Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

PDF papers
References

Hits 1 to 20 of 17227

Reformat results as: short short into frame detailed detailed into frame

_id	6063
authors	Cheng, Nancy Yen-Wen
year	1996
title	Teaching CAD as a Foreign Language
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.1996.011
source	CAADRIA ‘96 [Proceedings of The First Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 9627-75-703-9] Hong Kong (Hong Kong) 25-27 April 1996, pp. 11-20
summary	By looking at the well-developed discipline of language teaching, we can improve instruction of computer aided design communication. Language teaching not only breaks down a complex field into attainable steps, but also shows how learning strategies and attitudes can enhance mastery. Guiding students in learning approaches will equip them to deal with constantly changing technology. Even at an introductory level, awareness of the learning process can heighten learning. Thus, giving a conceptual framework and enhancing resource-finding, brainstorming and coping abilities will lead to threshold competence. Practicing these strategies on realistic projects hones the ability to connect concepts to actual situations. Both design or research projects exercise resource-usage, task management, crisis management, but specifically, collaboration exercises which engage the students with a real audience can provide strong motivation and link academic study to practical concerns. Ideas about teaching techniques are documented with examples from the University of Hong Kong.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	ab2e
authors	Cheng, Nancy Yen-Wen
year	1998
title	Wayfinding In Cyberspace - Negotiating Connections between Sites
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.1998.083
source	CAADRIA ‘98 [Proceedings of The Third Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 4-907662-009] Osaka (Japan) 22-24 April 1998, pp. 83-92
summary	As the number of 3D virtual worlds grow, the distributed nature of the Internet will juxtapose many different kinds of spatial environments. Moving between these environments can be disorienting due to the lack of structural continuity. How can we create an easily navigable experience in a realm so different from the stable, natural world that we inhabit? This paper provides background about navigating virtual worlds, discusses the boundary gaps and describes efforts in how to bridge these gaps. Using examples from an academic exercise, archetypes of negotiated connections between sites are proposed.
keywords	Electronic Design Media, Virtual Reality, Precedence and Prototypes
series	CAADRIA
email
more	http://www.caadria.org
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	ecaade2016_147
id	ecaade2016_147
authors	Tamke, Martin, Zwierzycki, Mateusz, Evers, Henrik Leander, Ochmann, Sebastian, Vock, Richard and Wessel, Raoul
year	2016
title	Tracking Changes in Buildings over Time - Fully Automated Reconstruction and Difference Detection of 3d Scan and BIM files
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2016.2.643
source	Herneoja, Aulikki; Toni Österlund and Piia Markkanen (eds.), Complexity & Simplicity - Proceedings of the 34th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, 22-26 August 2016, pp. 643-651
summary	Architectural and Engineering Communities are interested in the detection of differences between different representations of the same building. These can be the differences between the design and the as-built-state of a building, or the detection of changes that occur over time and that are documented by consecutive 3D scans. Current approaches for the detection of differences between 3D scans and 3D building models are however laborious and work only on the level of a building element. We demonstrate a novel highly automated workflow to detect differences between representations of the same building. We discuss the underlying tools and methods and the ways to communicate deviations and differences in an appropriate manner and evaluate our approach with a rich set of real world datasets.
wos	WOS:000402064400065
keywords	3d scan; BIM; Machine learning; Point Clouds; Big Data
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	ijac201816202
id	ijac201816202
authors	Tamke, Martin; Paul Nicholas and Mateusz Zwierzycki
year	2018
title	Machine learning for architectural design: Practices and infrastructure
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 16 - no. 2, 123-143
summary	In this article, we propose that new architectural design practices might be based on machine learning approaches to better leverage data-rich environments and workflows. Through reference to recent architectural research, we describe how the application of machine learning can occur throughout the design and fabrication process, to develop varied relations between design, performance and learning. The impact of machine learning on architectural practices with performance-based design and fabrication is assessed in two cases by the authors. We then summarise what we perceive as current limits to a more widespread application and conclude by providing an outlook and direction for future research for machine learning in architectural design practice.
