CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id b029
authors Minsky, M. and Papert, S.
year 1969
title Perceptrons
source MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
summary Perceptrons - the first systematic study of parallelism in computation - has remained a classical work on threshold automata networks for nearly two decades. It marked a historical turn in artificial intelligence, and it is required reading for anyone who wants to understand the connectionist counterrevolution that is going on today. Artificial-intelligence research, which for a time concentrated on the programming of ton Neumann computers, is swinging back to the idea that intelligence might emerge from the activity of networks of neuronlike entities. Minsky and Papert's book was the first example of a mathematical analysis carried far enough to show the exact limitations of a class of computing machines that could seriously be considered as models of the brain. Now the new developments in mathematical tools, the recent interest of physicists in the theory of disordered matter, the new insights into and psychological models of how the brain works, and the evolution of fast computers that can simulate networks of automata have given Perceptrons new importance. Witnessing the swing of the intellectual pendulum, Minsky and Papert have added a new chapter in which they discuss the current state of parallel computers, review developments since the appearance of the 1972 edition, and identify new research directions related to connectionism. They note a central theoretical challenge facing connectionism: the challenge to reach a deeper understanding of how "objects" or "agents" with individuality can emerge in a network. Progress in this area would link connectionism with what the authors have called "society theories of mind."
series other
email
last changed 2003/04/23 15:14

_id ecaade2021_148
id ecaade2021_148
authors Mintrone, Alessandro and Erioli, Alessio
year 2021
title Training Spaces - Fostering machine sensibility for spatial assemblages through wave function collapse and reinforcement learning
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2021.1.017
source Stojakovic, V and Tepavcevic, B (eds.), Towards a new, configurable architecture - Proceedings of the 39th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia, 8-10 September 2021, pp. 17-26
summary This research explores the integration of Deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) and a Wave Function Collapse (WFC) algorithm for a goal-driven, open-ended generation of architectural spaces. Our approach binds RL to a distributed network of decisions, unfolding through three key steps: the definition of a set of architectural components (tiles) and their connectivity rules, the selection of the tile placement location, which is determined by the WFC, and the choice of which tile to place, which is performed by RL. The act of thinking becomes granular and embedded in an iterative process, distributed among human and non-human cognitions, which constantly negotiate their agency and authorial status. Tools become active agents capable of developing their own sensibility while controlling specific spatial conditions. Establishing an interdependency with the human, that engenders the design patterns and becomes an indispensable prerequisite for the exploration of the generated design space, exceeding human or machinic reach alone.
keywords Reinforcement Learning; Machine Learning; Proximal Policy Optimization; Assemblages; Wave Function Collapse
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:58

_id ecaade2017_105
id ecaade2017_105
authors Miodragovic Vella, Irina and Kotnik, Toni
year 2017
title Stereotomy, an Early Example of a Material System
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2017.2.251
source Fioravanti, A, Cursi, S, Elahmar, S, Gargaro, S, Loffreda, G, Novembri, G, Trento, A (eds.), ShoCK! - Sharing Computational Knowledge! - Proceedings of the 35th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy, 20-22 September 2017, pp. 251-258
summary Stereotomy originated as a technique that accumulated theoretical and practical knowledge on stone material properties and construction. At its peak in the nineteenth century, by pushing the structure and construction limits, it gained the ability of using "the weight of the stone against itself by making it hover in space through the very weight that should make it fall down" (Perrault 1964, cited Etelin, 2012). The modern architectural tectonics, based on structural comprehension in architecture, found no value in stereotomy beyond its early, Gothic period. Similarly, digital architectural theory recognized in Gothic the early examples of a material systems. This paper reassesses stereotomy at its fundamental levels, as a material system based on generative processes that assimilate structure and construction through parameterization. In this way, a theoretical framework is established that exposes stereotomy's intrinsic potentials: the continuity of historic and contemporary examples, overlaps between current research endeavours, and its genuine relevance for contemporary digital architecture.
keywords stereotomy, material system, Abeille vault, parametric design
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:58

_id ecaade2017_108
id ecaade2017_108
authors Miodragovic Vella, Irina and Kotnik, Toni
year 2017
title Contemporary Stereotomic Trait, an Opportunity for the Development of the Volumetric Digital Architecture
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2017.1.739
source Fioravanti, A, Cursi, S, Elahmar, S, Gargaro, S, Loffreda, G, Novembri, G, Trento, A (eds.), ShoCK! - Sharing Computational Knowledge! - Proceedings of the 35th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy, 20-22 September 2017, pp. 739-746
summary Stereotomy is generally known in architecture as a stone carving technique for the purpose of constructing masonry assemblies. A deeper analysis reveals stereotomic design processes' ability to resolve multiple structure and construction constrains, derived as underlying geometries and their relationships, into architectural volumetric complexities. The paper argues that the trait, stereotomic geometric negotiations platform, re-examined in a contemporary context, lends itself as a theoretical model for the current digital architecture's pursuits of multiple constraints assimilations within design processes and their physical reflection in formal complexities.
keywords stereotomy, trait, digital architecture, digital design
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:58

