Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	e17f
authors	Turner, J.A., Tsou, J.-Y. and Prayoonhong, C.
year	1990
title	Information Modeling Applied to Cost and Energy Analysis During the Early Stages of Building Design
source	International Conference Proceedings on Systems Research (5th. : 1990 ). [6] p. : ill. includes bibliography
summary	The evaluation of design solutions by computer can only be achieved if the information describing the building design is in a form accessible by the computer. This not only demands that the data is in a machine-readable form, but that the data is logically organized, classified, and grouped so that its 'knowledge' can be found, extracted, used and modified by the variety of external sources. The article presents applications of information modeling to the design of knowledge bases to support design cost control and energy analysis
keywords	knowledge base, systems, analysis, architecture, energy, information, modeling, cost, evaluation
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 14:41

_id	a158
authors	Turner, James A.
year	1987
title	Graphic Standards: IGES and PDES in an AEC Environment
source	Integrating Computers into the Architectural Curriculum [ACADIA Conference Proceedings] Raleigh (North Carolina / USA) 1987, pp. 195-
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1987.x.v4s
summary	The idea made a lot of sense: many diverse CAD systems communicating a common project data-base through a neutral format translator. The "Initial Graphics Exchange Specification", kindly known as IGES (pronounced "I guess" by its proponents, and "I guess not" by its opponents) was the the initial effort, and is either loved or hated; there is no "neutral" ground. Has it succeeded? Has it failed? Is there a future in this neutral format business? Was CAD meant to be "design" or "drafting"? Does industry support it? What does it mean for architecture? Is a "one-to-many" translator a wonderful idea, but impossible to implement? Is a complete set of "one-to-one" translators a better idea? This paper will give a short history of IGES, discuss its reason for being, list its strengths and weaknesses, examine its inner workings, and introduce the current effort of the IGES committee: a total "Product Design Exchange Specification", PDES (and internationally as STEP). It will also discuss the techniques used by the PDES application committees to model their various products, and give a case study of the effort of the AEC committee in modeling an architectural "product". The paper will conclude with the opinions on the future of IGES by the author (a four year member of the IGES/PDES organization).
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:49

_id	7a4c
authors	Turner, James A. and Hall, Theodore W.
year	1990
title	An Application of Geometric Modeling and Ray Tracing to the Visual and Acoustical Analysis of a Municipal Open-Air Auditorium
source	From Research to Practice edited by J. Peter Jordan, pp. 173-185, Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture
summary	The APRL of The University of Michigan was recently contracted to develop geometric models of a large open-air auditorium on the Detroit River to facilitate computer aided visual and acoustical analysis. This paper is a summary of the approaches taken to construct solid and surface models of the auditorium, and to develop general software for acoustical simulation. The project was a cooperative effort between: faculty and students of the APRL; Kent L. Hubbell Architects, a local architecture office; Robert Darvas Associates, a local structural engineering firm; and OC Birdair.
series	other
email
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	acadia20_678
id	acadia20_678
authors	Tursack, Hans
year	2020
title	Theoretical Notes on the Aesthetics of Architectural Texture Mapping
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume I: Technical Papers [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95213-0]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by B. Slocum, V. Ago, S. Doyle, A. Marcus, M. Yablonina, and M. del Campo. 678-687.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2020.1.678
summary	This paper explores several historical and contemporary examples of architecture that employ graphic texture mapping in their design processes. The technique of texture mapping is outlined as a particular formal relationship between images, geometric scaffolds, and new material explorations. Texture-mapped architecture is a relatively contemporary phenomenon that is distinct from several known genres of image-building hybrids such as media facades, Ganzfeld art installations, building-scale projection experiments, postmodern semiotic billboards, and affective ornamental pattern strategies. Architectural texturing utilizes UV editors in modeling and animation software platforms to place and edit two-dimensional graphics or photographic images on three-dimensional models. UV editors allow an unprecedented degree of precision during the design process; image and geometry can be manipulated in tandem and two-dimensional source material can be edited and live-updated. Material manifestations of this process use commercial printing technologies and one-off processes developed by artists and designers to generate building-grade printed envelopes. The theoretical wager of the paper is that the accessibility/availability of texture mapping techniques, digital printing technologies, and new materials (such as 3M’s vinyl wraps) have triggered a graphic impulse in contemporary experimental architecture culture. Images, color theory, and flat graphics are now central to compositional theory as it is taught in academia and applied in the field.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	ecaade2016_097
id	ecaade2016_097
authors	Turunen, Heidi
year	2016
title	Additive Manufacturing and Value Creation - in Architectural Design, Design Process and End-products
source	Herneoja, Aulikki; Toni Österlund and Piia Markkanen (eds.), Complexity & Simplicity - Proceedings of the 34th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, 22-26 August 2016, pp. 103-111
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2016.1.103
wos	WOS:000402063700012
summary	The objective of this paper is to clarify how value creation can be a part of architectural design and end-products when using the new emerging technology of additive manufacturing. Different kinds of values that have emerged from the research material have been analysed and summarised using selected case studies of recent building-scale projects. In applying this technique to architecture, the result can be visually and functionally novel, smarter and more sustainable buildings or products. A new individually manufactured or customised architecture can be created to serve different cultural and well-being needs cost effectively and without any waste. This new production method can lead to unique joint structures with the use of traditionally produced new or old building parts to enhance architecture, prevent climate change or aid environmental issues. However, most research projects and applications done by commercial companies are at the early stages.