keywords	Machine learning, robotic fabrication, design-integrated simulation, material behaviour, feedback, Complex Modelling
series	journal
email
last changed	2019/08/07 14:03

_id	caadria2024_81
id	caadria2024_81
authors	Cheng, Sifan and van Ameijde, Jeroen
year	2024
title	Sensing Streets: Exploring the Association Between Cityscape Qualities and Street Perceptions Using Street View Imagery and Natural Language Processing
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2024.2.139
source	Nicole Gardner, Christiane M. Herr, Likai Wang, Hirano Toshiki, Sumbul Ahmad Khan (eds.), ACCELERATED DESIGN - Proceedings of the 29th CAADRIA Conference, Singapore, 20-26 April 2024, Volume 2, pp. 139–148
summary	Assessing the perception of street environments and understanding the relationships between their aesthetic qualities and pedestrian experiences are critical to promoting walking behaviour and enhancing urban residents’ long-term well-being. While Machine Learning-based analysis of Street View Imagery (SVI) has enabled a range of streetscape studies, the relationship between the visual qualities of cityscapes and people’s emotional responses is still under studied. This study used recently developed computational methods to quantify urban street qualities and related sentiments. It collected online reviews and employed Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods to understand how people perceive streets and which environmental features contribute to positive and negative street perceptions. The analytical framework developed in this study can support other high-resolution studies into the spatial-temporal perception of cityscapes in high-density cities across the world.
keywords	Cityscape Quality, Street Perception, Social Media Data, Sentiment Analysis, Natural Language Processing
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	caadria2010_046
id	caadria2010_046
authors	Tan, Beng-Kiang and Jung-Ho Yeom
year	2010
title	Interactive message wall: a public display for collective sharing in real and virtual place
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2010.487
source	Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / Hong Kong 7-10 April 2010, pp. 487-496
summary	In this paper, we propose a design of an interactive message wall as a public display for large group setting such as a university community to encourage user participation, social interaction and creation of user content. It is a public display for collective sharing of thoughts. It is also a portal for online users to make their presence felt in the physical place. Both users at the physical place and in an online virtual world can post messages to the interactive message wall. The paper will present user studies carried out with a mock-up message wall to establish how onsite users use it, their preferred ways to leave messages, what medium of content (voice, photo, text, video) they are willing to share, and user participation. The results of the user studies will inform the design of the interactive message wall and provide learning points on how to promote user participation.
keywords	Interactive message wall; public display; ubiquitous computing; virtual worlds; second life
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	caadria2010_010
id	caadria2010_010
authors	Tan, Beng-Kiang and Stephen Lim Tsung Yee
year	2010
title	Place and placelessness in 3D online virtual world
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2010.103
source	Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / Hong Kong 7-10 April 2010, pp. 103-112
summary	This paper examines the issue of place-making in 3D virtual world from the design point of view. It aims to find out what are the elements to create a sense of place. As Second Life currently has the largest users among 3D virtual worlds, it is selected as a study case. The methodology consists of theoretical studies and ethnographic observation. Firstly, literature review of theories regarding place-making in the physical world and the virtual world were done. From that a framework was formulated as a common basis for ethnographic observations and interviews at three real world public spaces and four locations in Second Life. This paper presents findings from the latter. The focus areas are physical settings, activities and experience of users. The observations are discussed and criteria for place-making in multiuser 3D online virtual environments are proposed. This paper will contribute to the understanding of how to design a place rather than space in 3D online virtual world.
keywords	3D virtual world; Second Life; place-making; multiuser online virtual environment
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	caadria2008_70_session7a_579
id	caadria2008_70_session7a_579
authors	Tan, Beng-Kiang; Daniel Jun Chung Hii
year	2008
title	The Acceptable Visual Quality of Stereoscopic Virtual Reality Architectural Visualisation
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2008.579
source	CAADRIA 2008 [Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Chiang Mai (Thailand) 9-12 April 2008, pp. 579-586
summary	The realism of VR visualisation is diminished when images look pixelated or forms are faceted instead of smooth. What constitutes acceptable visual quality by viewers? This paper presents the survey results of what is the acceptable visual quality of triangle complexity and texture resolution for full-size VR visualisation on a large screen and serves as a guide to create VR models more efficiently.
