual environment as an online 3D graphical-based tool of computer-mediated communication in distance learning in architecture education. The study also answers some questions: How well did the students use the tools of the medium provide? Was there a sense of personal communication and realism gained through using Avatars in the virtual environment? Did SecondLife provide a successful means of communication for a graphic-based context? And what are the students’ opinions about the learning environment? Using multiple methods of data collection, mainly based on an electronic observation of the experiment, questioning the participants before and after the experiment, and the analysis of the chat transcripts, the study presents descriptive results of the experiment, and discusses its main features. Proposals for modifications are made for future replications.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2008/01/21 22:00

_id	16fe
id	16fe
authors	Abdelmohsen, Sherif; Do, Ellen Yi-Luen
year	2007
title	Tracking Design Development through Decomposing Sketching Processes
source	Digital proceedings of the International Association of Societies of Design Research (IASDR 2007), Emerging Trends in Design Research, Hong Kong Polytechnic University School of Design, Hong Kong.
summary	We conducted a protocol study of the architectural sketching process. We decompose the process into process flows to explore the extent to which it expresses concept development in schematic and refined design phases. We track the development of design concepts in these phases by following the process flows of individual sketched strokes. We argue that each stroke drawn by the designer reveals a probability of an embedded concept, and that this concept is either promoted and propagated throughout the design phases, or blocked while designing. We expand the notion of lateral and vertical transformation in design by introducing a set of processes described as cross propagation, lateral promotion and vertical promotion.
series	other
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2010/01/30 07:19

_id	caadria2007_029
id	caadria2007_029
authors	Abdelmohsen, Sherif; Ellen Yi-Luen Do
year	2007
title	TangiCAD: Tangible Interface for Manipulating Architectural 3D Models
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2007.x.x8o
source	CAADRIA 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Nanjing (China) 19-21 April 2007
summary	This paper presents an interface for interacting with tangible objects to produce and edit architectural 3D models, called TangiCAD. TangiCAD is a tangible/virtual construction kit which allows architects to manipulate virtual models using easy hand control of tangible cubes, as an alternative interface for 3D modeling. It consists of a set of tangible cubes representing architectural elements, such as walls, columns, slabs,…etc., in addition to some editing operations. With more developed versions, the paper argues that architects could use tangible interfaces to carry out 3D modeling in an intuitive way, using their "flip-the-box" hands-on movement.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ascaad2007_006
id	ascaad2007_006
authors	Afify, H.M.N. and Z. A. Abd ElGhaffar
year	2007
title	Advanced Digital Manufacturing Techniques (CAM) in Architecture
source	Em‘body’ing Virtual Architecture: The Third International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2007), 28-30 November 2007, Alexandria, Egypt, pp. 67-80
summary	Building projects today are not only born out digitally, but they are also realized digitally through "file-to-factory" processes of computer aided manufacturing (CAM) and computer numerically controlled (CNC) technologies. It was the challenge of constructability that brought into question, what new instruments of practice are needed to take advantage of the opportunities opened up by the digital modes of production, instead of whether a particular form is buildable. In this case of building construction, architects could design with attention to innovative details, afforded by unique shapes and sizes, knowing that whatever they created on their computer screen could be fabricated digitally for an affordable price. The aims of the research are to discuss and analyze the digital manufacturing techniques (CAM) in architecture and its fabrication, production process. To understand how these technologies fit within a broader context of architectural practice. The research begins with defining, what is digital manufacturing in architecture, its potentials, components and influences in the contemporary architecture. Further more it discusses the digital fabrication, Two- dimensional cutting, subtractive fabrication, additive fabrication and formative fabrication. The assembly technique, building skin, new materials and mass- customization in digital manufacturing techniques (CAM). That will be a hand in analyzing several case studies.
keywords	Digital technology in architecture, Digital manufacturing, Formative fabrication, New materials, Fabrication machines and software.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2008/01/21 22:00