keywords	Large-scale additive manufacturing; 3D printed architecture; Digital design; New materials; New production methods
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	23e4
authors	Tuzmen, Ayca
year	2001
title	Self-Sustainability of Effective Team Performance in a Collaborative Design Environment
source	Reinventing the Discourse - How Digital Tools Help Bridge and Transform Research, Education and Practice in Architecture [Proceedings of the Twenty First Annual Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture / ISBN 1-880250-10-1] Buffalo (New York) 11-14 October 2001, pp. 122-131
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2001.122
summary	A number of studies have contributed to the design and development of effective collaborative design environments. They have focused on the communication of interrelated team members, the creation of shared understanding and vision, and shared discovery of design solutions. However, only few studies have focused on the design or the development of collaborative design environments that would allow all the members of the design team to plan their processes, enact according to their plan, monitor and influence their performance in following the planned processes, and prevent them from deviating unconsciously from their desired performance. This paper introduces the constructs of a distributed process management environment (DPME) which was designed to stimulate self-sustainability of effective team performance in an collaborative design environment by supporting: (a) the shared creation of a process plan, (b) the enactment of a process according to its plan, (c) the monitoring of the outcome and process of the team, and (d) the control of the team performance. It presents the findings of a study conducted for evaluating the effectiveness of the DPME in meeting the conditions required for collaborative building design.
keywords	Collaboration, Process Management, Sustaining Effective Team Performance
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	802d
authors	Tweed, Christopher
year	2001
title	The social context of CAAD in practice
source	Automation in Construction 10 (5) (2001) pp. 617-629
summary	The term 'application domain' crops up in many CAAD research papers and yet seldom is the domain described in any detail. In the absence of a detailed understanding of the application domain, CAAD research often substitutes a typical `designer' or `architect' as the end-user of developed systems. The end-user's beliefs, norms, values, history and other concrete characteristics are rarely fleshed out beyond a stereotypical, totalising view, which serves as an `ideal-type' that offers a psychological economy, avoiding the need for us to think too deeply about individual CAAD users. But, as anyone who has taught architecture or worked in practice will be aware, despite many shared interests and attitudes among a given group of designers, there is considerable variation across individuals, not just in skills but in general disposition or `styles' of comportment, which shape how individuals go about designing. Design research has mostly been blind to such variations. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to begin to fashion a set of questions that will enrich our knowledge and to suggest a framework that can be used to answer them.
series	journal paper
more	http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed	2003/05/15 21:23

_id	acadia16_424
id	acadia16_424
authors	Twose, Simon; du Chatenier, Rosa
year	2016
title	Experimental Material Research - Digital Chocolate
source	ACADIA // 2016: POSTHUMAN FRONTIERS: Data, Designers, and Cognitive Machines [Proceedings of the 36th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-692-77095-5] Ann Arbor 27-29 October, 2016, pp. 424-431
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2016.424
summary	This research investigates the aesthetics of a shared agency between humans, computation and physical material. ‘Chocolate’ is manipulated in physical and virtual space simultaneously to extract aesthetic conditions that are a sum of human and non-human relations. This is an attempt to further the knowledge of designing, giving physical and digital materials force in determining their own aesthetics. The research springs from work in speculative aesthetics, particularly N. Katherine Hayles’s OOI (object-oriented inquiry) and Graham Harman’s OOO (object-oriented ontology) and explores how these ideas impact contemporary computational architectural design. To study this, a simple material has been chosen, chocolate, and used as a vehicle to investigate the dynamics of physical and digital materials and their shared/differing ‘resistances to human manipulation’ (Pickering 1995). Digital chocolate is ‘melted’ through virtual heat, and the results printed and cast in real chocolate, to be further manipulated in real space. The resistances and feedback of physical and digital chocolate to human ‘prodding’ (Hayles 2014) are analyzed in terms of a material’s qualities and tendencies in digital space versus those in physical space. Observations from this process are used to speculate on an aesthetics where humans, computation and physical material are mutually agential. This research is a pilot for a larger study taking on more complex conditions, such as building and cities, with a view to broadening how aesthetics is understood in architectural design. The contribution of this research to the field of architectural computation is thus in areas of aesthetic speculation and human/non-human architectural authorship.
keywords	object-oriented inquiry, speculative aesthetics, mutual agency, big data
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	f3aa
authors	Tyler, Sherman William
year	1986
title	SAUCI. Self-Adaptive User Computer Interfaces
source	Carnegie Mellon University,Pittsburgh
summary	Different approaches to the design of the human-computer interface have been taken in the past. These can be organized into four broad categories: tack-on; intuitive/empirical; formal; and conversational. There are several important interface design criteria that have never been adequately attained in any of these approaches. One is modularity, that is, maintaining a clear separation between the interface and its target system. A second criterion is self-adaptation, or the ability of the interface to modify its own behavior to suit a given individual user. Two further criteria relate to the interface's potential to guide users in performing typical high-level tasks on the target system and to provide intelligent advice on the use of that system. This research was focused on developing an integrated technique for achieving these four design criteria. To that end, an abstract architecture called SAUCI, or the Self-Adaptive User-Computer Interface, was proposed, embodying a knowledge-based, object-oriented approach to interface design. The foundation of this approach rests upon information encoded within sets of objects. This information includes separate knowledge bases describing the individual users, the commands of the target system, and the high-level tasks appropriate for that system. The behavior of the interface is controlled by various methods which call upon the knowledge bases in a rule-governed manner to decide what interface features should be present at each phase of the user's dialogue with the target system. To test the feasibility of the proposed architecture, a working interface was implemented on a Xerox 1108 computer in the LOOPS language, with a UNIX operating system running on a separate minicomputer as the target system. An empirical evaluation of this prototype revealed clear advantages over the standard interface. Closer examination pointed to each of the factors of modularity, task guidance, and user-tailored assistance as playing a significant role in these effects. A discussion of additional applications of this architecture and of areas for future development is offered as further evidence of the value of this approach as a general framework for human-computer interface design.
series	thesis:PhD
last changed	2003/02/12 22:37

_id	41b9
authors	Tzamir, Yigal and Churchman, Arza
year	1988
title	An Ethical Perspective On Knowledge in Architectural Education
source	1988. pp. 1-17 : 5 maps. includes bibliography
summary	This article focused upon the cognitive source of knowledge that can be used in the architectural decision-making process, and upon the ethical positions that can be taken to justify their use. The educational implications of the relationship between these two spheres is examined in a study of the reported design behavior and attitudes of architecture students
keywords	architecture, education, ethics, knowledge
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 10:24

_id	35d4
authors	Tzonis, Alexander
year	2000
title	Community in the Mind. A Model for Personal and Collaborative Design
source	CAADRIA 2000 [Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 981-04-2491-4] Singapore 18-19 May 2000, pp. 1-14
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2000.001
summary	The present paper will discuss a landmark historical change that occurred during the last decade redefining architecture from an insular, solitary, and private activity into a distributed, cooperative, and community-based one. It will inquire into the reasons for this shift and explore the need to develop a new framework for personal and collaborative design and the opportunities resulting from it. How do we reason together in design? What are the criteria for selecting the technology to be used? How is knowledge acquired in such interactive framework? What are the new problems that emerge out of Collaborative Design? What are the new criteria to be applied when evaluating new design methods in the new context of Design Community? The paper will also examine some ideas related to a model for Personal and Collaborative Design and explore cognitive aspects of Community in the Mind. It will raise some basic question concerning new directions for research: The relation between Collaborative Design model to the cross-cultural design practice and the relation between cognitive organization of the Design Mind and the social organization of the Design Community.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	cf2017_671
id	cf2017_671
authors	Tüntas Karaman, Duygu
year	2017
title	Models of Subjectivity and Intentionality in Computational Architecture: From Centralized to Distributed Approach
source	Gülen Çagdas, Mine Özkar, Leman F. Gül and Ethem Gürer (Eds.) Future Trajectories of Computation in Design [17th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2017, Proceedings / ISBN 978-975-561-482-3] Istanbul, Turkey, July 12-14, 2017, pp. 671-681.
summary	Triggered by the dominant criticisms on the formalism of current computational approaches and algorithmic modes to form generation, this paper challenges this view on computational design methods that are claimed to be incapable of embracing subjectivity and artistic expression, which in turn lead to data-driven forms as outcomes of pure calculations and rationalistic procedures. Providing a discussion and a framework on the disregarded dimensions of subjectivity in computational design processes, it proposes a tripartite model – centralized, partial and distributed approach to computational design – to understand and assess the condition of subjectivity and intentionality and reveal a possible shift from a centralized approach to a distributed one.
keywords	Subjectivity, Design Intention, Computational Design
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2017/12/01 14:38

_id	ddssar0027
id	ddssar0027
authors	Tüzmen, AyVa
year	2000
title	Process management for collaborative building design
source	Timmermans, Harry (Ed.), Fifth Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning - Part one: Architecture Proceedings (Nijkerk, the Netherlands)
summary	Collaborative building design relies on people working coordinately to accomplish the requirements of a design project. Coordination is achieved by well organized, informed and communicating design teams. However, not all design teams in current design practice are well organized and well informed about where the project stands. This paper introduces a process management system that facilitates the management of the enactment of a collaborative design process. At the highest level, the process management system enables (a) the design teams to describe the design process that will be enacted by the team, (b) the enactment of the design process according to its process definition, (c) the management of the resources required for the enactment of the process. The paper also presents the findings of a validation and verification (V&V) study that is conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed system in the establishment of a collaborative design environment.
series	DDSS
last changed	2003/08/07 16:36

_id	732d
authors	Uddin, M. Saleh
year	1999
title	Digital Architecture
source	McGraw-Hill, New York
summary	Digital Architecture is the only guide that shows you how to create accomplished computer drawings by displaying and explaining the work of many of today's most justly celebrated design professionals. It gives you the foundation to understand how these international masters so deftly exploited computers, by providing a clear overview of the hardware, software, and input and output devices involved in digital media. It then showcases the conceptual studies, desktop formats, 3D renderings, digital hybrids, and animation of more than 50 top designers and firms. Each project comes with a succinct explanation of the design concept, drawing techniques, hardware and software used, and output media involved. Featuring an easy-to-use, loose-leaf format, Digital Architecture will be your ongoing reference on hybrid digital representation and an endless source of ideas and inspiration.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	0e4c
authors	Uddin, M. Saleh and Yoon, So-Yeon
year	2002
title	Peter Eisenman’s House X, Scheme G: 3D Game Engine for Portable Virtual Representation of Architecture
source	Connecting the Real and the Virtual - design e-ducation [20th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-0-8] Warsaw (Poland) 18-20 September 2002, pp. 526-531
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2002.526
summary	Recently introduced 3D games, game editors, along with gaming software offer great potential for delivering three-dimensional, collaborative virtual environments for online audiences. These capabilities have significant potential in architectural visualization. The University of Missouri-Columbia’s Emerging Technology Group developed the Virtual Campus Project introducing the university campus to prospective students through the Internet. Fascinating quality, seamless real time rendering, and smooth navigation are enough to impress visitors. However, the developers had to use eye measures and guesses based on photos rather than architectural drawings for initial 3D computer models. The absence of a precise scaling system as well as not being able to recognize a standard 3D architectural drawing format in a virtual environment were the prime generators of this paper. One important goal for this paper is to suggest architects the potentials of using universal or exchangeable formats of 3D models with accurate structure data to build virtual models. A second goal is to provide better understanding of potentials in 3D game engines for virtual representation of architecture.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	b7df
authors	Uddin, M. Saleh
year	1999
title	Beyond Mere Representation: The Changing Perspective of Computer Use in American Architecture
source	Architectural Computing from Turing to 2000 [eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-5-7] Liverpool (UK) 15-17 September 1999, pp. 511-518
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1999.511
summary	By surveying a total of 55 cutting-edge architectural design offices (mostly in the United States), this paper looks at the use of computational media to get an overall understanding of its current use for architectural design presentation. The intent of this paper is to highlight the changing direction of computer presentation through graphic examples, specifically three-dimensional modelling that goes beyond conventional representation. The paper also illustrates various types of uses of computer media by designers into specific categories, and extracts a summary of hardware and software preferences.
keywords	Digital Media, Design Offices, Non-conventional Representation, 3D Modelling
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	2005_341
id	2005_341
authors	Uddin, M. Saleh
year	2005
title	Animation Techniques to Represent Graphic Analysis of Architecture: A Case Study of Richard Meier’s Atheneum
source	Digital Design: The Quest for New Paradigms [23nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-3-2] Lisbon (Portugal) 21-24 September 2005, pp. 341-348
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2005.341
summary	It is debatable whether design can be taught. Frank Lloyd Wright himself mentioned that architecture should be taught by its principles, discerning the principles underlying in works by various architects. In the absence of thoroughly satisfactory methods of combining various means of digital representation for analysis, this paper investigates the features of 3D computer models; in particular, its animation environment to aid graphic analysis of built forms. Computer 3D animations, which are generated from 3D models, have an unparalleled capability to demonstrate spatial experience. Animations can also manipulate the constitute components of the spatial structure, thus illustrating analytically the composition of a building or object. The most significant aspect of 3D animation is in its flexibility of manipulation of various physical and rendering attributes of a 3D model. For the purpose of case study analysis, Richard Meier’s Atheneum in New Harmony, Indiana is chosen for its clarity in design elements and demonstration of applicable principles. Through various animation clips, the basic techniques are illustrated as an effective method of communicating concepts of graphic analysis.
keywords	3D Animation, Analytic Diagram, Form Analysis, Design Principles, 3D Model
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	ecaade2008_065
id	ecaade2008_065
authors	Uddin, M. Saleh
year	2008
title	Simulation of Daylight in the Architecture of Louis I. Kahn: A Study of the Un-built Hurva Synagogue
source	Architecture in Computro [26th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-7-2] Antwerpen (Belgium) 17-20 September 2008, pp. 727-734
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2008.727
summary	One of the most powerful aspects of Louis I. Kahn’s architectural space is his handling of natural light. Kahn believed that architecture began with the ‘making of a room’ and that ‘a room is not a room without natural light.’ Throughout his career, he explored bringing light into interiors in the most imaginative ways. Kahn used endless possibilities, from small devices to complex dome structures, to create a poetic and spiritual light inside buildings. The purpose of this paper is to present the theories and practices of natural light in architecture by Louis Kahn, who has deftly used it as a creative medium in his design of buildings. Starting from development of theories, this research focuses on how he implemented his theories into practice. As a case study, the Hurva Synagogue project is selected to analyze its unique lighting solutions. Many of Kahn’s previous concepts can be traced to the Hurva, making it an ideal project for lighting study. Since Hurva Synagogue is an un-built project, recent techniques of computer graphics is used to understand how daylight illuminates the interior in different times of the day and year in both still images and in 3D animations.
keywords	Louis I Kahn, Daylight Simulation, 3D Model, Animation
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	53df
authors	Uddin, M.S.
year	1999
title	Hybrid Drawing Techniques by Contemporary Architects and Designers
source	John Wiley, New York,
summary	The complete hybrid drawing sourcebook Hybrid drawings offer limitless possibilities for the fusion and superimposition of ideas, media, and techniques-powerful creative tools for effective and innovative architectural graphic presentation. This unique guide offers a dynamic introduction to these drawings and how they are created, with a stunning color portfolio of presentation-quality examples that give full visual expression to the power and potential of hybrid drawing techniques. Featuring the work of dozens of internationally recognized architects and firms, including Takefumi Aida, Helmut Jahn of Murphy/Jahn Architects, Morphosis, Eric Owen Moss, NBBJ Sports & Entertainment, Smith-Miller & Hawkinson, and Bernard Tschumi Architects, the book's visual examples are accompanied by descriptive and analytical commentary that gives valuable practical insight into the background of each project, along with essential information on the design concept and the drawing process. Combining all of the best features of an idea resource and a how-to guide, Hybrid Drawing Techniques by Contemporary Architects and Designers is an important creative tool for students and professionals in architecture, design, illustration, and related areas
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	ecaade2023_252
id	ecaade2023_252
authors	Uitz, Theresa and Körner, Andreas
year	2023
title	Environment-Responsive Materials as Dynamic Markers for Architectural Augmented Reality Applications
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 723–732
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.723
summary	With growing knowledge of our environmental obligations, architects must explore new design techniques and find alternative strategies to express environmental aspects in architecture. Augmented Reality (AR) is a digital technology that allows us to enhance a real data feed with digital data virtually and is becoming ever more ubiquitous. It is widely used in industrial environments and is still novel in architecture, and has only recently gained popularity. The use of marker-based AR in dynamic, non-standardised architectural spaces is limited. Nevertheless, the technology can potentially help visualise thermal conditions invisible to the human eye. The paper presents a detailed state-of-the-art review of AR and thermochromic materials in architecture. From this, it derives a series of relationships between the two technologies. They are explored through design experiments and prototyping. The research reconsiders digital design parameters in this context, yet, the scalability of results remains a future task.
keywords	Augmented Reality, Thermochromic Materials, Digital Fabrication, Environmental Simulations
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

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