keywords	Virtual Reality, Stereoscopic, Visualisation, User perception
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	caadria2000_000
id	caadria2000_000
authors	Tan, Beng-Kiang; Tan, Milton; Wong, Yunn-Chii (eds.)
year	2000
title	CAADRIA 2000
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2000
source	Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 981-04-2491-4] Singapore 18-19 May 2000, 519 p.
summary	Ever since the advent of computer graphics in the sixties, computer-aided architectural design (CAAD) has made a great impact in architectural education and practice. Its central role as a new media for the representation and analysis of designs will ensure that it will continue to do so. The teaching and research in CAAD in Asia have also been growing in scope and in quality. In the 21st century, the challenges of architectural education and practice in the new millennium will open up new fronts in CAAD research. This conference is an important platform to evaluate the challenge and opportunities and will enable researchers to exchange ideas and collaboration in projects with specific relevance to CADD for Asia. This compilation of 48 papers were elected through a blind review by an international panel and presented at the conference in Singapore on 18 - 19 May 2000. The chapters are organised according to the main topics covered by the conference -- Collaborative Design, Simulation, Design Education, Knowledge Representation, Design Process, Information Systems, Design Tools, Virtual Reality and Computer Media. The Collaborative Design section consists of papers which deal with Collaborative Design Process interfaces to databases, Collaborative Design System for Citizen Participation, Team Awareness in Collaboration and Computer Environment for supporting Design Collaboration. The Simulation section deals with lighting studies, colour assessment, simulation of urban growth patterns, dynamic simulations in buildings and way-finding. The Design Education section consists of papers on design pedagogy in design studios using computers, virtual studios and virtual learning. The Knowledge Representation section consists of papers that deal with knowledge-based systems, design representation and shape grammar. The Design Process section consists of papers on design process and cognition, design creativity and the computer media. The Information Systems section consists of papers on information navigation, information management, design information repository and databases. The Design Tools section consists of papers on design tools based on generative systems, a new method for 3D animation and movement-in-architectural-space representation. The Virtual Reality and Computer Media section deals with virtual reality applications and tools in architecture, designing virtual environments and computer media and visualization.
series	CAADRIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:49

_id	caadria2024_398
id	caadria2024_398
authors	Tan, Linus and Luke, Thom
year	2024
title	Accelerating Future Scenario Development For Concept Design With Text-Based GenAI (ChatGPT)
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2024.1.039
source	Nicole Gardner, Christiane M. Herr, Likai Wang, Hirano Toshiki, Sumbul Ahmad Khan (eds.), ACCELERATED DESIGN - Proceedings of the 29th CAADRIA Conference, Singapore, 20-26 April 2024, Volume 1, pp. 39–48
summary	This case study describes the integration of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) into a design workflow that envisions future scenarios for concept development. While image-based GenAI tools like MidJourney and Stable Diffusion have garnered attention from designers for their ability to visualise ideas rapidly, integrating textual GenAI, like ChatGPT-3.5, in design workflows has been less explored. This case study investigates how future thinking techniques can be digitized and accelerated using ChatGPT-3.5 to create a textual GenAI-embedded design workflow. Next, we test the workflow with postgraduate design students to speculate future scenarios, substantiate scenarios with existing circumstantial evidence, and develop a concept design based on the scenario. The outcomes highlight that GenAI suggested social changes from a range of disciplines, and designers still need to search for the source to clarify and evidence the changes manually. The case study concludes by describing the benefits of using textual GenAI in design workflows, and future research needed to strengthen the use of textual GenAI as a tool for design concept development.
keywords	Future scenario, Futures thinking, Horizon Scanning, Signal, Futures Wheel, Generative AI, ChatGPT, Concept design
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	aa38
authors	Tan, M., Gan, J., Indorf, P., Man, D., Teh, R., Datta, S., Serra, L. and Loo, J.
