Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	acadia22_318
id	acadia22_318
authors	Maierhofer, Mathias; Menges, Achim
year	2022
title	Methods for Integrating Architectural Design Intent into the Agent-based Design of (Adaptive) Truss Structures
source	ACADIA 2022: Hybrids and Haecceities [Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9860805-8-1]. University of Pennsylvania Stuart Weitzman School of Design. 27-29 October 2022. edited by M. Akbarzadeh, D. Aviv, H. Jamelle, and R. Stuart-Smith. 318-325.
summary	When introducing structural adaptation to the architectural domain, design methods cannot explore adaptability in isolation but must also acknowledge a myriad of architectural requirements. The scope of this research is, therefore, to develop strategies for translating design intent into constraints and instructions to be eventually negotiated with adaptability objectives by the agent system. The key challenge here is to ensure that these constraints and instructions are specific enough to be sufficiently integrated, and at the same time flexible enough not to compromise the solution space and exploration of adaptable topologies.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2024/02/06 14:00

_id	acadia19_654
id	acadia19_654
authors	Maierhofer, Mathias; Soana, Valentina; Yablonina, Maria; Erazo, Seiichi Suzuki; Körner, Axel; Knippers, Jan; Menges, Achim
year	2019
title	Self-Choreographing Network
source	ACADIA 19:UBIQUITY AND AUTONOMY [Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-59179-7] (The University of Texas at Austin School of Architecture, Austin, Texas 21-26 October, 2019) pp. 654-663
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2019.654
summary	The aim of this research is to challenge the prevalent separation between (digital) design and (physical) operation processes of adaptive and interactive architectural systems. The linearity of these processes implies predetermined material or kinetic behaviors, limiting performances to those that are predictable and safe. This is particularly restricting with regard to compliant or flexible material systems, which exhibit significant kinetic and thus adaptive potential, but behave in ways that are difficult to fully predict in advance. In this paper we present a hybrid approach: a real-time, interactive design and operation process that enables the (material) system to be self-aware, fully utilizing and exploring its kinetic design space for adaptive purposes. The proposed approach is based on the interaction of compliant materials with embedded robotic agents, at the interface between digital and physical. This is demonstrated in the form of a room-scale spatial architectural robot, comprising networks of linear elastic components augmented with robotic joints capable of sensing and two axis actuation. The system features both a physical instance and a corresponding digital twin that continuously augments physical performances based on simulation feedback informed by sensor data from the robotic joints. With this setup, spatial adaptation and reconfiguration can be designed in real-time, based on an openended and cyber-physical negotiation between numerical, robotic, material, and human behaviors, in the context of a physically deployed structure and its occupants.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	sigradi2012_274
id	sigradi2012_274
authors	Maing, Minjung
year	2012
title	Virtual Mock-up Simulation of Building Skins for Design to Fabrication Integration
source	SIGraDi 2012 [Proceedings of the 16th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Brasil - Fortaleza 13-16 November 2012, pp. 467-470
summary	With the growing demand for mock-up integration into late design and pre-construction phases, there is an increasing gap between the virtual design model of the building and the construction model. The gap is reinforced by lack of strong iterative exchanges between design and fabrication and consequently the construction of the building skin systems. This paper will discuss the research being conducted using virtual mock-ups as an earlier insertion of fabrication parameters into design process and presents a solution to bridge this gap. Studies of model integration will be introduced using component-based 3D-CAD modeling to link front and end user scenarios.
keywords	virtual mock-up; fabrication; integration; building skin ; simulation
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:55

_id	c714
authors	Majchrzak, Collins, P. and Mandeville, D.
year	1986
title	A Quantitative Assessment of Changes in Work Activities Resulting from Computer-Assisted Design
source	Behaviour and Information Technology 1986 v.5 n.3 p.259-271
summary	In an effort to understand how computer-assisted design (CAD) can be optimized in an organizational setting, perceptions and attitudes of CAD users about their jobs and workplace are compared with those of non-users. Results indicate that the implementation of CAD may not result in the expected benefits if CAD is not appropriately managed. Job unpredictability, job autonomy, and job interdependence are three areas in particular needing management attention if CAD benefits are to be achieved.
series	other
last changed	2002/07/07 16:01

