Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	fb59
id	fb59
authors	Schnabel, Marc Aurel; Chen, Rui Irene
year	2011
title	Design Interaction via Multi-touch
source	Computer Science Cooperative Design, Visualization, and Engineering, CDVE 2011, Y. Luo (Ed.): Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2011, Volume 6874/2011, 14-21
summary	We present a multi-touch-tabletop tool for design-collaborations and -communication tasks employing three-dimensional digitalized models. Our system allows users from various disciplines to communicate and share their ideas by manipulating the reference and their own input simultaneously by simply using intuitive gestures. Haptic and proprioceptive perception of tangible representations are perceived and understood more readily whereby our system provides an increased potential to compensate for the low spatial cognition of its users. Our integration of combining both model-based and participatory approaches with multi-touch tabletop system setups differs considerably from conventional visual representations for collaborative design. Since the multi-touch design interaction allows users to engage intuitively within virtual design environments, it is presenting a next generation of common graphical user interfaces.
keywords	Multi-touch, collaboration, interaction, haptic, design
series	book
type	normal paper
email
more	http://www.springerlink.com/content/y4k7w218359g257q/
last changed	2011/10/22 04:59

_id	sigradi2011_328
id	sigradi2011_328
authors	Arenas, Felipe; Banda, Pablo
year	2011
title	Morfología de Datos y Desterritorialización: Integrando sentido al diseño paramétrico [Data Morphology and Deterritorialization: Integrating meaning into Parametric Design]
source	SIGraDi 2011 [Proceedings of the 15th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Argentina - Santa Fe 16-18 November 2011, pp. 381-385
summary	This paper reflects about the potential of integrating meaning into parametrics that can be produced by the linkage between information visualization interfaces and custom parametric modeling systems. The inclusion of unstable semantics from web-based geo-referenced information is proposed, as driver for producing extreme differentiation and systemic complexity in contemporary design practices.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	sigradi2011_198
id	sigradi2011_198
authors	Aroztegui Massera, Carmen
year	2011
title	La cámara en la animación de arquitectura. Reconsiderando “la mirada” y el régimen de mostración en el cine [The Camera in Architectural Animation. Reconsidering “The Gaze” and The Registration Regime in the Cinema]
source	SIGraDi 2011 [Proceedings of the 15th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Argentina - Santa Fe 16-18 November 2011, pp. 432-435
summary	Even though inspired by cinema, architecture animations often oversimplify filmic space, and conflate two distinct concepts: gaze, and vision. Such misinterpretation leads to overuse camera movement to present spaces as if the change of point of view would lead to communicate lived space. This article introduces such discussion in the context of the tableau vivant, a living picture, explores the use of the shot sequence and the use of non-narrative scenes.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	sigradi2011_359
id	sigradi2011_359
authors	Bessone, Miriam; Milone, Diego; Irsuta, Maximiliano
year	2011
title	Relaciones sinestésicas entre la música y la forma visual: hacia una identificación automatizada a través de métodos computacionales [Synaesthetic relations between music and visual shapes: towards automated identification using computational methods]
source	SIGraDi 2011 [Proceedings of the 15th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Argentina - Santa Fe 16-18 November 2011, pp. 289-293
summary	In this paper, relations between music and visual perception are investigated using statistical analisys of the entailment made amongst them by different subjects in several experimental situations designed for such purpose. The goal, is to discover a set of elements and management mechanisms that are common to both field, from wich it is posible to detect significant constants and discard atypical relations. Finally, we will seek to develop a series of mathematical models that may be implemented as software to analize music and synthesis of forms, and simulate human analisys of relations between them.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	sigradi2011_120
id	sigradi2011_120
authors	Briones, Carolina
year	2011
title	Diseño digital y manufactura artesanal, ejemplos de diseño paramétrico en Chile [Digital design and handcrafted manufacturing, examples of parametric design in Chile]
source	SIGraDi 2011 [Proceedings of the 15th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Argentina - Santa Fe 16-18 November 2011, pp. 60-63
summary	The present article tracks and attempts to portray the current state of the art, in relation to the application of parametric or algorithmic design in Chilean architecture and design production. These technologies have emerged in the last decades and have become increasingly popular in the international arena. Through the presentation of examples made at different scales, the processes of digital and traditional manufacture used in each work of art are revealed. The difficulties, advantages and virtues of these tools are discussed and addressed from a local educational and professional perspective.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	sigradi2011_157
id	sigradi2011_157
authors	Burneo Valdivieso, Xavier Eduardo
year	2011
title	No es esto lo que hacen los arquitectos? Experiencias y aplicaciones de herramientas digitales en los talleres de diseño [Is not this what architects do? Experiences and applications of digital tools in design workshops]
source	SIGraDi 2011 [Proceedings of the 15th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Argentina - Santa Fe 16-18 November 2011, pp. 82-85
summary	This paper shows under the framework of research and teaching project developed at the Technical University of Loja, Ecuador, with the participation of students in the school of architecture, taking aim through the study of theory and a series exercises to strengthen the relationship between the methods of generative design and digital technologies in architectural projects from creation to completion display, to achieve better teaching and learning as the architect insert specific language in society and contemporary architecture.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	sigradi2011_356
id	sigradi2011_356
authors	Bustos Lopez, Gabriela; González, Giscard; Rincón, Francisco
year	2011
title	Arquitectura Interactiva, reacción, comportamientos y transformaciones en el Programa de Diseño Digital [Interactive architecture, reaction, behaviors and transformations in the Digital Design Program]
source	SIGraDi 2011 [Proceedings of the 15th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Argentina - Santa Fe 16-18 November 2011, pp. 171-175