year	1995
title	Multivalent Architectural Case Information for Creative Reasoning
source	Sixth International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Futures [ISBN 9971-62-423-0] Singapore, 24-26 September 1995, pp. 543-554
summary	The theoretical underpinnings, practical and technical implementation of a multimedia database to support creative designing is presented through a prototype system which would go on-line in the near future. At the heart of the system is the notion that architectural knowledge is multivalent ñ requiring the means for recombination in new and different ways to support design thinking. The system also attempts to deal with the practical issues of case building, 3D modelling, interface design and technical clarity.
keywords	Creativity, Multimedia, Case-Based Reasoning, Computer-Aided Architectural Design, Architectural Database, Visual Database, Virtual Reality.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/05/16 20:58

_id	8a0c
authors	Tan, Milton
year	1990
title	Saying What It Is by What It Is Like - Describing Shapes Using Line Relationships
source	The Electronic Design Studio: Architectural Knowledge and Media in the Computer Era [CAAD Futures ‘89 Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-262-13254-0] Cambridge (Massachusetts / USA), 1989, pp. 201-213
summary	Shapes - taken as well-defined collections of lines - are fundamental building blocks in architectural drawings. From doodles to shop drawings, shapes are used to denote ideas and represent elements of design, many of which ultimately translate into actual objects. But because designs evolve, the shapes representing a design are seldom static - instead, they are perpetually open to transformations. And since transformations involve relationships, conventional methods of describing shapes as sets of discrete endpoints may not provide an appropriate foundation for schematic design. This paper begins with a review of the perception of shapes and its significance in design. In particular, it argues that juxtapositions and inter-relationships of shapes are important seedbeds for creative development of designs. It is clear that conventional representation of shapes as sets of discrete lines does not cope with these -emergent" subshapes; the most basic of which arise out of intersecting and colinear lines. Attempts to redress this by using ‘reduction rules’ based on traditional point-and-line data structures are encumbered by computational problems of precision and shape specification. Basically, this means that some ‘close’ cases of sub-shapes may escape detection and their specifications are difficult to use in substitution operations. The paper presents the findings of a computer project - Emergence II - which explored a 'relational' description of shapes based on the concept of construction lines. It builds on the notion that architectural shapes are constructed in a graphic context and that, at a basic compositional level, the context can be set by construction lines. Accordingly, the interface enables the delineation of line segments with reference to pre-established construction lines. This results in a simple data structure where the knowledge of shapes is centralized in a lookup table of all its construction lines rather than dispersed in the specifications of line segments. Taking this approach, the prototype software shows the ease and efficiency of applying ‘reduction rules’ for intersection and colinear conditions, and for finding emergent sub-shapes by simply tracking the construction lines delimiting the ends of line segments.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2003/05/16 20:58

_id	83b4
authors	Tan, Milton
year	1991
title	Themes for Schemes: Design Creativity as the Conceptualization, Transformation, and Representation of Emergent Forms
source	Harvard University, Graduate School of Design
summary	Architects, graphic designers, and others frequently develop designs by picking out and transforming subshapes of two-dimensional or three-dimensional shapes. Shape grammars formalize this aspect of design by specifying rules of the form $a /to b$: the left-hand side a describes a type of subshape that may be picked out, while the right-hand side b describes what that type of subshape may become. Designs in the language specified by a shape grammar are derived by recursively applying the shape transformation rules to a starting shape. To apply a shape-transformation rule automatically, a computer system, must have the capacity to recognize instances of the type of subshape specified on the left-hand side of the rule. Sometimes such instances are explicitly input by the designer, and explicitly represented in a data structure: in this case, recognition is a relatively straightforward task. But there may also be 'emergent' instances that were not explicitly input, and are only indirectly represented in the data structure. These emergent instances are potentially numerous, and may be extremely difficult to discover. This thesis focuses on mechanisms for picking out and transforming subshapes. The first three chapters place the issue in its broadest context by arguing that different designers--bringing different knowledge and attitudes to the task--will pick out and pay attention to different subshapes in a drawing. This contention is supported by introducing some of the relevant literature on perception, problem-solving, and creativity. Chapter 4 introduces shape grammars to provide a more formal framework for investigating this topic. Chapter 5 describes the properties and limitations of Topdown--a computer program which supports design by applying the rules of a shape grammar, but does not provide for recognition of emergent subshapes. Chapter 6 introduces ECART, a computer program which supports efficient recognition and transformation of emergent subshapes, and demonstrates how its performance transcends that of Topdown. Examination of the results produced by ECART suggest that a designer's conceptual filter--the repertoire of subshape types that he or she can recognize in a drawing--plays a crucial role in the development of design ideas.
