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CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	6bd9
authors	Maher, M.L., Gu, N. and Li, F.
year	2001
title	Visualisation and object design in virtual architecture
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2001.039
source	CAADRIA 2001 [Proceedings of the Sixth Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 1-86487-096-6] Sydney 19-21 April 2001, pp. 39-50
summary	The design of virtual architecture is currently ill-defined and lacks a framework for understanding existing designs. We present a basis for the representation of virtual architecture that follows from the idea of conceptual metaphor. This approach addresses the limitations of current environments for designing virtual architecture by providing a basis for combining visualisation and object design.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	ecaade03_047_70_maher
id	ecaade03_047_70_maher
authors	Maher, M.L., Liew, P.-S., Gu, N. and Ding, L.
year	2003
title	An Agent Approach to Supporting Collaborative Design in 3D Virtual Worlds
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2003.047
source	Digital Design [21th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-1-6] Graz (Austria) 17-20 September 2003, pp. 47-52
summary	3D Virtual worlds facilitate a level of communication and collaboration not readily available in conventional CAD systems. The integration of virtual worlds and CAD systems using a common data model can make a significant impact on synchronous collaboration and real time multi-user multi-disciplinary modification of building data. By using agents, the integration of 3D virtual worlds and CAD systems can go beyond that of passive data transfer. With sensors and effectors, each agent can interact with its environment by responding to changes in the CAD system or 3D virtual world, which can take the form of an update to the geometry, or as a recommendation to change non geometric information or to propagate changes to other parts of the design. The reasoning process for each agent can vary from a reflexive behaviour in which the agent responds directly to the sensor data to a reflective behaviour in which the agents reasons about its goals and alternatives before making a change to the environment. We demonstrate this approach using ArchiCAD and Active Worlds as the CAD system and the virtual world platform. An EDM database is used as the central repository for storing the representation of the relevant data model. A multi-agent system is developed to connect the virtual world to this database to allow active data sharing. This agent approach can be extended to the integration of other applications and data models.
keywords	Design Collaboration, Virtual World, Agent and CAD
series	eCAADe
email
more	http://www.arch.usyd.edu.au/~mary
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	6ab6
authors	Maher, M.L., Rutherford, J. and Gero, J.
year	1996
title	Graduate Design Computing Teaching at the University of Sydney
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.1996.233
source	CAADRIA ‘96 [Proceedings of The First Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 9627-75-703-9] Hong Kong (Hong Kong) 25-27 April 1996, pp. 233-244
summary	Design Computing involves the effective application of computing technologies, digital media, formal methods and design theory to the study and practice of design. Computers are assuming a prominent role in design practice. This change has been partly brought about by economic pressures to improve the efficiency of design practice, but there has also been a desire to aid the design process in order to produce better designs. The introduction of new computer-based techniques and methods generally involves a re-structuring of practice and ways of designing. We are also seeing significant current developments that have far reaching implications for the future. These innovations are occuring at a rapid rate and are imposing increasing pressures on design professionals. A re-orientation of skills is required in order to acquire and manage computer resources. If designers are to lead rather than follow developments then they need to acquire specialist knowledge – a general Computing also demands technical competence, an awareness of advances in the field and an innovative spirit to harness the technology understanding of computers and their impact, expertise in the selection and management of computer-aided design systems, and skill in the design an implementation of computer programs and systems.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	8b35
authors	Maher, M.L., Simoff, S.J. and Mitchell, J.
year	1997
title	Formalising building requirements using an Activity/Space Model
source	Automation in Construction 6 (2) (1997) pp. 77-95
summary	The specification of the spatial requirements for a building is the basis for the architectural design of the building. The specification usually takes the form of an extensive text-based document, a briefing database for large projects, or informal discussion between the architect and the client for a small project. The specification of a building is still a hand-crafted presentation of information that is neither carried forward to the next stage of the life cycle of the building, nor formalised so that it can be effectively used for another project. This paper presents a model, specifically developed to capture the idiosyncrasies of specifying buildings, that has the potential to provide the basis for specifying buildings more generally and could provide the basis for facilitating the generation of new designs or the reuse of existing designs. The model makes explicit the representation of activities, spaces and their relationships. The continued development of the Activity/Space (A/S) Model not only provides a formal representation of requirements, but could provide a standard for product modelling of buildings.
series	journal paper
more	http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed	2003/05/15 21:22