_id 02a1
authors Mirabelli, P., Fortuzzi, A., Petric, J. and Maver, Th.
year 1994
title Archive of European Architecture : A Proposal for Collaborative Action
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1994.029
source The Virtual Studio [Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Education in Computer Aided Architectural Design / ISBN 0-9523687-0-6] Glasgow (Scotland) 7-10 September 1994, pp. 29-35
summary Advances in information technology - particularly in multi media - offer a major challenge to the European Schools of Architecture. This paper proposes a collaborative venture in the compilation of an Interactive Multi-Media Archive of great european Architecture (IMAGE:A). It envisages an agreed specification and common mediums for access to and development of the archive. Discussion of this important initiative will, hopefully, feature throughout the Conference.
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:58

_id 1a92
authors Mirabelli, Paolo
year 2001
title Public Cyberspace Planning and Design. Architect’s role in the construction of the virtual city
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2001.042
source Architectural Information Management [19th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-8-1] Helsinki (Finland) 29-31 August 2001, pp. 42-46
summary Architects need to consider ICT not as a tool for design but as a space to be designed. The relation between this space and the physical city must be driven from an impact to a positive and needed expansion of the urban space; an occasion to support and foster social integration and development. To achieve this, it is needed to put an effort in evolving both planning and design techniques as well as public policies for this mixed (physical/ digital) urban space. The references for doing it may be found more in the history of technology developments then in the technology itself, but a wide contribution from diverse disciplines is needed. How to do this, it’s mostly to be found out through projects, in which architects can play the fundamental role of planners that coordinate the activities of actors involved, while taking care of the public interest. Many cities are progressively losing the space devoted to foster solid social structures, so a relevant focus for projects may be aimed at the design of public cyberspace to recover the building of local social networks. A starting point could be found in the Community Networking movement, which architects could build upon, using their design skills in order to evolve this kind of spaces beyond the spontaneous and random phase. A wide range of issues are to be addressed: from needed public policies to accessibility that must be provided to anybody in order to avoid sharpening social alienation due to cultural, economical or physical reasons. An experiment is going to be carried out within a local development project promoted in Rome.
keywords Cyberspace Design, Urban Planning, E-Society, Community Networking, Selfsustainable Local Development
series eCAADe
last changed 2022/06/07 07:58

_id e524
authors Miranda, Valerian and Degelman, Larry 0.
year 1987
title An Experimental Computer-Aided Design Studio
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1987.019
source Integrating Computers into the Architectural Curriculum [ACADIA Conference Proceedings] Raleigh (North Carolina / USA) 1987, pp. 19-28
summary A pilot experiment was conducted in the use of microcomputers and Computer Aided Design (CAD) software for architectural design education. The CAD workstations were incorporated into two consecutive semesters of the third year design studio and consisted of TANDY 3000 HD (tm) microcomputers with 20 megabyte hard disks, digitizer tablets, digitizer mice, enhanced graphics capabilities, dot-matrix printers and multi-pen plotters. Software packages included the Personal Architect (tm), VersaCAD (tm), DataCAD (tm), word processing software etc. Student to machine ratio of 4 to 1 was maintained and the use of the equipment was made available to students for approximately 20 hours per day.

Design assignments neither emphasized nor required the use of CAD techniques, as the experiment was designed to measure the students' acceptance of and adaptation to the use of CAD tools. The objective was to "teach" design in the traditional sense of a design studio, while making the computer an integral part of the setting in which the student learned designing and problem solving.