keywords	Computer Graphics; Computer Software; Development
series	thesis:PhD
email
last changed	2003/02/12 22:37

_id	4094
authors	Tan, Milton
year	1996
title	Design Thinking and the Need for Open Access to Multimedia Sources
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.1996.099
source	CAADRIA ‘96 [Proceedings of The First Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 9627-75-703-9] Hong Kong (Hong Kong) 25-27 April 1996, pp. 99-107
summary	To realise the impact of Multimedia Information Technology on architecture, it is necessary first to re-map the position of media technology in the design thinking process. This would then reveal the key issues and priorities facing the development IT applications for architectural design. In the particular context of Asia, special considerations and opportunities exist which make it even more compelling to have a clear frame of reference. These three interconnected topics constitute the concerns of this paper.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	ecaade2020_284
id	ecaade2020_284
authors	Tan, Rachel, Patt, Trevor, Koh, Seow Jin and Chen, Edmund
year	2020
title	Exploration & Validation - Making sense of generated data in large option sets
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2020.1.653
source	Werner, L and Koering, D (eds.), Anthropologic: Architecture and Fabrication in the cognitive age - Proceedings of the 38th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 16-18 September 2020, pp. 653-662
summary	The project is a real-world case study where we advised our client in the selection of a viable and well-performing design from a set of computationally generated options. This process was undertaken while validating the algorithmic generative process and user-defined evaluation criteria through scrutinizing the other alternative options to ensure ample variability was considered. Optimisation algorithms were not ideal as low performing options were not visible to validate variability. We established variability by extracting the different groups of options, proving to the client that various operational behaviours were present and accounted for. In order to sieve through the noise and derive meaningful results, we employed methods to filter through thousands of options, including: k-means clustering, archetypal labelling and analysis, pareto front analysis and visualisation overlays. We present a sense-making and decision-making process that utilizes principles of genetic algorithms and analysis of multi-dimensional user-derived evaluation scores. To enable the client's confidence in the computational model, we proved the effectiveness of the generative model through communicating and visualizing the impact of different criterias. This ensured that operational needs were considered. The visualization methods we employed, including pareto front extraction and analysis eventually helped our clients to arrive at a decision.
keywords	generative design; validation; multi-objective optimisation; k-means; pareto front; decision-making
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	caadria2018_212
id	caadria2018_212
authors	Tan, Ying Yi and Lee, Tat Lin
year	2018
title	The Flexible Textile Mesh - Manufacture of Curved Perforated Cladding Panels
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2018.2.349
source	T. Fukuda, W. Huang, P. Janssen, K. Crolla, S. Alhadidi (eds.), Learning, Adapting and Prototyping - Proceedings of the 23rd CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 17-19 May 2018, pp. 349-358
summary	This paper presents a new approach to manufacture lightweight perforated panels using textile reinforced composites (TRCs) for curved building designs. It explores the design variation of a graded mesh as a knitted textile formwork created by CNC knitting technology that can be edge-shaped by bendable elements and sprayed with polymer resin to form the composite panel.
keywords	Textile-reinforced composites; Knitted textiles; Perforated Panels
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	4c36
authors	Tang, Hsien-Hui and Gero, John S.