_id	ecaade2021_009
id	ecaade2021_009
authors	Majzoub, Omar and Haeusler, M. Hank
year	2021
title	Investigating Computational Methods and Strategies to Reduce Construction and Demolition Waste in Preliminary Design
source	Stojakovic, V and Tepavcevic, B (eds.), Towards a new, configurable architecture - Proceedings of the 39th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia, 8-10 September 2021, pp. 325-334
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2021.1.325
summary	The waste produced in construction and demolition presents social, economic, and environmental challenges on a global scale. Research suggests that effective decision-making mechanisms are needed during preliminary design stages to minimise the production of waste. In early research, we presented a beta version of a waste reduction tool which is now in need of a User Experience (UX) and Interaction Experience (IX) strategy to meet our research aims of (a) supporting architects in making informed decisions and (b) offer general as well a specific design optimisation to reduce waste. Thus in our research, we arrived at a point that required an investigation into computational methods and strategies to meet these aims. While optimisation and decision-making in architecture are often achieved through generative design strategies, we aim to investigate and discuss alternatives. Thus we propose the hypothesis of employing augmented intelligence. The paper presents work in augmented intelligence undertaken outside the architecture discipline and presents our literature review with a discussion and conclusion.
keywords	Waste reduction; computational methods and strategies; sustainable development goals; augmented intelligence; position paper
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	0787
authors	Mak, Stephen
year	2001
title	A model of information management for construction using information technology
source	Automation in Construction 10 (2) (2001) pp. 257-263
summary	The construction industry is slow in utilising information technology (IT) to manage projects. Application of IT is piecemeal, discrete and non-systematic. Managing information for construction projects is crucial in order to make good and full use of IT in the construction industry. This paper proposes a simplified model to achieve managing information for construction by utilising the ubiquitous Internet technologies. The openness of these technologies is receiving attention of not only academics and amateurs but also of business entities and government organisations. A database-web link is required in order to properly store, organise and archive information. Internet technologies can be adapted to a corporate Intranet or business Extranet. Experiencing the advantages of Internet technologies is crucial in order to avoid negative perceptions.
series	journal paper
more	http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed	2003/05/15 21:22

_id	sigradi2016_446
id	sigradi2016_446
authors	Makert, Rodrigo; Alves, Gilfranco
year	2016
title	Entendendo o Design Digital: o designer nos processos digitais de projeto [Understanding the Digital Design: the designer in digital design processes]
source	SIGraDi 2016 [Proceedings of the 20th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-956-7051-86-1] Argentina, Buenos Aires 9 - 11 November 2016, pp.34-41
summary	This paper presents a specific aspect of a post-graduate research entitled "Between Design and Designer: Considerations on digital design" and investigates the designer in the digital design processes. It is believed that the unique and subjective nature of the designers are key part of the result and the own choice of architectural design method. Currently, digital technology has enabled new design methods, casting a revaluation of theories related to design. Considering the complexity of contemporary designs it is necessary to open the black box of design and show the context in which the design acts or should act.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2021/03/28 19:58

_id	caadria2018_065
id	caadria2018_065
authors	Makki, Mohammed and Showkatbakhsh, Milad
year	2018
title	Control of Morphological Variation Through Population Based Fitness Criteria
source	T. Fukuda, W. Huang, P. Janssen, K. Crolla, S. Alhadidi (eds.), Learning, Adapting and Prototyping - Proceedings of the 23rd CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 17-19 May 2018, pp. 153-162
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2018.1.153
summary	A primary challenge for the application of an evolutionary process as a design tool is the ability to maintain variation amongst design solutions while simultaneously increasing in fitness. The 'golden rule' of balancing exploration versus exploitation of solutions within the population becomes more critical when the solution set is required to present a controlled degree of phenotypic variation but ensure that convergence of the solution set continues towards increased levels of fitness. The experiments presented within this paper address the control of variation throughout the simulation by means of incorporating a population-based fitness criterion that is utilised as a fitness objective and is calculated dynamically throughout the algorithmic run in both single and multi objective design problems.
keywords	Architecture; Computation ; Evolution; Urban; Variation
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	ecaade2015_136
id	ecaade2015_136
authors	Makki, Mohammed; Farzaneh, Ali and Navarro, Diego
year	2015
title	The Evolutionary Adaptation of Urban Tissues through Computational Analysis
source	Martens, B, Wurzer, G, Grasl T, Lorenz, WE and Schaffranek, R (eds.), Real Time - Proceedings of the 33rd eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, 16-18 September 2015, pp. 563-571
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2015.2.563
wos	WOS:000372316000063
summary	The use of evolutionary solvers in design has introduced the potential of dealing with multiple conflicting objectives under a single design model. The experiments presented in this paper employ an evolutionary solver towards the generation of a 4x4 urban superblock in the city of Barcelona, one of the highest population density cities in Europe. The superblock is based on Cerda's iconic 8-sided block and takes three conflicting objectives into account, aiming not only to achieve a high density proposal but one that considers block relations, as well as green space throughout the city. The design is based on principles of evolutionary science, generating a population of solutions, whose individuals are ranked and selected based on a fitness criteria. Rather than aiming to reach a single 'optimal' solution, the model produces a population of solutions that are optimized in relation to the design environment.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	ijac201917101
id	ijac201917101
authors	Makki, Mohammed; Milad Showkatbakhsh, Aiman Tabony and Michael Weinstock
year	2019
title	Evolutionary algorithms for generating urban morphology: Variations and multiple objectives
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 17 - no. 1, 5-35
summary	Morphological variation of urban tissues, which evolve through the optimisation of multiple conflicting objectives, benefit significantly from the application of robust metaheuristic search processes that utilise search and optimisation mechanisms for design problems that have no clear single optimal solution, as well as a solution search space that is too large for a ‘brute-force’ manual approach. As such, and within the context of the experiments presented within this article, the rapidly changing environmental, climatic and demographic global conditions necessitates the utilisation of stochastic search processes for generating design solutions that optimise for multiple conflicting objectives by means of controlled and directed morphological variation within the urban fabric.
keywords	Architecture, computation, evolution, biology, urban, variation, morphology, genetic algorithm, computer aided design
series	journal
email
last changed	2019/08/07 14:04

_id	6810
authors	Makkonen, Petri
year	1999
title	On multi body systems simulation in product design
source	KTH Stockholm
summary	The aim of this thesis is to provide a basis for efficient modelling and software use in simulation driven product development. The capabilities of modern commercial computer software for design are analysed experimentally and qualitatively. An integrated simulation model for design of mechanical systems, based on four different "simulation views" is proposed: An integrated CAE (Computer Aided Engineering) model using Solid Geometry (CAD), Finite Element Modelling (FEM), Multi Body Systems Modelling (MBS) and Dynamic System Simulation utilising Block System Modelling tools is presented. A theoretical design process model for simulation driven design based on the theory of product chromosome is introduced. This thesis comprises a summary and six papers. Paper A presents the general framework and a distributed model for simulation based on CAD, FEM, MBS and Block Systems modelling. Paper B outlines a framework to integrate all these models into MBS simulation for performance prediction and optimisation of mechanical systems, using a modular approach. This methodology has been applied to design of industrial robots of parallel robot type. During the development process, from concept design to detail design, models have been refined from kinematic to dynamic and to elastodynamic models, finally including joint backlash. A method for analysing the kinematic Jacobian by using MBS simulation is presented. Motor torque requirements are studied by varying major robot geometry parameters, in dimensionless form for generality. The robot TCP (Tool Center Point) path in time space, predicted from elastodynamic model simulations, has been transformed to the frequency space by Fourier analysis. By comparison of this result with linear (modal) eigen frequency analysis from the elastodynamic MBS model, internal model validation is obtained. Paper C presents a study of joint backlash. An impact model for joint clearance, utilised in paper B, has been developed and compared to a simplified spring-damper model. The impact model was found to predict contact loss over a wider range of rotational speed than the spring-damper model. Increased joint bearing stiffness was found to widen the speed region of chaotic behaviour, due to loss of contact, while increased damping will reduce the chaotic range. The impact model was found to have stable under- and overcritical speed ranges, around the loss of contact region. The undercritical limit depends on the gravitational load on the clearance joint. Papers D and E give examples of the distributed simulation model approach proposed in paper A. Paper D presents simulation and optimisation of linear servo drives for a 3-axis gantry robot, using block systems modelling. The specified kinematic behaviour is simulated with multi body modelling, while drive systems and control system are modelled using a block system model for each drive. The block system model has been used for optimisation of the transmission and motor selection. Paper E presents an approach for re-using CAD geometry for multi body modelling of a rock drilling rig boom. Paper F presents synthesis methods for mechanical systems. Joint and part number synthesis is performed using the Grübler and Euler equations. The synthesis is continued by applying the theory of generative grammar, from which the grammatical rules of planar mechanisms have been formulated. An example of topological synthesis of mechanisms utilising this grammar is presented. Finally, dimensional synthesis of the mechanism is carried out by utilising non-linear programming with addition of a penalty function to avoid singularities.
keywords	Simulation; Optimisation; Control Systems; Computer Aided Engineering; Multi Body Systems; Finite Element Method; Backslash; Clearance; Industrial Robots; Parallel Robots
series	thesis:PhD
last changed	2003/02/12 22:37

_id	ecaade2013_258
id	ecaade2013_258
authors	Makris, Michael; Gerber, David; Carlson, Anders and Noble, Doug
year	2013
title	Informing Design through Parametric Integrated Structural Simulation
source	Stouffs, Rudi and Sariyildiz, Sevil (eds.), Computation and Performance – Proceedings of the 31st eCAADe Conference – Volume 1, Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, 18-20 September 2013, pp. 69-77
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2013.1.069
wos	WOS:000340635300006
summary	The paper describes the development, testing, and initial findings of a design tool that generates parametrically defined, semi-automatically analyzed, and visualized structural performance of specific truss designs. The prototypical design tool provides structural truss solutions for spans of uniform to non-uniform surface curvatures. Real-time visual structural performance feedback enables the designer to more rapidly develop viable and potentially more efficient designs under user defined load conditions. The research methodology is an example of reinforcing structural learning and intuition within the design process. The research presents findings of the impact of iterative and interactive structural feedback through the development of a parametrically integrated structural truss analysis tool for aiding in design decision support.
keywords	Design decision support; structural analysis; parametric design; design optimization; structural design.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	sigradi2023_52
id	sigradi2023_52
authors	Malaquias, Thaysa and Costa, Phillipe
year	2023
title	(Un)Folding the Matrix: Reflections on Architecture and Technology by Feminist Collectives at the end of the 20th century
source	García Amen, F, Goni Fitipaldo, A L and Armagno Gentile, Á (eds.), Accelerated Landscapes - Proceedings of the XXVII International Conference of the Ibero-American Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2023), Punta del Este, Maldonado, Uruguay, 29 November - 1 December 2023, pp. 613–624
summary	This article explores the patriarchal and classical influences on architectural production, resulting in spaces that perpetuate social inequalities and exclude marginalized identities. Drawing from the experience of the Matrix Co-operative of female architects, which aimed at inclusivity and transformation of built environments for women, and the cyberfeminist group VNS Matrix, which harnessed digital technologies to create spaces of free expression, this study draws parallels between both movements. Despite being separated by decades and continents, both groups share a commitment to promoting social change and dismantling oppressions of gender, race, sexuality, and class in physical and virtual spaces.
keywords	Cyberfeminism, Feminism, Matrix Co-Operative, VNS Matrix, Inclusivity
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2024/03/08 14:07

_id	sigradi2010_301
id	sigradi2010_301
authors	Malard, Maria Lúcia; Kölln Elke Berenice
year	2010
title	A imersão virtual em espaços arquitetônicos e a sua colaboração nas decisões de projeto [Immersion in virtual architectural spaces, and their impact on design decision - making]
source	SIGraDi 2010_Proceedings of the 14th Congress of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics, pp. Bogotá, Colombia, November 17-19, 2010, pp. 301-303
summary	Today, with technological advances the way man interacts with the world around him changes every day, bringing our field to the study of perception. For architects it has always been a challenge to represent their projects in view of the architectural object built. This study aimed to understand how immersion in virtual architectural spaces designed will facilitate greater participation of users and architects in design decisions, as well as how virtual immersion may facilitate decisions on collaborative project teams.
keywords	space perception; virtual immersion; architectural design
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:55

_id	ascaad2007_056
id	ascaad2007_056
authors	Maldonado, E.P.
year	2007
title	Among The Fear of the Virtual and Radical Typologics
source	Em‘body’ing Virtual Architecture: The Third International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2007), 28-30 November 2007, Alexandria, Egypt, pp. 713-724
summary	It might seem that architecture has been forced to choose, once again, between two worlds of existence. One of them might be the construction of the tangible, the other, a “formal fantasy” that will never reach a legitimate status among the “tectonic” or the “structural”. This vague spectrum has confirmed the fear of loosing typology as a proof, of loosing a foremost validation for architecture. But one could see the virtual as a possibility to generate a structure of discourses and interactive tactics to reformulate the typological. This meaning that the virtual could transcend the so called “graphic” stigma and actually produce the discourses and spatial strategies to radicalize typologics.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2008/01/21 22:00

_id	ga0011
id	ga0011
authors	Maldonado, Gabriel
year	2000
title	Travels in Space and Time, Explorations of Virtual SoundScapes, Multi-dimensionalism of Digital Music
source	International Conference on Generative Art
summary	Composition and performance of Computer Music still keep some of the features of traditional music, together with new ones. Rhythm, melody, harmony can still be present in new paradigms (even if they are not necessarily required when dealing with computer music), but new compositional parameters are coming to light, causing the term «music» not always to be appropriate to describe new phenomena of sonic art. This paper will show some new paradigms of this kind of sonic art, as well as different view of old ones. Any past dogmas should be wiped out when dealing with digital arts. The rebellion against tonality of the first half of 20th century is surpassed now, and I believe that new music could use harmonic intervals without generating conflicts with the ideological problems which arose at that time (even if there are still many people who don’t admit it). Actually, digital domain opens a huge amount of unexplored worlds, making any past ideological dogma a prison we should free ourselves from. Nowadays, making music has many things in common with visual arts and scientific research. Many musical parameters can be applied to video arts, architecture, and vice-versa. Structure of sound has a lot of similarities with many other physical phenomena such as inner atomic structure, particle physics, astronomy, biology etc. This paper will deal with new uses and interpretations of old musical parameters (rhythm, harmony, melody) together with a presentation of some of the new ones. Debated topics are: ? Harmonic/inharmonic sounds, rhythm and melodies. The Deep Harmony (the harmony of spheres or cosmic harmony CYCLES). ? The inner structure and evolution of a single sound ? Interpretative music: Music generated by exploration of soundscapes or sonic architectures, generative processes constrained by interpreter’s gestures, state transitions between musical structures. ? Generative music: stocastic generation, algorithmic composition, levels of action. ? Music or non-music this is the problem (a terminology problem) ? Hyper-spatial music, virtual times, hyper-times. Time travels by means of sonic matter. ? Visual music. Generating 3D video by means of musical processes.
series	other
more	http://www.generativeart.com/
last changed	2003/08/07 17:25

_id	ga9905
id	ga9905
authors	Maldonado, Gabriel
year	1999
title	Generating digital music with DirectCsound & VMCI
source	International Conference on Generative Art
summary	This paper concerns two computer-music programs: DirectCsound, a real-time version of the well-known sound-synthesis language Csound, and VMCI, a GUI program that allow the user to control DirectCsound in real-time. DirectCsound allows a total live control of the synthesis process. The aim of DirectCsound project is to give the user a powerful and low-cost workstation in order to produce new sounds and new music interactively, and to make live performances with the computer. Try to imagine DirectCsound being a universal musical instrument. VMCI (Virtual Midi Control Interface) is a program which allows to send any kind of MIDI message by means of the mouse and the alpha-numeric keyboard. It has been thought to be used together with DirectCsound, but it can also be used to control any MIDI instrument. It provides several panels with virtual sliders, virtual joysticks and virtual-piano keyboard. The newer version of the program (VMCI Plus 2.0) allows the user to change more than one parameter at the same time by means of the new Hyper-Vectorial-Synthesis control. VMCI supports seven-bit data as well as higher-resolution fourteen-bit data, all supported by the newest versions of Csound.
series	other
email
more	http://www.generativeart.com/
last changed	2003/08/07 17:25

_id	caadria2010_011
id	caadria2010_011
authors	Maleki, Maryam M. and Robert F. Woodbury
year	2010
title	Programming in the model: combining task and tool in computer-aided design
source	Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / Hong Kong 7-10 April 2010, pp. 117-125
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2010.117
summary	Programming takes designers away from typical domain- and task-based interfaces such as three-dimensional modellers. It thus imposes additional cognitive load on the already challenging design task. Programming in the model is a system design strategy that embeds the act of programming in a 3D CAD model. This paper presents the argument for programming in the model and two user interface constructs that support such programming.
keywords	End-user programming; scripting; visual programming; direct manipulation
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	ijac20086401
id	ijac20086401
authors	Maleki, Maryam M.; Woodbury, Robert F.
year	2008
title	Reinterpreting Rasmi Domes with Geometric Constraints:A Case of Goal-seeking in Parametric Systems
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 6 - no. 4, 375-395
summary	Geometry has long been a generator of architecture. In traditional Persian architecture, Rasmi domes project a drawing onto a predefined 3D geometry. In fact, the word 'rasmi' and the verb for drawing in Persian have the same linguistic root. Projection is readily done in manual drawings or conventional CAD programs. From a constraint perspective, the dome is constrained by the drawing and the 3D geometry. If the latter constraint is replaced by invariance of distance on the original drawing, a class of domes results, but members of this class cannot be computed conventionally. Class members are developable from a planar layout of triangles, which is, in turn, generated by a simple drawing rule. This yields a parametric structure of four parameters. Three determine the initial planar diagram. One determines configuration. Further, domes in the class are mechanisms: they are not fully specified by the constraints and parameters. We develop the geometric constraints representing the location of the defining points of a dome and present a goal-seeking algorithm to solve the constraints within a propagation-based parametric modeling system.
series	journal
last changed	2009/03/03 07:48

_id	acadia13_191
id	acadia13_191
authors	Maleki, Maryam M.; Woodbury, Robert F.
year	2013
title	Programming In The Model — A New Scripting Interface for Parametric CAD Systems
source	ACADIA 13: Adaptive Architecture [Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-1-926724-22-5] Cambridge 24-26 October, 2013), pp. 191-198
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2013.191
summary	Programming, often called scripting, has become a key feature in most CAD systems and an equally key area of expertise in CAD. However, programming surrenders many of the benefits of direct manipulation and introduces notational elements that are cognitively distant from the designs being created. In addition, it creates barriers to use and is often perceived as being too difficult to apply. We introduce Programming In the Model (PIM) through a prototype, implementing live side-by-side views, multi-view brushing and highlighting, live scripting, auto- translating from modeling operations to script and localized relational information within model windows. A qualitative user study confirms PIM’s features and raises issues for future development. A key result is the need for multi-directional extreme liveness , that is, maintaining consistency of action across views at the smallest possible scale. We argue that PIM principles are applicable in textual and visual programming alike.
keywords	tools and interfaces, end-user programming, parametric design, scripting, human computer interaction, live programming
series	ACADIA
type	Normal Paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

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