Measurements were made of (1) time for the "fundamentals" learning curve, (2) time for a "basic competence" learning curve, (3) hours utilized by categories of type of use, (4) hours utilized by equipment and software type, and (5) progress in design ability as evaluated by the traditional jury review methods.

series ACADIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:58

_id sigradi2016_430
id sigradi2016_430
authors Miret, Santiago
year 2016
title Mil edificios, procesos maquínicos en estrategias proyectuales complejas [One thousand buildings, machinic processes in complex project strategies]
source SIGraDi 2016 [Proceedings of the 20th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-956-7051-86-1] Argentina, Buenos Aires 9 - 11 November 2016, pp.26-33
summary This Paper refers to an ongoing Postgraduate Master thesis that is in the search to criticize the habitat devices in the framework of the collective housing project. The habitat devices are frozen configurations that hinders the processes of design in the discipline and conspires with the idea of innovation. This paper proposes new ways and models for the generative processes in Architecture. In this sense, six "disruptions" are deployed in order to attack the primary problems in collective housing projects generative processes.
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2021/03/28 19:58

_id cdrf2022_244
id cdrf2022_244
authors Miric Ljubica
year 2022
title Collective Intelligence and Effects of Anticipation
doi https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8637-6_21
source Proceedings of the 2022 DigitalFUTURES The 4st International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2022)
summary Based on the extrapolation of contemporary theories that mind is a prediction machine, this paper points out the repetitive nature of the prediction parameters of collective intelligence anticipation scenarios and questions the hybridity of fears and desires regarding the evolution of artificial intelligence. Through the analysis of mnemonic principles of remembrance it combines the ancient technique of the art of memory with the contemporary views on the dynamics of perceptions in order to establish a link between the spatial constructs and their rapid expansion through the presence of the digital medium while in parallel suggesting an approach to the integration of the necessity for a more sophisticated systems of artificial intelligence into the collective intelligence. The main question of this paper is whether the anticipation of the future results in the creation of such a future, can a prediction-based interaction between man and machine govern its outcome? In order to attempt to develop potential new methods of integrating an idea of a different, more neutral outcome, the focus will be on the characteristics of perception that surpass the influenced, emotional response, and the observation of the general, innate human mechanisms of alignment. Through the study of the principles of memory the aim of this paper is to ask whether the individual comprehension of space and time as disengaged in given examples can in fact produce a system of ideas compatible in its nature to that of the machine itself. What are the main aspects of both human and machine that would stem their hybridity, and how should the collective intelligence adapt to enable the interlink?
series cdrf
email
last changed 2024/05/29 14:02

_id cdrf2021_179
id cdrf2021_179
authors Mirjam Konrad, Dana Saez, and Martin Trautz
year 2021
title Integration of Algorithm-Based Optimization into the Design Process of Industrial Buildings: A Case Study
doi https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5983-6_17
source Proceedings of the 2021 DigitalFUTURES The 3rd International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2021)

summary Algorithm-based optimization is widely applied in many fields like industrial production, resulting in state-of-the-art workflows in the production process optimization. This project takes the cultural lag of conventional industrial architecture design as a motivation to investigate the implementation of algorithmbased optimization into traditional design processes. We argue that an enhanced way of architectural decision-making is possible. Current approaches use a translation of the whole design problem into a single, overly complicated optimization system. Contrary to that, this paper presents a novel workflow that defines precise design steps and applies optimizations only if suitable. Furthermore, this method can generate relevant results for factory planning design problems with contradicting factors, making it a promising approach for the complex challenges of i.e. resource-efficient building.
series cdrf
email
last changed 2022/09/29 07:53

_id cdrf2021_349
id cdrf2021_349
authors Mirko Daneluzzo and Michele Daneluzzo
year 2021
title Reinventing Staircases for Thermoplastic Additive Manufacturing
doi https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5983-6_32
source Proceedings of the 2021 DigitalFUTURES The 3rd International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2021)

summary The paper presents an ongoing project focusing on the application of additive manufacturing technologies for the design of staircases. Additive digital fabrication allows architects to reinvestigate materials, processes, and creates new design opportunities to explore novel aesthetical and functional expression in architecture, enabling a reinterpretation of the typology of the staircase, using thermoplastic materials. This paper reviews the opportunities and challenges of using 3D printing for fabricating custom stairs with complex geometries in two studied configurations.
series cdrf
email
last changed 2022/09/29 07:53

_id architectural_intelligence2023_9
id architectural_intelligence2023_9
authors Mirko Daneluzzo, Andrea Macruz, Hind Tawakul & Mona Al Hashimi
year 2023
title Multispecies design: 3D-printed biomimetic structures to enhance humidity levels
doi https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s44223-023-00027-y
source Architectural Intelligence Journal
summary The paper changes the focus of the design debate from a human-centered design methodology to a posthuman design that takes both human and nonhuman agents into account. It examines how designers might use a multispecies perspective to produce projects with distinguished intelligence and performance. To illustrate this, we describe a project of structures for plants that started on a course in an academic setting. The project methodology begins with “Thing Ethnography”, investigating the movement of a water bottle inside a house and its interaction with other objects. The correlation between water and plants was decided to be further expanded, considering how water might enhance the environmental humidity and create a cooler microclimate for indoor plants. According to their effectiveness, 3D-printed biomimetic structures were designed and manufactured as water droplet supports considering different materials, and positioned in various configurations around a plant. Humidity levels and temperature of the structures were measured. As a result, this created a novel method for mass customization and working with plants. The paper discusses the resultant evidence-based design and the environmental values related to it.
series Architectural Intelligence
email
last changed 2025/01/09 15:00