_id	ecaade2007_226
id	ecaade2007_226
authors	Agger, Kristian; Lassen, Michael; Knudsen, Nikolaj; Borup, Ruben; Rimestad, Jens; Norholdt, Peter; Bramsen, Nikolaj
year	2007
title	B-processor
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.043
source	Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 43-50
summary	The B-processor is a redesign of the digital building information modelling/managing concept: Addressing the whole building industry participants and all phases in the building process. Offering a new “standard” for digital building information structure with generic modelling and evaluation tools in the B-model kernel. Plug-in structure for free extension of the B-processor system by the Building Industry. Kernel prototyped in Java to be downloaded for free – open source.
keywords	Digital applications in construction, digital fabrication and construction, prediction and evaluation, design methodology, generative design
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	ecaade2007_152
id	ecaade2007_152
authors	Ahmad, Sumbul; Chase, Scott C.
year	2007
title	Transforming Grammars for Goal Driven Style Innovation
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.879
source	Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 879-886
summary	Shape grammar transformations have been used for developing new design styles by the systematic modification of grammars that encode existing styles. We make use of a style description scheme to aid grammar transformations for goal driven style change. A rule base was authored for the design of Greek temple facades, and was augmented with a style description scheme. These were tested at a student workshop wherein students were asked to develop grammars based on given style briefs. Results gained from the workshop confirmed that most students were able to assemble and transform grammars successfully. The method was found to be useful for teaching style and grammars to students and novice designers.
keywords	Design grammars, style, generative design, teaching
series	eCAADe
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	bsct_ahmeti
id	bsct_ahmeti
authors	Ahmeti, Flamur
year	2007
title	Efficiency of Lightweight Structural Forms: The Case of Treelike Structures - A comparative Structural Analysis
source	Vienna University of Technology; Building Science & Technology
summary	This work addresses the structural efficiency of lightweight tree-like structures for three case studies: Stuttgart Airport, Beaverton Library, and Thermal Bad Oeyenhausen. The case studies are simulated using Build simulation software, to determine the stresses induced in each structure. The material efficiency and shapes areexplored in terms of load bearing structures. Hybrids of the above structures are formed to compare the pattern morphology used by various types of tree-like structure and assess the structural behavior. In addition, (steel, wood and concrete) materials are compared to determine which would have better structural performance. In order to show the resemblance between the growing trees and the tree-like structures, an example of both cases is simulated and stresses evaluated. Results show that, in general, the minimum stress and deformations are obtained for steel. Structures made out of this material also exhibit higher load bearing capability, optimum stability factors and the best geometric efficiency, inspite of higher specific weight (10 times wood, and 3 times concrete).
series	thesis:MSc
email
more	http://cec.tuwien.ac.at
last changed	2007/07/16 17:51

_id	ascaad2007_035
id	ascaad2007_035
authors	Al-Ali, A.I.
year	2007
title	Readiness for the Use of Technology for effective learning via the vds: Case of the United Arab Emirates
source	Em‘body’ing Virtual Architecture: The Third International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2007), 28-30 November 2007, Alexandria, Egypt, pp. 439-456
summary	Review of the literature indicated that today’s knowledge-driven economy demands a workforce equipped with complex skills and attitudes such as problem solving, meta-cognitive skills, critical thinking and lifelong learning. Such skills can be acquired if learning and teaching are guided by the constructivist and cognitive learning theories. In particular, the constructivist approach emphasises effective learning processes based on learning by doing and collaboration. This approach is congruent with use of technologies, such as Virtual Design Studio (VDS), for the purpose of architecture education in design courses, but such use is lacking in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It is thus important to assess the extent to which the constructivist and cognitive theories are implemented in teaching design courses in the Architecture schools of the UAE. It is also important to assess the effectiveness of employing technology in general and VDS in particular in implementing these theories. The author intends to study the relationship between effective learning on one hand and using VDS in implementing the constructivist and cognitive approaches on the other hand. Thus, the author conducted a preliminary study to gain a basic understanding of the difficulties, approaches, attitudes, perceptions, and motivation related to the learning of design in architecture schools in the UAE. Second, the investigation was designed to assess the extent to which the students would be interested in the use of sophisticated technology in the teaching and learning environment in the UAE architecture education schools in order to achieve effective learning. The study has been conducted in the United Arab Emirates University (UAEU). Methodology used for this was the focus group method. In addition to the focus group interviews with the UAEU students, unstructured individual interviews with lecturers from UAEU and the American University of Sharjah (AUS) have been carried out. Data analysis showed that students were not satisfied with the current teaching methods based on traditional lectures. It was concluded that students were ready to practice effective learning of design via the intermarriage of VDS and the constructivist and cognitive approaches. An ambiguity that remained was whether students were ready for assessment methods which are consistent with the constructivist approach.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2008/01/21 22:00

_id	sigradi2007_af541
id	sigradi2007_af541
authors	Al-Attili, Aghlab; Rosa María Mendoza Robles
year	2007
title	Digitizing Heritage or reconstructing Imagination [Digitalizando la herencia o reconstruyendo la imaginación]
source	SIGraDi 2007 - [Proceedings of the 11th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] México D.F. - México 23-25 October 2007, pp. 48-53
summary	To advance the theme of digital conservation of heritage and tie it to museums, we report on two case studies of digitising archaeological sites; the first is the remains of a typical Scottish Crannog typical of the sixth-century BC., and the second is a UNESCO protected site in the Middle East (the desert castle of Qusayr Amra, Jordan), which dates back to early 8th century. Then we relate both to our investigation into embodiment, interaction and metaphor in virtual environments.
keywords	Virtual Environments; Embodiment; Representation; Interaction; Heritage
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	ascaad2007_023
id	ascaad2007_023
authors	AlRawi, O.
year	2007
title	Regenerating Architectural Elements Using AI: The Case of Muqarnas
source	Em‘body’ing Virtual Architecture: The Third International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2007), 28-30 November 2007, Alexandria, Egypt, pp. 273-274
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2008/01/21 22:00

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