year	2001
title	Roles of knowledge while designing and their implications for CAAD
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2001.081
source	CAADRIA 2001 [Proceedings of the Sixth Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 1-86487-096-6] Sydney 19-21 April 2001, pp. 81-89
summary	This paper outlines some roles of knowledge while designing based on experimental results from studying novice and expert designers. The implications of these experimental results on future CAAD systems are discussed.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	44cd
authors	Tang, Hsien-Hui and Gero, John S.
year	2000
title	A Content-Oriented Coding Scheme for Protocol Analysis and Computer-Aided Architectural Design
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2000.265
source	CAADRIA 2000 [Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 981-04-2491-4] Singapore 18-19 May 2000, pp. 265-275
summary	In this paper we introduce a content-oriented scheme for protocol studies of designers and demonstrate its benefit for CAAD research. The structure of the coding scheme is described. We discuss how this method can benefit CAAD research and its differences from the process-oriented method used previously. With this method we analyze data to describe the design process as the combination of sensor-driven and process-driven processes. The results emphasize the importance of the sensor-driven processes in the design process. As a consequence we are able to propose some areas for CAAD tools that are based on the cognitive behaviours of designers.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	bbdc
authors	Tang, J.C.
year	1991
title	Findings from observational studies of collaborative work
source	international Joumal of Man-Machine Studies, 34(2), 143-160
summary	The work activity of small groups of three to four people was videotaped and analyzed in order to understand collaborative work and to guide the development of tools to support it. The software tools we currently have are often based on a single user model. Even those that are based on multiple user models define structures of interaction that restrict fluid collaboration. We need observe how people collaborate then build software that facilitates collaboration based on those observations, giving the users the tools" that are "naturally" defined in face-to-face interaction. In this experiment small groups of people were observed in a collaborative design task using a shared drawing space. Specific features of collaborative work activity that raise design implications for collaborative technology: 1. collaborators use hand gestures to uniquely communicate significant information 2. the process of creating and using drawings conveys much information not contained in the resulting drawings 3. the drawing space is an important resource for the group in mediating their collaboration 4. there is a fluent mix of activity in the drawing space 5. the spatial orientation among the collaborators and the drawing space has a role in structuring their activity
series	other
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	1b88
authors	Tang, John C.
year	1989
title	Listing, Drawing and Gesturing in Design: A Study of the Use of Shared Workspaces by Design Teams
source	Stanford University
summary	This dissertation is a descriptive study of the shared workspace activity of small groups working on conceptual design tasks. Shared workspace activity refers to the listing, drawing, and gesturing activity that occurs in the work environment of a group. This research is premised on the need to understand what participants actually do in an activity in order to guide the development of technology (especially advanced computer tools) to support this activity. The thesis presents: (1) a methodology for observing and analyzing collaborative design activity; (2) a detailed description and analysis of key aspects of shared workspace activity; (3) a set of specific recommendations for the design of tools to support shared workspace activity. The methodology of interaction analysis was applied to study the activity of small groups (3-4 people) working on short (approximately 1$1/over2$ hours) conceptual design tasks. The group's work was organized around either a whiteboard or large paper sheets on a conference table. Eight design sessions were videotaped and analyzed. The analysis included integrating a variety of perspectives on the data, including that of the participants themselves. The analysis focused on how teams use their shared workspace. A framework for analyzing workspace activity was proposed. This framework provides a structure for categorizing workspace activity according to two dimensions: actions and functions. The actions describe the process of producing the activity: listing, drawing or gesturing. The functions indicate the purpose effectively accomplished by the activity: storing information, expressing ideas, or mediating interaction. Using the framework to analyze workspace activity led to specific observations about shared workspace activity: (1) gestures, and their relationship to the workspace, convey important information; (2) the overhead involved in the process of recording information can be problematic; (3) the process of creating artifacts conveys significant information that is useful in understanding their meaning; (4) workspace actions and functions fluently intermix; (5) the nature of access to the workspace (orientation, simultaneous access, and proximity) structures how the workspace is used. These observations led to specific recommendations for the development of technology to support shared workspace activity.
series	thesis:PhD
email
last changed	2003/02/12 22:37

For more results click below: