Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	8a27
authors	Bentley, Jon L. and Carruthers, Wendy
year	1980
title	Algorithms for Testing the Inclusion of Points in Polygons
source	Allertorn Conference on Communication, Control and Computing (18th : 1980). (10) p. includes bibliography
summary	Determining whether a given point lies inside or outside a simple polygon is an important problem in many applications, including computer vision systems and computer-assisted political redistricting systems. In this paper the authors give algorithms for inclusion problems that are efficient for polygons that are 'close to convex' in a certain precise sense. An empirical study of polygons that arise in several applications shows that typical polygons are indeed 'close to convex,' and a program implementing the algorithm shows that is extremely efficient on point sets of practical sizes
keywords	point inclusion, polygons, algorithms, computational geometry
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	8087
authors	Boehm, Barry W., Penedo, Maria H. and Stuckle, Don E. (et al)
year	1984
title	A Software Development Environment for Improving Productivity
source	IEEE Computer. June, 1984. pp. 30-44 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	The software productivity system (SPS) was developed to support project activities. It involves a set of strategies, including the work environment; the evaluation and procurement of hardware equipment; the provision for immediate access to computing resources through local area networks; the building of an integrated set of tools to support the software development life cycle and all project personnel; and a user support function to transfer new technology. All of these strategies are being accomplished incrementally. The current architecture is VAX-based and uses the Unix operating system, a wideband local network, and a set of software tools. The article describes the steps that led to the creation of the software productivity project and its components and summarized the requirements analyses on which the SPS was based
keywords	productivity, software, hardware, programming
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 10:24

_id	ijac20097101
id	ijac20097101
authors	Boulaassal, H.; Landes, T.; Grussenmeyer, P.
year	2009
title	Automatic Extraction of Planar Clusters and their Contours on Building Facades Recorded by Terrestrial Laser Scanner
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 7 - no. 1, 1-20
summary	Since 3D city models need to be realistic not only from a bird's point of view, but also from a pedestrian's point of view, the interest in the generation of 3D façade models is increasing. This paper presents two successive algorithms for automatically segmenting building façades scanned by Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) into planar clusters and extracting their contours. Since majority of façade components are planes, the topic of automatic extraction of planar features has been studied. The RANSAC algorithm has been chosen among numerous methods. It is a robust estimator frequently used to compute model parameters from a dataset containing outliers, as it occurs in TLS data. Nevertheless, the RANSAC algorithm has been improved in order to extract the most significant planar clusters describing the main features composing the building façades. Subsequently, a second algorithm has been developed for extracting the contours of these features. The innovative idea presented in this paper is the efficient way to detect the points composing the contours. In order to evaluate the performances of both algorithms, they have successively been applied on samples with different characteristics, i.e. densities, types of façades and size of architectural details. Finally, a quality evaluation based on the comparison of planar clusters and contours obtained manually has been carried out. The results prove that the proposed algorithms deliver qualitative as well as quantitative satisfactory results and confirm that both algorithms are reliable for the forthcoming 3D modelling of building façades.
series	journal
last changed	2009/06/23 08:07

_id	ijac20108206
id	ijac20108206
authors	Bravo, Germán; Rafael Villazón, Augusto Trujillo, Mauricio Caviedes
year	2010
title	Authoring Tools for KOC - Concepts and Pedagogical Use
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 8 - no. 2, 183-200
summary	One of the main problems of teachers aiming to teach the construction techniques used in to build a building is the lack of practical examples to show to their students. In order to be useful, these examples must come from real projects or even better the teachers may take their students to constructions sites, but this latter option is not always available and may be dangerous. To deal with this problem, Los Andes University has committed the construction of a knowledge repository containing information gathered from real projects and semantically described, in order to provide easy access to its content and in the language of people of construction. This project is called KOC, standing for Knowledge Objects of Construction, which uses an ontology to describe semantically the data contained in the repository. Being the pedagogical objective of the project, it is important to provide the teachers with additional tools to generate new knowledge objects, based on existing knowledge objects in the repository. This paper presents three composition tools for KOC: a complex objects composer issued from structured searches, a constructive processes composer and a case study composer, all of them aiming the improvement of learning quality in the technical area of building construction at the architecture and engineering schools. The paper also shows some examples of knowledge objects and how KOC is been used in the courses of the Architecture Department of Los Andes.
series	journal
last changed	2019/05/24 09:55

_id	9e00
authors	Bridges, Alan
year	1999
title	Progress? What Progress?
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1999.321
source	Architectural Computing from Turing to 2000 [eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-5-7] Liverpool (UK) 15-17 September 1999, pp. 321-326
summary	This paper briefly reviews some of the history of computer graphics standardisation and then presents two specific case studies: one comparing HTML with SGML and Troff and the other comparing VRML with the Tektronix® Interactive Graphics Language implementation of the ACM Core Standard. In each case, it will be shown how the essential intellectual work carried out twenty years ago still lies at the foundations of the newer applications.
keywords	SGML, HTML, VRML
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	2006_182
id	2006_182
authors	Bridges, Alan
year	2006
title	A Critical Review of Problem Based Learning in Architectural Education
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2006.182
source	Communicating Space(s) [24th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-5-9] Volos (Greece) 6-9 September 2006, pp. 182-189
summary	There is limited research and discussion on pedagogical approaches in architectural education, simply because it is considered as one of the “unimportant” areas that researchers “do not bother studying” (Teymur, 2001). Problem Based Learning has been known to provide competent graduates in other professional disciplines, and, consequently, there have been attempts to utilise the same pedagogical approach in architectural education where PBL is seen as a potential solution to the problems encountered in architectural education. This paper critically reviews PBL implementations at TU Delft Netherlands and Newcastle University, N.S.W. Australia and draws conclusions with particular respect to the teaching of architectural computing
keywords	PBL; architecture; computing
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	ac81
authors	Brown, A.G.P.
year	1991
title	Review of Building IT 2000
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1991.x.q2c
source	Experiences with CAAD in Education and Practice [eCAADe Conference Proceedings] Munich (Germany) 17-19 October 1991
summary	Building IT2000 is a Building and Information Technology database which is presented in Hypertextformat. Its production has been co-ordinated by the CICA (the Construction Industry Computer Association), an independent association serving the needs of computer users, specifiers and suppliers in the Construction Industry. The stack is a collection of structured information prepared by a group of experts in computing and the construction industry. As such it represents an interesting advance from two points of view: (1.) It is a valuable source of information in its own right. It could provide a resource for students of architecture which could be used as a self-teaching package. (2.) It points a possible way forward for the development of similar hypertext based teaching packages which could be developed by academics within the European teaching community.
series	eCAADe
email
more	http://www.mediatecture.at/ecaade/91/brown.pdf
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	8e02
authors	Brown, A.G.P. and Coenen, F.P.
year	2000
title	Spatial reasoning: improving computational efficiency
source	Automation in Construction 9 (4) (2000) pp. 361-367
summary	When spatial data is analysed the result is often very computer intensive: even by the standards of contemporary technologies, the machine power needed is great and the processing times significant. This is particularly so in 3-D and 4-D scenarios. What we describe here is a technique, which tackles this and associated problems. The technique is founded in the idea of quad-tesseral addressing; a technique, which was originally applied to the analysis of atomic structures. It is based on ideas concerning Hierarchical clustering developed in the 1960s and 1970s to improve data access time [G.M. Morton, A computer oriented geodetic database and a new technique on file sequencing, IBM Canada, 1996.], and on atomic isohedral (same shape) tiling strategies developed in the 1970s and 1980s concerned with group theory [B. Grunbaum, G.C. Shephard, Tilings and Patterns, Freeman, New York, 1987.]. The technique was first suggested as a suitable representation for GIS in the early 1980s when the two strands were brought together and a tesseral arithmetic applied [F.C. Holdroyd, The Geometry of Tiling Hierarchies, Ars Combanitoria 16B (1983) 211–244.; S.B.M. Bell, B.M. Diaz, F.C. Holroyd, M.J.J. Jackson, Spatially referenced methods of processing raster and vector data, Image and Vision Computing 1 (4) (1983) 211–220.; Diaz, S.B.M. Bell, Spatial Data Processing Using Tesseral Methods, Natural Environment Research Council, Swindon, 1986.]. Here, we describe how that technique can equally be applied to the analysis of environmental interaction with built forms. The way in which the technique deals with the problems described is first to linearise the three-dimensional (3-D) space being investigated. Then, the reasoning applied to that space is applied within the same environment as the definition of the problem data. We show, with an illustrative example, how the technique can be applied. The problem then remains of how to visualise the results of the analysis so undertaken. We show how this has been accomplished so that the 3-D space and the results are represented in a way which facilitates rapid interpretation of the analysis, which has been carried out.
series	journal paper
more	http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed	2003/05/15 21:22