summary	This paper shows an academic strategy of production in the Interactive Architecture´s Mention of the Digital Design Diploma from the School of Architecture and Design at the University of Zulia, like weaves of reactions in the process of creation in the virtual space in 3D, and its establishment like interactive architectonic devices, jointly with a conceptual exposition that is based on the interactivity definition from the complex epistemology vision. It is the manifestation of an academic experience developed within the framework of both theoretical and practice exposition, based on the complex epistemology of the design with digital technology.
keywords	Architecture, interactivity; digital design; intelligent behaviors
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	cf2011_p135
id	cf2011_p135
authors	Chen Rui, Irene; Schnabel Marc Aurel
year	2011
title	Multi-touch - the future of design interaction
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 557-572.
summary	The next major revolution for design is to bring the natural user interaction into design activities. Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) brought a new approach that was more effective compared to their conventional predecessors. In recent years, Natural User Interfaces (NUI) have advanced user experiences and multi-touch and gesture technologies provide new opportunities for a variety of potential uses in design. Much attention has been paid to leverage in the design of interactive interfaces. The mouse input and desktop screen metaphors limit the information sharing for multiple users and also delayed the direct interaction for communication between each other. This paper proposes the innovative method by integrating game engine ‘Unity3D’ with multi-touch tangible interfaces. Unity3D provides a game development tool as part of its application package that has been designed to let users to focus on creating new games. However, it does not limit the usage of area to design additional game scenarios since the benefits of Unity3D is allowing users to build 3D environments with its customizable and easy to use editor, graphical pipelines to openGL (http://unity3d.com/, 2010 ). It creates Virtual Reality (VR) environments which can simulates places in the real world, as well as the virtual environments helping architects and designers to vividly represent their design concepts through 3D visualizations, and interactive media installations in a detailed multi-sensory experience. Stereoscopic displays advanced their spatial ability while solving issues to design e.g. urban spaces. The paper presents how a multi-touch tabletop can be used for these design collaboration and communication tasks. By using natural gestures, designers can now communicate and share their ideas by manipulating the same reference simultaneously using their own input simultaneously. Further studies showed that 3Dl forms are perceived and understood more readily through haptic and proprioceptive perception of tangible representations than through visual representation alone (Gillet et al, 2005). Based on the authors’ framework presented at the last CAADFutures, the benefits of integrating 3D visualization and tactile sensory can be illustrated in this platform (Chen and Wang, 2009), For instance, more than one designer can manipulate the 3D geometry objects on tabletop directly and can communicate successfully their ideas freely without having to waiting for the next person response. It made the work more effective which increases the overall efficiency. Designers can also collect the real-time data by any change they make instantly. The possibilities of Uniy3D make designing very flexible and fun, it is deeply engaging and expressive. Furthermore, the unity3D is revolutionizing the game development industry, its breakthrough development platform for creating highly interactive 3D content on the web (http://unity3d.com/ , 2010) or similar to the interface of modern multimedia devices such as the iPhone, therefore it allows the designers to work remotely in a collaborative way to integrate the design process by using the individual mobile devices while interacting design in a common platform. In design activities, people create an external representation of a domain, often of their own ideas and understanding. This platform helps learners to make their ideas concrete and explicit, and once externalized, subsequently they reflect upon their work how well it sits the real situation. The paper demonstrates how this tabletop innovatively replaces the typical desktop metaphor. In summary, the paper addresses two major issues through samples of collaborative design: firstly presenting aspects of learners’ interactions with physical objects, whereby tangible interfaces enables them constructing expressive representations passively (Marshall, 2007), while focussing on other tasks; and secondly showing how this novel design tool allows designers to actively create constructions that might not be possible with conventional media.
keywords	Multi-touch tabletop, Tangible User Interface
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	cf2011_p012
id	cf2011_p012
authors	Chen, Liang; Ng Edward
year	2011
title	PedNaTAS: An Integrated Multi-Agent Based Pedestrian Thermal Comfort Assessment System
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 735-750.
summary	Pedestrian’s thermal comfort is of great importance in urban planning. To develop effective planning standards that prompt pedestrian comfort, a comprehensive assessment framework that takes into account pedestrian’s individual perception and behavioral is in great need. Computer simulation tools in this respect are still sparse. This paper presents the PedNaTAS system, an agent-based integrated decision support system that assesses pedestrian thermal comfort from bottom-up.
keywords	thermal comfort, pedestrian simulation, multi-agent based modeling, geographical information system, Repast
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	sigradi2011_071
id	sigradi2011_071
authors	Chiarella, Mauro
year	2011
title	Pliegues despliegues y repliegues Didáctica proyectual e instrumentos de Ideación [Foldings, unfoldings and refoldings. Pedagogy for the project and instruments of ideation]
source	SIGraDi 2011 [Proceedings of the 15th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Argentina - Santa Fe 16-18 November 2011, pp. 27-30
summary	The international architecture of the last decades has examples of works and architectural projects presented graphic from the two-dimensional unfolding of three-dimensional folded surfaces. These valuable individual experiences have not represented generalized strategies that can be transferred to the professional practice and to architectural education. This article uses results of more than 10 workshops (with Unfolding and Folding methodologies) developed in Chile, Argentina and Brazil to build up a pedagogy for the project that makes it possible to investigate the spatial and material properties of folded compositions in Architecture. It proposes to review and update project instruments through the incorporation of Parametric Design; 3D origami software and Digital Manufacturing.
keywords	Folded compositions; pedagogy for the project; parametric design; digital manufacturing
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:48

