CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id 60e7
authors Bailey, Rohan
year 2000
title The Intelligent Sketch: Developing a Conceptual Model for a Digital Design Assistant
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2000.137
source Eternity, Infinity and Virtuality in Architecture [Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture / 1-880250-09-8] Washington D.C. 19-22 October 2000, pp. 137-145
summary The computer is a relatively new tool in the practice of Architecture. Since its introduction, there has been a desire amongst designers to use this new tool quite early in the design process. However, contrary to this desire, most Architects today use pen and paper in the very early stages of design to sketch. Architects solve problems by thinking visually. One of the most important tools that the Architect has at his disposal in the design process is the hand sketch. This iterative way of testing ideas and informing the design process with images fundamentally directs and aids the architect’s decision making. It has been said (Schön and Wiggins 1992) that sketching is about the reflective conversation designers have with images and ideas conveyed by the act of drawing. It is highly dependent on feedback. This “conversation” is an area worthy of investigation. Understanding this “conversation” is significant to understanding how we might apply the computer to enhance the designer’s ability to capture, manipulate and reflect on ideas during conceptual design. This paper discusses sketching and its relation to design thinking. It explores the conversations that designers engage in with the media they use. This is done through the explanation of a protocol analysis method. Protocol analysis used in the field of psychology, has been used extensively by Eastman et al (starting in the early 70s) as a method to elicit information about design thinking. In the pilot experiment described in this paper, two persons are used. One plays the role of the “hand” while the other is the “mind”- the two elements that are involved in the design “conversation”. This variation on classical protocol analysis sets out to discover how “intelligent” the hand should be to enhance design by reflection. The paper describes the procedures entailed in the pilot experiment and the resulting data. The paper then concludes by discussing future intentions for research and the far reaching possibilities for use of the computer in architectural studio teaching (as teaching aids) as well as a digital design assistant in conceptual design.
keywords CAAD, Sketching, Protocol Analysis, Design Thinking, Design Education
series ACADIA
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id 2005_131
id 2005_131
authors Bailey, Rohan
year 2005
title Digital Tools for Design Learning
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2005.131
source Digital Design: The Quest for New Paradigms [23nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-3-2] Lisbon (Portugal) 21-24 September 2005, pp. 131-138
summary There is growing consensus among architectural critics and educators that there exists an increasing divide between the worlds of architectural education and practice. New social and cultural norms, new materials, and current global concerns, like sustainability, have largely influenced the need for an improved balance/integration between design theory and practice. This places schools of architecture around the world under pressure to provide their graduates with the requisite skills that support responsible design characterized by good design thinking strategies. The Caribbean School of Architecture, in addition to being affected by this predicament, has other pressures on its educational offerings. The region’s lack of resources and particular social issues mandates that graduates of the school adopt a responsible attitude towards design in the region. A positive attitude to such issues as sustainability, energy conservation and community will only come about through an effective transmission of particular architectural knowledge that is relevant to the region. The challenge (globally and in the Caribbean), therefore, is the provision of an innovative and effective way of supporting the student master dialogue in studio, facilitating the transfer of “practical, appropriate knowledge” needed by students to create safe, purposeful and responsible architecture. This paper exists within the research paradigm of providing digital teaching tools to beginning students of architecture. This digital research paradigm seeks to move digital technology (the computer) beyond functioning as an instrumental tool (in visualization, representation and fabrication) to becoming a “Socratic machine” that provides an appropriate environment for design learning. Research funds have been allocated to the author to research and develop the information component of the tool with special reference to the Caribbean. The paper will report on the results of prior investigations, describe the reaction and appreciation of the students and conclude with lessons learnt for the further development of the teaching tool.
keywords Design Education, Digital Design, Teaching Tools
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id a60d
authors Bairstow, Jeffrey N.
year 1987
title Personal Workstations Redefine Desktop Computing
source high Technology. March, 1987. pp. 18-23 : ill. includes bibliography: p. 64
summary Becoming an essential tool in any creative activity, the personal workstations were successfully adopted by software developers for designing both system and application software, by electronics engineers for computer-aided design, and by a wide range of businesses for technical publishing. The rapid adoption of networking and file standards by the workstation manufacturers will undoubtedly put them in a good position to install large networks of both PCs and workstations linked to existing corporate mainframe computers
keywords hardware, technology, business
series CADline
last changed 2003/06/02 13:58