_id	cb96
authors	Buckley, E., Zarli, A., Reynolds, C. and Richaud, O.
year	1998
title	Business objects in construct IT
source	R. Amor (ed.) Product and Process Modelling in the Building Industry, Building Research Establishment, Watford, England, pp. 117-130
summary	Objective: EU Esprit Project 25.741 Wonda aims to meet the needs for Enterprise Information Systems and E-Commerce in the construction and banking industries. Wonda aims to deliver a solution suitable for contracting firms. The solution should enable take-up by SMEs, incremental value-added growth (perhaps Incremental Radicalism), mobile computing for location independent access by project managers and quick set-up of virtual enterprises reflecting both the short customer-supplier relationships in the industry and the need of construction firms to constantly re-configure and re-invent themselves. Method: Wonda will develop an open and secure framework for business objects and electronic payment. Business objects can be defined as software components, which encapsulate business rules and procedures and which can run anywhere on the network. They provide secure and sophisticated access to diverse electronic content and software applications. Indeed, just as a building can be described as a unique arrangement of standard products, a building project can be described as a unique arrangement of standard product data. Business Objects give a high level view of product data. They can be assembled into frameworks to support high-level views on industrial projects. The open framework will enable a distributed architecture through CORBA thus facilitating the interoperation of heterogeneous software components as found in legacy systems. The modular security of the framework and its support for electronic payment ensure authenication, confidentiality and non-repudiation as required for the business processes of construction virtual enterprises. Indeed the modular and incremental implemenation of security will be achieved partly through a Business Object architecture. Results will comprise o a pilot in 2 product cycles, o an open & secure framework architecture, o Commotion middleware for enabling business objects on top of Corba, o WeBuild (construction), WeBank (banking) and SILK (security) business objects o OpenDMX component to enable object orientated access to legacy databases.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	ijac20108102
id	ijac20108102
authors	Budroni, Angela; Jan Boehm
year	2010
title	Automated 3D Reconstruction of Interiors from Point Clouds
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 8 - no. 1, 55-73
summary	We present a new technique for the fully automated 3D modelling of indoor environments from a point cloud. The point cloud is acquired with several scans and is afterwards processed in order to segment planar structures, which have a noticeable architectural meaning (floor, ceiling and walls) in the interior. The basic approach to data segmentation is plane sweeping based on a hypothesis-and-test strategy. From the segmentation results, the ground plan is created through cell decomposition by trimming the two-dimensional ground space using half-space primitives. An extension in height of the ground contours makes the generation of the 3D model possible. The so-reconstructed indoor model is saved in CAD format for analysis and further applications or, simply, as a record of the interior geometry.
series	journal
last changed	2019/05/24 09:55

_id	ijac202321209
id	ijac202321209
authors	Byrne, Ultan
year	2023
title	A Parochial Comment on Midjourney
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing 2023, Vol. 21 - no. 2, 374–379
summary	This paper recommends that critical attention towards machine learning should be focused on the ordering procedures at work in these models. More precisely, it draws attention to the central role of ‘latent spaces.’ The paper first explores ‘latent space’ through a series of analogies, and then briefly situates the concept in relation to a genealogy reaching back to developments in mathematical statistics at the turn to the 20th century
keywords	Midjourney, machine learning, latent space, projection, principal components analysis
series	journal
last changed	2024/04/17 14:30

_id	ga0108
id	ga0108
authors	Caicco, Gregory P.
year	2001
title	Cunning Crafts or Poetic Place-Making? Towards a Historiography of Generative Art
source	International Conference on Generative Art
summary	This paper begins by considering the meaning and relationship between generativity and art. From there an historical analysis of these terms maps out the philosophical terrain of generative art in practice and theory. It is hypothesized that the degree to which a generativity, or birthing, may be understood as inherent in art understood as a poetic making, is the degree to which the term generative becomes a redundant qualifier of the term art. An argument is then made that art and art-making as a poetic production has an ethical vocation to critique its sources and its media in order to imagine worlds where the marginalized other, as other, is received. As a result, the unqualified adoption of computer, machine, biologicalor chemical media, as well as the mathematic or pragmatic instructions that define the execution of their works, needs to be questioned.I conclude with an historiographical examination of the Babylonian abacus and the medieval ars memoritiva, in particular, Ramon Lull’s 1274 figura universalis. Even though computing historians have claimed these as proto-computers, a deeper examination of their meaning, use and context reveal a fundamentally mimetic vocation that provides the possibility of poetic place-making, as an ethics, which is otherwise absent in thecontemporary microprocessor. The question is therefore raised whether the works presented at “generative art” galleries, websites and conferences such as this may make any claim to poetry, ethics or art per se if their use of mathematics and automation remains uncritical.
series	other
email
more	http://www.generativeart.com/
last changed	2003/08/07 17:25