_id	sigradi2011_391
id	sigradi2011_391
authors	Claro, Ana Julia
year	2011
title	Herramientas digitales para la ideación y desarrollo de formas complejas [Digital tools for conception and development of complex forms]
source	SIGraDi 2011 [Proceedings of the 15th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Argentina - Santa Fe 16-18 November 2011, pp. 197-200
summary	The aim of this investigation is to study the connection between geometry and architecture, nowadays strongly stimulated by the use of digital tools, design and fabrication. At the same time, it expresses the need to develop interdisciplinary processes when analyzing the conception and construction of complex forms in the architecture, focusing on creating a computer application in charge of the unfold of NURBS surfaces, carried out for this study.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:49

_id	sigradi2011_294
id	sigradi2011_294
authors	Diaz García, Sergio; Fuentes Larenas, Luis
year	2011
title	Sistematización, registro y documentación del proceso formativo del Diseñado Digital Web e Interacción, a partir de las competencias profesionales [Systematization, registration and documentation of the training process of Digital Web and Interaction Designer from professional skills.]
source	SIGraDi 2011 [Proceedings of the 15th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Argentina - Santa Fe 16-18 November 2011, pp. 465-467
summary	In the context of a profession-oriented university, universal access and a career projecting, reflecting on the traditional evaluation systems and their ability to deliver rich information necessary for the proper formation process. With the increasing demand upon graduation is proposed to focus on developing mobile schemes and networking skill-based certified professionals. Finally, the challenges are projected skills education in a world where knowledge and technology doubles in ever shorter periods.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:50

_id	sigradi2011_169
id	sigradi2011_169
authors	Figueroa, María E.; Hernández, Silvia; Lanzone, Luciana; Resk, Alejandra; Verón, María José
year	2011
title	DU, Dispositivo urbano. Serie: Avatares Urbanos de la Comunicación y de la Cultura [DU, Urban Device. Series: Urbans Avatars of the Comunications and of the Culture]
source	SIGraDi 2011 [Proceedings of the 15th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Argentina - Santa Fe 16-18 November 2011, pp. 347-350
summary	An experience of design combined with transformables spaces with domotic technology was done, where teachers and students from the faculty of engineering and architecture take part. The device proposed is ductile, is a urban avatar. The concept makes reference to the spanish term synonymous; to vicissitude and change. The urban device, with multiple functions, has vanguard technology to answer to a new social and cultural paradigm. It is proposed mobile skins connected to a support structure and for the inside space, a glass box, answering to sustainable. Working with 3D allows rehearsing the possibility of movement.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:51