_id sigradi2015_10.32
id sigradi2015_10.32
authors Baisch, Lucas Figueiredo; Costa, Luis Gustavo Gonçalves
year 2015
title The Usage of Application Autodesk 123D Catch® for Data Collection in the production of Learning Objects in Heritage Education
source SIGRADI 2015 [Proceedings of the 19th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - vol. 2 - ISBN: 978-85-8039-133-6] Florianópolis, SC, Brasil 23-27 November 2015, pp. 497-501.
summary This article deals with the technique of photogrammetry by using the Autodesk 123D Catch® application for registration of facades of historical and cultural buildings in the city of Salvador. Four trials are carried out in different complexities to test the tool’s potential. The Igreja and Convento de Nossa Senhora do Carmo, the chosen architectural elements are the door and the cover of the Church, as in the Palacete das Artes, the rear facade and one of the sculptures of the gardens. The 123D Catch® is efficient for the purpose of architectural records, however, there are still limitations of technical and spatial order to be observed.
keywords Autodesk 123D Catch, Heritage Education, Learning Objects, Photography, Architectural Heritage
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id sigradi2014_149
id sigradi2014_149
authors Baisch, Lucas Figueiredo; Luis Gustavo Gonçalves Costa Correo
year 2014
title Pepakura e Educação Patrimonial: Construção de Modelos de Edificações Históricas da Cidade de Salvador [Pepakura and Heritage Education: Salvador City Historical Buildings Model Construction]
source SIGraDi 2014 [Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-9974-99-655-7] Uruguay - Montevideo 12 - 14 November 2014, pp. 471-474
summary The Heritage Education is a way of approaching the historical architecture of their communities of students. Through playfulness, it is possible to explore new forms of human cognition to arouse interest and curiosity in their own history and identity. In this research, it is proposed that the planning of the São Francisco de Assis Church in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, for the assembly of your model for primary school students. For this, SketchUp® software for modeling, Pepakura Designer® for planning and AutoCAD® for finalization and printing are used.
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id ddss9406
id ddss9406
authors Bakel, Anton P.M. van
year 1994
title Assesing Strategy Questionnaire for Architectural Styles of Designing (ASQ-FASD)
source Second Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture & Urban Planning (Vaals, the Netherlands), August 15-19, 1994
summary In this paper the first results will be discussed that were obtained by the Assessing Strategy Questionnaire For Architectural Styles of Designing (ASQ-FASD). This questionnaire was developed specifically for the assessment of architectural design strategies. The construction of the questionnaire will be discussed in light of previous protocol research on strategic styles of designing. With this questionnaire, we developed a tool to assess an architects design strategy in a faster, easier and more reliable way than used to be the case with conventional protocol studies and other knowledge eliciting techniques like Card Sorting, and Repertory Grid. This questionnairewas submitted in a pilot study to 10 experienced Dutch architects. R.esults show that architects do indeed have preferences for different design situations. Moreover results indicate that they havea preference with respect to their responses within such specific situations. Though the generalizability coefficient was calculated for no more than 10 architects with a value of .57 (generalizing across situations), we feel that this is reason enough to assume that the questionnaire can be used to assess design strategies of architects. These results will be discussed with respect to the development of new design and decision support tools. The fact that designers have preferences for specific design problems and that they respond differently should be considered in the implementation of user interfaces and data base technology where possible.
series DDSS
email
last changed 2003/08/07 16:36

_id acadia23_v1_226
id acadia23_v1_226
authors Baker, Emily
year 2023
title SpaceCraft: Building a Spatial Structure in Mixed Reality
source ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 1: Projects Catalog of the 43rd Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9860805-8-1]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 226-231.
summary SpaceCraft was the final 5-week project for High Tech | Low Tech: Spatial Computing for Design and Fabrication, an advanced elective taught at the University of Arkansas. This project aimed to test a constructional method for spatial structures that uses standardized parts to create non-standard formal/structural configurations, and to test an augmented reality (AR)-based interface for fabrication (Figure 1).
series ACADIA
type project
email
last changed 2024/04/17 13:58

_id 50ce
authors Baker, R.
year 1993
title Designing the Future: The Computer Transformation of Reality
source Thames and Hudson, Hong Kong
summary A coffee table book on computer applications? Well, yes, because it does deal largely with matters of graphic design in architecture, fashion and textiles, painting, and photography; but it also has items which might be of interest in its sections on digital publication, typography, and electronic communication in general. It also seeks to discuss the way in which these applications may force us to change the way we think. Robin Baker writes in an unfortunately stiff and abstract manner about the impact computer programmes have had on the world of art and design, but the graphic images and extended picture captions help to keep the reader awake - even though the main text sometimes disappears for two or three double page spreads on end. There are also smatterings of pretentious art-world-speak about 'solving certain spatial problems' (in the design of curtain fabrics or teapots) and the introduction (inevitable?) of new jargon: 'shape grammar'(a list of so-called shape 'rules'), 'repurposing' (putting somebody else's work to new use) and 'genetic algorithms' (sculptural designs based on re-processed organic shapes - most of which look like stomach tumours). In his favour, Baker very generously credits students and commercial designers who have produced the effects he describes and illustrates so well. For writers, he sketches in the possibilities of Hypertext and Hypermedia and points to the future of Hyper publishing which he (and Rupert Murdoch)believes will be with us before the end of the century. He seems to have a good oversight of what is possible and practicable - though one wonders how up-to-date the view is when his book may have begun its life anything up to three years ago. He usefully points out that much new technology exists in or drags along with it the forms of earlier periods - so that in an age of electronic communication we still have printed books as a dominant cultural form. Maybe this is as it should be - but Baker makes a persuasive case for the claim that All This is Going to Change.
series other
last changed 2003/04/23 15:14

_id acadia09_252
id acadia09_252
authors Baker, William; Beghini, Alessandro; Carrion, Juan; Tort, Cenk
year 2009
title Scripting for a New Architecture: Studies in Structural Optimization
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2009.252
source ACADIA 09: reForm( ) - Building a Better Tomorrow [Proceedings of the 29th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-9842705-0-7] Chicago (Illinois) 22-25 October, 2009), pp. 252-254
summary This paper describes how scripting has been successfully used by structural engineers at Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, LLP (SOM) to rediscover, apply, and develop several tools for structural optimization. Some of these methods are described in this paper for applications to high-rise buildings and long-span roof structures
series ACADIA
type Short paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id 174f
authors Bakker, N.H.
year 2001
title Spatial Orientation in Virtual Environments
source Delft University of Technology
summary Recently, a growing interest can be detected in the application of Virtual Environment (VE) technology as an operator interface. VEs are three-dimensional computer-generated images that can be shown on a conventional monitor, on a large screen display, or on a head-mounted display. In order to use these three-dimensional interfaces for finding and retrieving information, the user must be able to spatially orient themselves. Different types of VE technology are available for navigating in these VEs, and different types of navigation can be enabled. A choice has to be made between the different options to enable good spatial orientation of the user. There are two main types of VE interfaces: an immersive interface that provides rich sensory feedback to the user when moving around in the VE, and a non-immersive interface that provides only visual feedback to the user when moving around in the VE. Furthermore, navigation through the VE can either be continuous providing fluent motion, or can be discontinuous which means that the viewpoint is displaced instantaneously over a large distance. To provide insight into the possible effects of these options a series of nine experiments was carried out. In the experiments the quality of spatial orientation behaviour of test subjects is measured while using the different types of interface and the different types of navigation. The results of the experiments indicate that immersive navigation improves the perception of displacement through the VE, which in turn aids the acquisition of spatial knowledge. However, as soon as the spatial layout of the VE is learned the two types of navigation interface do not lead to differences in spatial orientation performance. A discontinuous displacement leads to temporary disorientation, which will hinder the acquisition of spatial knowledge. The type of discontinuous displacements has an effect on the time needed for anticipation. The disorienting effects of a discontinuous displacement can be compensated for by enabling cognitive anticipation to the destination of the displacement. These results suggest that immersive navigation might only be beneficial for application domains in which new spatial layouts have to be learned every time or in domains where the primary users are novices. For instance, in training firemen to teach them the layout of new buildings with VE, or in using architectural walkthroughs in VE to show new building designs to potential buyers. Discontinuous movement should not be allowed when exploring a new environment. Once the environment is learned and if fast displacement is essential then discontinuous displacement should be preferred. In this case, the interface designer must make sure that information is provided about the destination of a discontinuous displacement.
series thesis:PhD
last changed 2003/11/21 15:16

_id acadia23_v3_27
id acadia23_v3_27
authors Bakomichali, Vasiliki; Marengo, Mathilde; Thomas, Julia; Ganatra, Hiranya; Neri, Iacopo
year 2023
title Fostering Symbiosis for Ecosystem Revival
source ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 3: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference for the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9891764-1-0]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 24-32.
summary The impact of human activity on natural landscapes has been so profound that scientists defined a new era to characterize the trajectory shift of the planet’s ecosystem. Interference with the operation of planetary mechanisms that support the life cycles of 8.7 million species (Ritchie 2022), for the sole benefit of one, has inevitably created a crisis. The data-informed approach presented in these field notes helps to integrate ecological needs within the design process, and develop more precise design strategies to mitigate this impact.
series ACADIA
type field note
email
last changed 2024/04/17 13:59

_id ecaade2016_228
id ecaade2016_228
authors Balaban, Ozgun and Tuncer, Bige
year 2016
title Visualizing Urban Sports Movement
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2016.2.089
source Herneoja, Aulikki; Toni Österlund and Piia Markkanen (eds.), Complexity & Simplicity - Proceedings of the 34th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, 22-26 August 2016, pp. 89-94
summary In this study, a visualization tool that maps outdoor physical activity such as runs on a map by specifying time, location, activity, gender, age group, etc. is created. This tool reveals the usage patterns of streets within a city for outdoor physical activity. This tool is created within a larger research project that investigates the influence of streets on the leisure walking activity within cities. For this purpose, the tool is capable of presenting the collected multi-modal data that includes personal fitness data, weather data, spatial data, and crime data. Moreover, the tool creates new analysis capabilities such as displaying usage of streets by urban joggers. The research project in which this tool will be used is aimed for designers/planners to improve streets for 'runnability'.
wos WOS:000402064400008
keywords Sports Activity; Big Data; Urban Visualization; Fitness Applications
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id ecaade2012_247
id ecaade2012_247
authors Balaban, Özgün; Kilimci, Elif Sezen Yagmur; Cagdas, Gülen
year 2012
title Automated Code Compliance Checking Model for Fire Egress Codes
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2012.2.117
source Achten, Henri; Pavlicek, Jiri; Hulin, Jaroslav; Matejovska, Dana (eds.), Digital Physicality - Proceedings of the 30th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2 / ISBN 978-9-4912070-3-7, Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Architecture (Czech Republic) 12-14 September 2012, pp. 117-125
summary Architecture today has come to its most complex form. There are lots of criteria such as fi re safety, structure, sustainability etc… which must be controlled by the designers. To improve the performance and accessibility of buildings, governing bodies publish different codes for each of the different criteria. Buildings must comply with these codes to get a permit for construction. The checking of the buildings according the codes is done manually by code offi cials. This process is time consuming, high in cost and prone to errors. To remedy this problem by using the tools like BIM and AI, systems that can automatically check the code compliance of projects are being developed. In this paper we provide an overview of the structures and capabilities of these systems and present the automated code compliance checking system that we develop for checking building models against some parts of the Turkish Fire Codes.
wos WOS:000330320600011
keywords Automated Code Compliance Checking; Fire Codes; BIM
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id eaea2015_t3_paper14
id eaea2015_t3_paper14
authors Pankiewicz, Mateusz; Hirschberg, Urs
year 2015
title Adapting Game Engine Technology to Perform Complex process of Architectural Heritage Reconstructions
source ENVISIONING ARCHITECTURE: IMAGE, PERCEPTION AND COMMUNICATION OF HERITAGE [ISBN 978-83-7283-681-6],Lodz University of Technology, 23-26 September 2015, pp.408-417
summary The paper discusses extensive use of Game Engines in the process of architectural - urban heritage reconstruction and digitalization. Describes available technology, but mainly focuses on the case study project conducted by the author, which uses graphic engine as the primary tool to visualize heritage as a process. Upon experience gathered during the work on the case study, the paper anticipates possible future extensions and applications of such an immersive approach.
keywords game engines; digital reconstruction; real-time heritage
series EAEA
email
last changed 2016/04/22 11:52