_id acadia14projects_219
id acadia14projects_219
authors Mirmotahari, AmirReza; Theodosiou, Joanna; Al-Hadeethi, Shahad Thamer
year 2014
title CrystalCloud
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.219.2
source ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Projects of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9789126724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp. 219-222
summary The aim of this project is to create a system that hybridizes two natural systems, clouds and crystals, and simultaneously explores the aspect of light. These rich domains with the introduction of small glass beads lead to an intricate fabric of architecture and moreover to a high-resolution fabric of light.
keywords synthetic constructability, Multi Agent Systems in Design, Robotics and Autonomous Design Systems, Big Data, Simulation + Intuition, Design Decision Making, Generative Design, Multidisciplinary Design Optimization, Design Computing and Cognition
series ACADIA
type Student's Research Projects
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:58

_id 0865
authors Mishima, Yoshitaka and Szalapaj, Peter John
year 2001
title Architectural Design Development through Multimedia Interaction
source Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures [ISBN 0-7923-7023-6] Eindhoven, 8-11 July 2001, pp. 299-314
summary This paper describes the development of a multimedia system aimed at architects and architectural students for the purpose of helping them to understand the basic concepts of architectural analysis. Analytical features in the system that we have developed include many design-theoretic concepts such as massing, balance and circulation. Other concepts are more directly related to the built environment and include elements such as lighting, structure and construction. The system illustrates architectural analysis carried out on a range of building types dynamically, and allows users to navigate architectural analyses interactively. Users can learn about the differences between buildings and their corresponding analyses in a supportive non-linear learning process, and can explore building types depending upon their own interests or needs. The prototype system contains analyses of three British building projects. They show different types of architecture in order to demonstrate important design theoretic and environmental differences. Conceptual models in the system show important aspects of a particular analysis simply, and each analysis is additionally described with text, animations, video clips and interviews with architects (talking heads). Most of the models were generated by the use of architectural CAD software. Animation techniques were used to describe the analyses of buildings clearly and dynamically. Users can visualise how whole buildings were designed from an analytical point of view, and the system illustrates design thinking by showing dynamic presentations of analyses. Users can structure their own design learning processes through a series of interactions. These interactions are supported with flexible cross-referencing mechanisms implemented in Macromedia Director 8.0 exploiting Frame Markers, Event Handling, Navigation, and Buttons in the context of the object-oriented Lingo programming language. The navigation component of this system has a logical matrix structure reflecting the fact that analytical information is interrelated across building types, giving rise to vertical and horizontal patterns of access. The features of Director 8.0 can control this navigation in a flexible yet structured way. Users not only learn about analysis, but also how to present their own designs to the public through the use of different kinds of presentation techniques, particularly through the use of conceptual models. We intend that users can show their projects from their own analytical viewpoints instead of simply showing realistic images of final designs. Presentations can also be recorded in the system, and these can in turn be used as reference material for other users. This system is currently being developed further by storing presentations and translating them into different languages (e.g. Japanese) so that foreign users in other institutions can interact with these presentations. This system has been evaluated in the context of an undergraduate CAD course at the School of Architecture, University of Sheffield, UK. We are currently examining the usefulness of the system based upon an evaluation process, in addition to including more building types for future study.
keywords Analysis Of Form, Dynamic Interaction, Conceptual Models
series CAAD Futures
email
last changed 2006/11/07 07:22

_id 6b7d
authors Mishima, Yoshitaka and Szalapaj, Peter
year 1999
title ADMIRE: an Architectural Design Multimedia Interaction Resource for Education
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1999.201
source Architectural Computing from Turing to 2000 [eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-5-7] Liverpool (UK) 15-17 September 1999, pp. 201-209
summary This paper describes the development of a multimedia system called ADMIRE (an Architectural Design Multimedia Interaction Resource for Education), which enables undergraduate students to understand how to analyse existing buildings dynamically, as well as to develop their own initial architectural design theories. The system contains architectural information in the form of fully rendered models, conceptual illustrations created with a range of CAD software, and multimedia presentations showing various design theoretic analyses. Buildings are described with CAD generated images, and architects with profiles and theories. In addition to rendered designs, there are also conceptual models of each building in the system. Conceptual models are simplified forms of original designs in order to support an analytical understanding of buildings according to various analyses, such as structure, light, circulation, unit to whole, geometry, etc. Each conceptual model constitutes a different analysis of each building. The ADMIRE system links each piece of information to another, so that students can explore architecture and learn about it in a dynamic way. This system demonstrates a new way of learning about architectural analysis through dynamic multimedia computer interaction.
keywords Dynamic Multimedia System, Analytical Models, Interactive Pedagogical Resource
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:58

_id a6f7
authors Mitchell, J.R. and Radford, Antony D.
year 1986
title Adding Knowledge to Computer-Aided Detailing
source 1986. pp. 31-35
summary A knowledge based approach to computer-aided detailing is described with an example of a generative system for the design of eaves details for domestic architecture. The program uses Prolog as a knowledge base with an integrated color raster graphics display facility
keywords knowledge base, systems, architecture, CAD, detailing
series CADline
last changed 2003/06/02 13:58

_id ce3b
authors Mitchell, J.R. and Radford, Antony D.
year 1987
title EAVE, A Generative Expert System for Detailing
source Environment and Planning B. 1987. vol. 14: pp. 281-292
summary Grammars of shapes and designs are rule-based models for the generation of members of a class of designs. The applicability of the formalism as a basis for generative expert systems for construction details in computer-aided design is discussed. A demonstration system is presented
keywords applications, automation, synthesis, shape grammars, CAD, expert systems
series CADline
last changed 2003/06/02 14:41

_id a9d7
authors Mitchell, J.W. and McCullough, M.
year 1991
title Digital Design Media: A Handbook for Architects and Design Professionals
source Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, pp. 421-422
summary In Digital Design Media architects and related design professionals will find a complete conceptual guide to the multidimensional world of computer-aided design. In contrast to the many books that describe how to use particular programs (and which therefore go out of date very quickly), Digital Design Media constructs a lasting theoretical framework, which will make it easier to understand a great number of programs-existing and future-as a whole. Clear structure, numerous historical references, and hundreds of illustrations make this framework both accessible to the nontechnical professional and broadening for the experienced computer-aided designer. The book will be especially valuable to anyone who is ready to expand their work in CAD beyond production drafting systems. The new second edition adds chapters one merging technologies, such as the Internet, but the book's original content is as valid as ever. Thousands of design students and practitioners have made this book a standard.
series other
email
last changed 2003/04/23 15:14

_id cf2007_317
id cf2007_317
authors Mitchell, John; Justin Wong and Jim Plume
year 2007
title Design Collaboration Using IFC
source Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / 978-1-4020-6527-9 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / 978-1-4020-6527-9] Sydney (Australia) 11–13 July 2007, pp. 317-329
summary This paper reports a study that has been undertaken as part of an on-going project to examine the capacity of building information modelling (BIM) techniques to support collaborative design in the building industry. In particular, our premise is that effective design collaboration relies on the ability to exchange BIM data in a robust way using an open information standard such as IFC. The focus of this present work has been on the processes involved in design collaboration between architects and engineers responsible for advising on thermal performance issues. We begin by looking at the kinds of data that needs to be exchanged to support such collaboration. We then test the exchange using a pilot project model and finally review the capacity of the IFC standard to support such processes.
series CAAD Futures
email
last changed 2007/07/06 12:47

_id acadia22pr_142
id acadia22pr_142
authors Mitchell, R. Scott
year 2022
title The Arroyo Bridge - Collaborative Robotics for Large Scale Fabrication
source ACADIA 2022: Hybrids and Haecceities [Projects Catalog of the 42nd Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9860805-7-4]. University of Pennsylvania Stuart Weitzman School of Design. 27-29 October 2022. edited by M. Akbarzadeh, D. Aviv, H. Jamelle, and R. Stuart-Smith. 142-147.
summary The Arroyo Bridge, spanning 80-feet across a ravine near Los Angeles, is anchored by four, 35-foot deep concrete pilings, hand-bored into the hillside to provide adequate support in the alluvial soil. An asymmetrical superstructure of over 600 discrete parts, the bridge is joined by unique part-to-part connections that frame the pedestrian walkway. From a distance, the biomorphic shape integrates into a steep landscape of eucalyptus, coming into view only upon approach. The tubular silhouette draws inspiration from the vascular architecture of leaves and layered branching system of trees in the neighboring forest.
series ACADIA
type project
email
last changed 2024/02/06 14:06

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