_id	sigradi2011_260
id	sigradi2011_260
authors	Gayetzky de Kuna, Graciela; Szeliga, Horacio; Vargas Velázquez, Vanessa
year	2011
title	Modelo de Transferencia de Información Patrimonial (MTIP): El Patrimonio Arquitectónico de las Misiones Jesuítico Guaraní, su documentación, comunicación y difusión. La Arquitectura Virtual como herramienta [Modelo de Transferencia de Información Patrimonial (MTIP): The Architectural Heritage of Guaraní Jesuit Missions, documentation, communication and dissemination. Virtual Architecture as a tool]
source	SIGraDi 2011 [Proceedings of the 15th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Argentina - Santa Fe 16-18 November 2011, pp. 127-130
summary	This paper focuses on the construction of a digital model designed to mediate the information on heritage assets of Guaraní Jesuit Missions, but mainly to establish a working methodology that considers the particularities of the local cultural and technological reality without losing view the requirements imposed by the global.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:52

_id	sigradi2011_111
id	sigradi2011_111
authors	Giordano, Ruben; Osella, Monica; Pieragostini Patricia
year	2011
title	De la Esfera al Laberinto. Enseñanza del Diseño con Integración de las Tecnologías de la Comunicación y la Información [From the sphere to the labyrinth.Teaching Design Integrating Communication and Information Technologies]
source	SIGraDi 2011 [Proceedings of the 15th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Argentina - Santa Fe 16-18 November 2011, pp. 419-423
summary	The document highlights the results attain in the integration of analog and digital resources for updating the learning workshop of architectural project. The importance of this development is manifested as an achievement, considering the diversity of elements involved in methodological convergence, which combines abstract algorithms with sensory experiences and promoting the transformation of the physical setting of the workshop in an analog-digital environment, which extends significantly the horizons of the experiment carried out by the students. The text also outlines the theoretical foundations, the tools used, the procedures, the stages and a conclusion as a provisional assessment of the results.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:52

_id	sigradi2011_127
id	sigradi2011_127
authors	Giusso, Cecilia; Schaposnik, Viviana
year	2011
title	Imagen Digital: Su Aplicacion en Investigacion - Fases Analitica, Diagnostica y Proyectual - Caso Intersticios Bajo Autopista [Digital imaging: Research application - Analytical, diagnostic and design stages in Interstitials Situations under Highways]
source	SIGraDi 2011 [Proceedings of the 15th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Argentina - Santa Fe 16-18 November 2011, pp. 69-73
summary	The present article links Urban Territories and Interstitials Situations under Highways, appointing to fix regulations and strategies from a systematically formulation of Patterns, ordering elements of Typological Series, able to support possible futures urban and architectural designs. The evaluation of specific conditions of habitability of the interstitial situations mentioned, must be boarded to be changed, as well as those cases apt to be optimized, producing a reconfiguration of present situation. There is a responsibility about a simultaneous design of the upper and under highways, taking in account interstitially space, is unavoidable information to face actions over urban areas in relation with motility, high-way fluxes and appropriation in the under high-way.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:52

_id	sigradi2011_267
id	sigradi2011_267
authors	Hamuy Pinto, Eduardo; Galaz, Mirtha
year	2011
title	Preguntas Aumentadas: medios enriquecidos y el acto de preguntar [Augmented questions: Rich media and asking]
source	SIGraDi 2011 [Proceedings of the 15th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Argentina - Santa Fe 16-18 November 2011, pp. 448-451
summary	Tutorials are widely used for learning technical mattersin architecture and design courses. This is a case study of questions from a student and answers provided by a teacher. The communication medium used was Screenr©, a web application for creating short screencasts. A sequence of screencasts was analyzed from a qualitative perspective, using Media Richness Theory and an e-learning model as framework. Ambiguity and Equivocality are managed through a rich medium that allows communication of precise data and paralinguistic cues. Visual deictic gestures (from the users) and visual cues provided by the interfaceare fundamental for building understanding.
keywords	Teaching; videotutorials; media richness; screencasts; qualitative analysis
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:53

_id	sigradi2011_368
id	sigradi2011_368
authors	Herrera Polo, Pablo
year	2011
title	Rhinoscripting y Grasshopper a través de sus instructores: un estudio de patrones y usos [Rhinoscripting and Grasshopper through the instructors: A study about patterns and conventions]
source	SIGraDi 2011 [Proceedings of the 15th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Argentina - Santa Fe 16-18 November 2011, pp. 180-183
summary	It is common today the use a graphical user interface and techniques to automate a process through computerization. By contrast, when trying to learn computational approaches, we have not overcome the learning curve and many of the workshops have not had the expected results to prolong their use. In this research we explore the trends in this process, from those that generate the generic object to those that appropriate it by modification. The set of case studies presents patterns and uses of those instructors who have come to be use algorithms intensively to solve a design problem.
keywords	Self-taught Programing; rhinoscripting; grasshopper; patterns
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:53