_id	lasg_nearlivingarchitecture_2014_097
id	lasg_nearlivingarchitecture_2014_097
authors	Carroll, Becky; Rob Gorbet and Lucinda Presley
year	2014
title	It Lives! Promoting Creative and Innovation Thinking in Education
source	Near-Living Architecture; Work in Progress from The Hylozoic Ground Collaboration 2011 - 2013 [ISBN 978-1-926724-45-4 (pbk).--ISBN 978-1-926724-57-7 (epub).--ISBN 978-1-926724-58-4 (mobi)] Riverside Architectural Press: Toronto, Canada 2014 pp. 097 - 110
keywords	Living Architecture Systems Group, living architecture, meshworks, metabolisms, kinetic, cybernetic, artificial intelligence, cognition, neuroscience, prototyping, diffusive, subtle phenomena, form-languge, chemistry, natural computing, affect, perception
last changed	2019/07/29 14:00

_id	3017
authors	Carson, J. and Clark, A.
year	1999
title	Multicast Shared Virtual Worlds Using VRML 97
source	Proceedings of VRML 99 Fourth Symposium on the Virtual Reality Modeling language, The Association for Computing Machinery, Inc. New York, pp. 133-140
summary	This paper describes a system for authoring and executing shared virtual worlds within existing VRML97 viewers such as Cosmo Player. As VRML97 does not contain any direct support for the construction of virtual worlds containing multiple users extensions are presented to provide support for shared behaviours, avatars and objects that can be manipulated and carried by participants in the world; these extensions are pre-processed into standard VRML97 and Java. A system infrastructure is described which allows worlds to be authored and executed within the context of the World Wide Web and the MBone. CR Categories and Subject Descriptors: C.2.2 [Computer Communication Networks]: Network Protocols - Applications; C.2.4 [Computer Communication Networks]: Distributed Sys- tems - Distributed Applications; H.5.1 [Information Interfaces and Presentation] Multimedia Information Systems - Artificial, Aug- mented and Virtual Realities; 1.3.2 [Computer Graphics]: Graphics Systems - Distributed/network graphics: 1.3.6 [Computer Graph- ics]: Methodology and Techniques - Interaction Techniques; 1.3.7 [Computer Graphics]: Three Dimensional Graphics and Realism - Virtual Reality.
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	a9b0
authors	Cha, Myung Yeol and Gero, John
year	1999
title	Style Learning: Inductive Generalisation of Architectural Shape Patterns
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1999.629
source	Architectural Computing from Turing to 2000 [eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-5-7] Liverpool (UK) 15-17 September 1999, pp. 629-644
summary	Art historians and critics have defined the style as common features appeared in a class of objects. Abstract common features from a set of objects have been used as a bench mark for date and location of original works. Common features in shapes are identified by relationships as well as physical properties from shape descriptions. This paper will focus on how the computer recognises common shape properties from a class of shape objects to learn style. Shape representation using schema theory has been explored and possible inductive generalisation from shape descriptions has been investigated.
keywords	Style, Inductive Generalisation, Knowledge Representation, Shape
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	ijac20108203
id	ijac20108203
authors	Chevrier, Christine; Nathalie Charbonneau, Pierre Grussenmeyer, Jean-Pierre Perrin
year	2010
title	Parametric Documenting of Built Heritage: 3D Virtual Reconstruction of Architectural Details
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 8 - no. 2, 135-150
summary	This paper examines 3D modelling of architectural elements with the help of parametric components. Such components may be useful within the framework of projects dealing with virtual 3D reconstruction of heritage monuments. Architectural components of the built heritage often have complex geometry. We studied the various geometrical shapes of a given architectural element, representative of a specific period and place. This study allowed us to identify the parameters and to implement parametric objects (in Maya Environment [1]). We also developed a Graphical User Interface (GUI) to answer the user's needs while generating the 3D model representing the architectural element. Within this GUI, the user is able to make adjustments with the help of laser point clouds from laserscanning, 2D plans or photographs. We exemplify our method with a case study dealing with openings and lintels. The corpus under study consists of elements of the built heritage of Montreal (Canada) and Nancy (France).
series	journal
last changed	2019/05/24 09:55

_id	bc88
id	bc88
authors	Coates P, Derix C, Lau T, Parvin T and Puusepp R
year	2005
title	Topological Approximations for Spatial Representations
source	Proceedings of the Generative Arts conference, Milan, 2005
summary	Marshall McLuhan once said in his book Understanding Media that ‘Environments are invisible. Their ground rules evade easy perception.’ Evasive perception leads to fuzzy representations as shown through Kevin Lynch’s mental maps and the Situationists’ psycho-geographies. Eventually, spatial representations have to be described through abstractions based on some embedded rules of environmental interaction. These rules and methods of abstraction serve to understand cognition of space. The Centre for Evolutionary Computing in Architecture (CECA) at the University of East London has focused for the last 5 years on methods of cognitive spatial descriptions, based largely on either behavioural patterns or topological machines. The former being agent based, the latter neural network based. This year’s selection of student work constitutes a combination of cognitive agents + perceptive networks, and comprises three theses.
keywords	spatial cognition, neural networks, spatial perception, agent modelling
series	other
type	normal paper
email
more	http://www.generativeart.com/
last changed	2012/09/20 18:46

_id	6547
id	6547
authors	Coates P, Derix C, Lau T, Parvin T and Puusepp R
year	2005
title	Topological Approximations for Spatial Representations
source	Proceedings of the Generative Arts conference, Milan, 2005
summary	Marshall McLuhan once said in his book Understanding Media that ‘Environments are invisible. Their ground rules evade easy perception.’ Evasive perception leads to fuzzy representations as shown through Kevin Lynch’s mental maps and the Situationists’ psycho-geographies. Eventually, spatial representations have to be described through abstractions based on some embedded rules of environmental interaction. These rules and methods of abstraction serve to understand cognition of space. The Centre for Evolutionary Computing in Architecture (CECA) at the University of East London has focused for the last 5 years on methods of cognitive spatial descriptions, based largely on either behavioural patterns or topological machines. The former being agent based, the latter neural network based. This year’s selection of student work constitutes a combination of cognitive agents + perceptive networks, and comprises three theses.
keywords	spatial cognition, neural networks, spatial perception, agent modelling
series	other
type	normal paper
email
more	http://www.generativeart.com/
last changed	2012/09/20 21:09

_id	ga0123
id	ga0123
authors	Coates P., Appels, T. Simon, C. and Derix, C.
year	2001
title	Current work at CECA
source	International Conference on Generative Art
summary	The centre for environment computing and architecture continues to experiment with new ways to form, and this paper presents three recent projects from the MSc programme. The three projects all share underlying assumptions about the use of generative algorithms to constructform, using fractal decomposition, lindenmayer systems and the marching cubes algorithm respectively to construct three dimensional "architectural" objects. The data needed to drive the morphology however ranges from formal proportional systems and Genetic L systems programming through swarming systems to perceptive self organising neural nets. In all cases, the projects pose the question what is architectural form. While after Stanford Anderson (Anderson 66) we know it is simplistic to say that it is an automatic outcome of a proper definition of the brief, it is also difficult to accept that the form of a building is an entirely abstract geometrical object existing without recourse to social or contextual justification. In anattempt to resolve these issues we have turned to the study of systems and general system theory as a way of understanding the mechanics of emergence and morphogenesis generally, and the
series	other
email
more	http://www.generativeart.com/
last changed	2003/08/07 17:25

_id	cb42
authors	Coates, Paul and Schmid, Claudia
year	1999
title	Agent Based Modelling
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1999.652
source	Architectural Computing from Turing to 2000 [eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-5-7] Liverpool (UK) 15-17 September 1999, pp. 652-661
summary	This paper describes the work of students in Unit 6 of the Diploma school at the UEL during 1998-9. The unit in association with the MSc has been exploring ways of using the computer to explore the idea of emergent form as a way of generating designs, and a way of focussing the pedagogic process on a new and interesting set of determinants of form.
keywords	Agent Based Modelling, Generative Modelling, Emergent Forms
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

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