_id	9afb
authors	Maher, M.L., Simoff, S. and Cicognani, A.
year	1997
title	Observations from an experimental study of computer-mediated collaborative design
source	M.L. Maher, J.S. Gero, and F Sudweeks eds. Preprints Formal Aspects of Collaborative CAD, Key Centre of Design Computing, University of Sydney, Sydney, pp.165-185
summary	The use of computer technology in design practice is moving towards a distributed resource available to a team of designers. The development of software to support designers has been based largely on the assumption that there will be a single person using the software at a time. Recent developments have enabled the feasibility of software for two or more simultaneous users, leading to the possibility of computer-mediated collaborative design. Research in integrated CAD, virtual design studios, and design protocol studies provide the basis for a formal study of computer-mediated design. We develop an experimental study of computer-mediated collaborative design with the aim of collecting data on the amount and content of design semantics documented using computer applications when designing alone as compared to designing collaboratively. The experiment includes the definition of an hypothesis, aim, methodology, data collection and coding schemes. The experiment and some preliminary observations are presented, followed by directions for further research.
series	other
email
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	174d
authors	Maher, M.L., Simoff, S., Gu, N. and Lau, K.H.
year	2001
title	A virtual office
source	M. Burry (ed.), Cyberspace: The World of Digital Architecture, Images Publishing, Mulgrave, Vic, pp. 196-199
summary	The Virtual Office design provides an environment in a threedimensional virtual worl, in which a person, as an avatar, works alone or holds meetings with others. Two aspects of the design emphasize the "virtual": the walls and the allocation of areas. The design assumes that the walls of a virtual office provide a visual boundary to the place that indicates what is inside and what is outside the office. The functions of the wall include security, privacy, and a place for hanging things. The threedimensional visualization of the wall as a frame with cubes was inspired by the paintings of Piet Mondriaan. The design has five functional areas that are distinct, in order to provide a sense of movement when moving from one type of task to another.
series	other
email
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	9c19
authors	Maher, M.L., Simoff, S., Gu, N. and Lau, K.H.
year	2001
title	Virtual conference centre
source	M. Burry (ed.), Cyberspace: The World of Digital Architecture, Images Publishing, Mulgrave, Vic, pp. 192-195
summary	The Virtual Conference Facilities design is part of the Virtual Campus, which comprises several rooms, hallways, and resource areas. The rooms include facilities for slide projection, recording, and softbots. The three-dimensional visualization of the rooms assumes that an avatar can walk or teleport from one place to another, The design style is a derivation of the Virtual Office design, using similar framelike walls and distinctive activity areas. The facility has three main rooms: the entrance hall, the conference room, and the practice studio. The use of rooms is determined on the basis of activity and conversation privacy, since the main purpose of the facility is to provide a place for people to meet. A person can hear anyone else in the some room talk but cannot hear someone in another room.
series	other
email
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	e501
authors	Maher, M.L., Simoff, S., Gu, N., and Lau, H.K.
year	2000
title	Designing Virtual Architecture
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2000.481
source	CAADRIA 2000 [Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 981-04-2491-4] Singapore 18-19 May 2000, pp. 481-490
summary	Virtual architecture as the design of functional virtual places is not well understood. Most virtual places are created by programmers rather than designed a places in the sense that buildings are designed. As a result, we are in the era of vernacular virtual architecture. While current virtual architecture fulfills certain needs of online users, a well-designed virtual place is becoming essential to cope with the growing complexity and demand in virtual worlds. This paper presents a basis for the design of virtual places that draws on our knowledge of architectural design.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	9c3e
authors	Maher, M.L., Skow, B. and Cicognani, A.
year	1999
title	Designing the virtual campus
source	Design Studies, 20, 319-342
summary	Virtual Worlds are networked environments that look like the physical world, and create a sense of place for the person communicating, navigating, and doing things in the virtual world. Virtual worlds have traditionally been developed as games, in fact, most virtual worlds today are games. A virtual campus has been developed in the Architecture Faculty at the University of Sydney that is based on some of the concepts of virtual worlds. The virtual campus is a place on the internet where students can go to take courses, meet with academic staff, and communicate with other students. The development of the virtual campus has been influenced by research in design science and is based on the conceptual metaphor of architectural design. The design of the virtual campus is considered at three levels: the implementation level, the representation level, and the interface level. Identifying these levels provides a basis for the design of virtual worlds for professional and educational environments. The consideration of the representation level results in a consistent use of a conceptual metaphor so that a person in the virtual campus can make use of the facilities in an intuitive manner.
series	journal paper
email
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	da49
authors	Maher, Mary Lou and Gero, John S.
year	2002
title	Agent Models of 3D Virtual Worlds
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2002.125
source	Thresholds - Design, Research, Education and Practice, in the Space Between the Physical and the Virtual [Proceedings of the 2002 Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design In Architecture / ISBN 1-880250-11-X] Pomona (California) 24-27 October 2002, pp. 125-135
summary	Architectural design has relevance to the design of virtual worlds that create a sense of place throughthe metaphor of buildings, rooms, and inhabitable spaces. The design and implementation of virtualworlds has focused on the design of 3D form for fast rendering to allow real time exploration of theworld. Using platforms that were originally designed for computer games, some virtual worlds nowcontain preprogrammed interactive behaviors. We present an agent model of virtual worlds in which theobjects in the world have agency, that is, the objects can sense their environment, reason about theirgoals, and make changes to the environment. This agent model is presented and illustrated using a wallagent. Following from the wall agent, we generalize how agency can be attached to any 3D model in avirtual world.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	a7ba
authors	Maher, Mary Lou and Gu, Ning
year	2002
title	Design Agents in Virtual Worlds - A User-Centred Virtual Architecture Agent
source	Gero JS and Brazier FMT (eds) (2002) Agents in Design 2002. Key Centre of Design Computing and Cognition, University of Sydney, pp. 23-38
summary	This paper presents a User-centred Virtual Architecture (UcVA) Agent, a kind of rational agent capable of representing a person in virtual worlds and designing virtual worlds based on current needs. The two major structural aspects of this agent are Avatar Agent and Design Agent. The UcVA agent in this paper is presented from various perspectives: structure, process, and use scenarios. A proposed application of these agent models and an analysis of User-centred Virtual Architecture designed by this agent illustrates and evaluates this approach to designing virtual architecture.
series	other
email
last changed	2003/05/10 10:16