_id	ecaade2011_073
id	ecaade2011_073
authors	Janssen, Patrick; Basol, Cihat; Chen, Kian Wee
year	2011
title	Evolutionary Developmental Design for Non-Programmers
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2011.245
source	RESPECTING FRAGILE PLACES [29th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-9-4912070-1-3], University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Architecture (Slovenia) 21-24 September 2011, pp.245-252
summary	Evolutionary developmental design (Evo-Devo-Design) is a design method that combines complex developmental techniques with an evolutionary optimisation techniques. In order to use such methods, the problem specific developmental and evaluation procedures typically need to be define using some kind of textual programming language. This paper reports on an alternative approach, in which designers can use Visual Dataflow Modelling (VDM) instead of textual programming. This research described how Evo-Devo-Design problems can defined using the VDM approach, and how they can subsequently be run using a Distributed Execution Environment (called Dexen) on multiple computers in parallel. A case study is presented, where the Evo-Devo-Design method is used to evolve designs for a house, optimised for daylight, energy consumption, and privacy.
wos	WOS:000335665500027
keywords	Evolutionary; developmental; design; performance; optimisation
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/05/01 23:21

_id	cf2011_p075
id	cf2011_p075
authors	Janssen, Patrick; Chen Kian Wee
year	2011
title	Visual Dataflow Modelling: A Comparison of Three Systems
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 801-816.
summary	Visual programming languages enable users to create computer programs by manipulating graphical elements rather than by entering text. The difference between textual languages and visual languages is that most textual languages use a procedural programming model, while most visual languages use a dataflow programming model. When visual programming is applied to design, it results in a new modelling approach that we refer to 'visual dataflow modelling' (VDM). Recently, VDM has becoming increasingly popular within the design community, as it can accelerate the iterative design process, thereby allowing larger numbers of design possibilities to be explored. Furthermore, it is now also becoming an important tool in performance-based design approaches, since it may potentially enable the closing of the loop between design development and design evaluation. A number of CAD systems now provide VDM interfaces, allowing designers to define form generating procedures without having to resort to scripting or programming. However, these environments have certain weaknesses that limit their usability. This paper will analyse these weaknesses by comparing and contrasting three VDM environments: McNeel Grasshopper, Bentley Generative Components, and Sidefx Houdini. The paper will focus on five key areas: * Conditional logic allow rules to be applied to geometric entities that control how they behave. Such rules will typically be defined as if-then-else conditions, where an action will be executed if a particular condition is true. A more advanced version of this is the while loop, where the action within the loop will be repeatedly executed while a certain condition remains true. * Local coordinate systems allow geometric entities to be manipulated relative to some convenient local point of reference. These systems may be either two-dimensional or three-dimensional, using either Cartesian, cylindrical, or spherical systems. Techniques for mapping geometric entities from one coordinate system to another also need to be considered. * Duplication includes three types: simple duplication, endogenous duplication, and exogenous duplication. Simple duplication consists of copying some geometric entity a certain number of times, producing identical copies of the original. Endogenous duplication consist of copying some geometric entity by applying a set of transformations that are defined as part of the duplication process. Lastly, exogenous duplication consists of copying some geometric entity by applying a set of transformations that are defined by some other external geometry. * Part-whole relationships allow geometric entities to be grouped in various ways, based on the fundamental set-theoretic concept that entities can be members of sets, and sets can be members of other sets. Ways of aggregating data into both hierarchical and non-hierarchical structures, and ways of filtering data based on these structures need to be considered. * Spatial queries include relationships between geometric entities such as touching, crossing, overlapping, or containing. More advanced spatial queries include various distance based queries and various sorting queries (e.g. sorting all entities based on position) and filtering queries (e.g. finding all entities with a certain distance from a point). For each of these five areas, a simple benchmarking test case has been developed. For example, for conditional logic, the test case consists of a simple room with a single window with a condition: the window should always be in the longest north-facing wall. If the room is rotated or its dimensions changed, then the window must re-evaluate itself and possibly change position to a different wall. For each benchmarking test-case, visual programs are implemented in each of the three VDM environments. The visual programs are then compared and contrasted, focusing on two areas. First, the type of constructs used in each of these environments are compared and contrasted. Second, the cognitive complexity of the visual programming task in each of these environments are compared and contrasted.
keywords	visual, dataflow, programming, parametric, modelling
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

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