_id 05c2
authors Balachandran, M. B. and Gero, John S.
year 1987
title Use of Knowledge in Selection and Control of Optimization Algorithms
source engineering Optimization. 1987. vol. 12: pp. 163-173
summary Computers have been widely used in optimization based problem solving processes to assist with the numerical computations. The widespread availability of symbolic computational tools and recent developments in artificial intelligence now make it feasible to expand the role of computers in this area. Various classes of knowledge used to improve the efficiency of the optimization processes are presented in this paper. A prototype system developed in the domain of multicriteria decision making is demonstrated. The system contains knowledge needed to select appropriate optimization algorithms, to control the solution process, and to select alternate algorithms if needed
keywords multicriteria, algorithms, knowledge base, systems, problem solving, optimization
series CADline
email
last changed 2003/06/02 13:58

_id e220
authors Balachandran, M.B. and Gero, John S.
year 1986
title Formulating and Recognizing Engineering Optimization Problems
source Aus. Conf Mechs. Struct. and Mats (10th : 1986 : Adelaide) edited by G. Sved. pp. 223-228. CADLINE has abstract only.
summary In applying optimization methodology to engineering design, a considerable amount of knowledge is utilized to construct and solve mathematical design models. However, computer based systems to assist this process have concentrated mainly on the numeric computational aspects of the process. This paper outlines a computer system which uses a knowledge-based systems approach to formulate and recognize design optimization problems. Areas of expert knowledge involved in mathematical design modeling and optimization are identified. Such knowledge is encoded explicitly in the system. An example is presented
keywords knowledge base, systems, engineering, design, mathematics, modeling, structures
series CADline
email
last changed 2003/06/02 13:58

_id caadria2015_181
id caadria2015_181
authors Pantic, Igor and Soomeen Hahm
year 2015
title Isomorphic Agency
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2015.179
source Emerging Experience in Past, Present and Future of Digital Architecture, Proceedings of the 20th International Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2015) / Daegu 20-22 May 2015, pp. 179-188
summary This paper deals with the topic of agent based design systems and their application in the process of generative design, with the goal of creating a series of volumetric arrangements of varying surface qualities. To test this approach, we created a custom made tool for Agent Based Modelling - Isomorphic Agency - whose design and functionality are described in this paper. Furthermore, we conduct a series of design exercises which combine different parameters, examining the resulting geometries and underlying organizational principles.
keywords multi agent systems; generative design; design research
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 08:00

_id 08a1
authors Balachandran, M.B. and Gero, John S.
year 1987
title A Knowledge-based Graphical Interface for Structural Design
source Southampton: CM Publications, 1987. pp. 335-346
summary This paper describes a knowledge-based graphical interface for the domain of structural engineering. The key aspects of the system include graphics interpretation, feature extraction of graphic objects and the identification of the entity itself. Details of the implementation of a prototype system using Prolog and C are provided. The domain knowledge is represented as frames. Examples are given to illustrate the performance of the system
keywords structures, user interface, knowledge base, systems, design, engineering, computer graphics, frames
series CADline
email
last changed 2003/06/02 13:58

_id 0697
authors Balachandran, M.B. and Gero, John S.
year 1988
title Development of a Knowledge-Based System for Structural Optimization
source Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1988. pp. 17-24
summary Optimization is a useful and challenging activity in structural design. It provides designers with tools for better designs while saving time in the design process. The features of conventional optimization tools are presented and their limitations are outlined. The impact and role of knowledge-based methodologies in structural optimization processes is discussed. Structural optimization involves a number of tasks which require human expertise, and are traditionally assisted by human designers. These include design optimization formulation, problem recognition and the selection of appropriate algorithm(s). In this representation and processing of constraints are crucial tasks. This paper presents a framework for developing a knowledge-based system to accomplish these tasks. Based on the needs and the nature of the optimization process, a conceptual architecture of an integrated knowledge-based system is presented. The structure and functions of various components of the system are described
keywords knowledge base, systems, integration, optimization, structures, engineering
series CADline
email
last changed 2003/06/02 13:58

_id 044f
authors Balachandran, M.B. and Gero, John S.
year 1990
title Role of Prototypes in Integrating Expert Systems and CAD Systems
source Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1990. v: Design: pp. 195-211
summary This paper describes concepts which allow the development of integrated systems that combine the two technologies of expert systems and computer-aided drafting systems. It demonstrates how an expert system can be used for evaluating and criticizing designs described using traditional CAD packages. The notion of 'prototypes' has been used to play the central role in such an integration. The development, implementation and operation issues of an integrated system, called IPEXCAD, are described
keywords expert systems, prototypes, design, CAD, integration, drafting
series CADline
email
last changed 2003/06/02 13:58

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