_id	2fd0
authors	Maher, Mary Lou, Zhao, F. and Gero, John S.
year	1989
title	Creativity in Humans and Computers
source	Helsinki: Acta Polytechnica Scandinavica, 1989. pp. 129-141. Also Published as : Creativity in Humans and Computers: A Discussion of Creativity in Computer-Aided Architectural Design, in J.S. Gero and T. Oksala (eds.) Symposium on Knowledge-based Design in Architecture, Helsinki University of Technology, pp. 31-44. 1988
summary	This paper explores creativity from a process viewpoint. It examines various strategies employed by humans during their creative acts and posits analogous computational processes. The discussion provides a framework for the current work by the authors on knowledge-based creative design
keywords	creativity, design process, architecture, knowledge base
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	a262
authors	Maher, Mary Lou, Zhao, F. and Gero, John S.
year	1989
title	An Approach to Knowledge-Based Creative Design
source	NSF Engineering Design Research Conference. PREPRINT. 1989. pp. 333-346. CADLINE has abstract only
summary	When considering the design process as a search through a design space, creative design occurs when the design space is expanded by adding knowledge from outside the space. A design space includes a state space, points which represent partial design descriptions, and operators that enable the process to move from one state to another. The design operators embody generalized design knowledge about classes of design solutions, i.e. prototypes. The authors' approach to knowledge- based creative design provides mechanisms for prototype adaptation and generation through analogy and mutation. This model is illustrated by creative solutions to building design problems. The implementation is discussed
keywords	synthesis, knowledge, representation, creativity, design process, prototypes, building, architecture, engineering
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/06/02 10:24

_id	4494
authors	Maher, Mary Lou
year	1985
title	Hi-Rise and Beyond : Directions for Expert Systems in Design
source	Computer Aided Design. November, 1985. vol. 17: pp. 420-427 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	This paper commences with a brief introduction to expert systems and then describes the Hi-Rise expert system for structural design in terms of scope, problem solving strategy, knowledge representation and implementation. It then discusses the potential for developing an expert system capable of innovative design and describes the possibility of developing a generic expert system framework appropriate for any structural design problem
keywords	expert systems, civil engineering, structures, knowledge, representation, synthesis
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/05/17 10:19

_id	0b62
authors	Maher, Mary Lou
year	1990
title	Process Models for Design Synthesis
source	AI Magazine. 1990. vol. 11: pp. 49-58
summary	Models of design processes provide guidance in the development of knowledge-based systems for design. The basis for such models comes from both research in design theory and methodology as well as problem solving in artificial intelligence. Three models are presented: decomposition, case-based reasoning, and transformation. Each model provides a formalism for representing design knowledge and experience in distinct and complementary forms
keywords	design process, knowledge base, systems, theory, decomposition, representation, reasoning
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/05/17 10:19

_id	a9f5
authors	Maher, Mary Lou
year	1997
title	Sam: A Multimedia Case Library of Structural Designs
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.1997.005
source	CAADRIA ‘97 [Proceedings of the Second Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 957-575-057-8] Taiwan 17-19 April 1997, pp. 5-13
summary	Recent developments in multimedia and case-based reasoning provide the basis for developing teaching aids for architecture students that present technology and science learning materials as design cases. Case-based reasoning tools can provide assistance in the identification of a relevant design case and the modification of a case for the current design problem. We have developed multimedia library of buildings to support a case-based reasoning approach to teaching structural design. The design cases are linked through a network of concepts that follow a specific learning area, for example, the structural design of tall buildings is linked through the concept of lateral load resistance. The multimedia environment provides an active learning tool that the student uses to generate design solutions.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	ascaad2012_002
id	ascaad2012_002
authors	Maher, Mary Lou
year	2012
title	Designing CAAD for Creativity
source	CAAD \| INNOVATION \| PRACTICE [6th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2012 / ISBN 978-99958-2-063-3], Manama (Kingdom of Bahrain), 21-23 February 2012, pp. 7-9
summary	Can we design CAAD to enhance creativity? CAAD is often considered a tool that assists architects in design by managing documentation and facilitating visualization. While there has been anecdotal concern that CAAD inhibits creativity, there is empirical evidence that CAAD can enhance creativity. The challenge is to develop principles for designing CAAD for creativity based on theoretical and empirical research on recognizing and enhancing individual and distributed creative cognition. This presentation describes three concepts that can lead to principles for designing CAAD to enhance human creativity: recognition, perception, and diversity. // 1. Recognition: A framework for recognizing and evaluating creative design, shown in Figure 1, is developed based on research in psychology and design science that includes novelty, value, and surprise. This framework provides a basis for comparing and evaluating the impact of CAAD on creativity. 2. Perception: Perception affects cognition and therefore interaction design is a critical component of designing CAAD for creativity. The results of an empirical study, shown in Figure 2, using a protocol analysis find that changing perception to include tangible user interfaces has a positive effect on creative cognition. These results lead to design principles for increasing perceptual modalities in future CAAD systems. 3. Diversity: A theoretical framework for social and collective intelligence in design show how an increase in cognitive diversity leads to an increase in innovation. Using this framework we can develop design processes that combine the benefits of individual, team, and crowdsourced design ideas, as shown in Figure 3.
series	ASCAAD
type	keynote paper
email
more	http://www.ascaad.org/conference/2012/papers/ascaad2012_002.pdf
last changed	2012/05/15 20:46

_id	cf2007_447
id	cf2007_447
authors	Maher, Mary Lou; Kathryn Merrick and Rob Saunders
year	2007
title	From Passive to Proactive Design Elements
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / 978-1-4020-6527-9 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / 978-1-4020-6527-9] Sydney (Australia) 11–13 July 2007, pp. 447-460
summary	Agent technology has been used as an organising mechanism for software systems that focus on modularity and autonomy. This paper presents two applications that explore the potential of combining agent technologies with physical building design elements to change the nature of the built environment from a passive space to one that proactively engages with its inhabitants. We focus on how these curious places sense the state of the environment and the activities of the humans in the environment and enhance the human experience, thus going beyond the concept of supporting human activities in traditional approaches to intelligent rooms.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2007/07/06 12:47

_id	ijac202220211
id	ijac202220211
authors	Mahmoud, Randa M.A.; Amr M.A. Youssef
year	2022
title	A computational framework for supporting architectural education of spaces’ furnishing design
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing 2022, Vol. 20 - no. 2, pp. 346–377
summary	Self-learning is receiving great attention internationally in different fields, along with the best utilization of different computational applications or methods. This paper introduces a novel computational approach for supporting Architectural Design Education (ADE) in its early stages; a computational implementation through MATLAB has been developed to conduct the proposed processes. As a scope, spaces’ furnishing design has been selected to demonstrate the proposed computational approach and implementation, while office workspaces have been selected as a representative case. However, the proposed approach provides and enhances ADE through three main concepts: (a) generating design alternatives for different cases of furnishing spaces, (b) providing accurate and flexible evaluations to students’/designers’ works with different levels, and (c) tracking students based on their defaults and relevant sensitive modifications. Different applications of the proposed approach have been generated, analyzed, and validated
keywords	Keywords Computational implementations, architectural design education, spaces’ furnishing, office workspaces, design framewor
series	journal
last changed	2024/04/17 14:29

_id	architectural_intelligence2024_17
id	architectural_intelligence2024_17
authors	Mahnaz Bahremandi-Tolou, Chenhao Wang, Joseph M. Gattas & Dan Luo
year	2024
title	Curved surface form-finding with self-shaping perforated plates
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s44223-024-00059-y
source	Architectural Intelligence Journal
summary	Self-shaping systems offer a promising approach for making complex 3D geometries from the material-driven transformation of 2D sheets. However, current research development of such systems is focused on small-scale applications. This study proposes a self-shaping composite for generation of larger-scale curved surfaces suitable for spatial structures. The composite arises from the novel combination of a perforated plate passive layer and a heat-shrinkable active layer. Experimental investigations are undertaken to assess the influence of perforation parameters of the passive layer over the degree of curvature generated in the self-shaping composite system. A 3D scanner and parametric curvature evaluation tool were used to extract and analyse the fabricated surface curvatures. Three key deformation characteristics were identified: the generated surface is cylindrical with dominant curvature in the x-direction; curvature is approximately uniform across the surface width and length; and curvature is strongly influenced by perforation bridge and strap length parameters. Results of this study support the application of self-shaping curved surfaces for customizable discrete structure parts.
series	Architectural Intelligence
email
last changed	2025/01/09 15:05

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