Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	ga0229
id	ga0229
authors	Liou, S.-R.
year	2002
title	Design from Known to New -Issues of Generative Architecture under Digital Environment
source	International Conference on Generative Art
summary	Given the power of digital design media, architects are confronting a new territory of architectural morphology. This paper attempts to explore the issues of generative architecture under digital environment. It is concerned with architectural precedents, their morphological attributes, and morphological analysis as the point of departure for generating new designs. Three design experiments are employed for the exploration. The first experiment addresses the issue of a single building. The second experiment focuses on the problem of urban architecture. The third design experiment places emphasis on the issue of urban landform. In addition to the exciting novel forms and spaces generated from the afore-mentioned design experiments, a number of critical issues on generative architecture are raised and discussed in the paper. Among them are: (1) the concept and logic underlying the methodology of the design experiments; (2) the formulation of the generative design systems utilizing the existing morphological structures; (3) the employment of the digital design media (e.g. image processing, 3D abstraction and extrusion) for various purposes during the process of analysis and generation.
series	other
email
more	http://www.generativeart.com/
last changed	2003/08/07 17:25

_id	895d
authors	Liou, S.-R., Vakalo, E.-G. and Chang, K.-C.
year	1997
title	An Experiment on Hybrid Architectural Form-Making
source	CAAD Futures 1997 [Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-7923-4726-9] München (Germany), 4-6 August 1997, pp. 837-842
summary	This paper illustrates an approach to hybrid architectural form-making. A hypothetical project - the Des Moines Art Center 3rd Addition - is employed as a design experiment. The computer is used as a form-searching medium in the form-making process. Suggesting an addition to the existing center designed by Saarinen, Pei, and Meier, the designer is confronting the problem of how to respond to the three distinct architectural styles. The proposed solution to this problem is to create a hybrid building which inherits architectural properties from those precedents. Potentials of the use of the computer for such task are discussed.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	1999/04/06 09:19

_id	181b
authors	Liou, Shuenn-Ren
year	1992
title	A computer-based framework for analyzing and deriving the morphological structure of architectural designs
source	University of Michigan
summary	An approach to the acquisition and utilization of knowledge about the morphological structure of notable orthogonal building plans and other two-dimensional compositions is formulated and tested. This approach consists of two levels of abstraction within which the analysis and comparison of existing designs and the derivation of new designs can be undertaken systematically and efficiently. Specifically, the morphological structure of orthogonal building plans and other two-dimensional compositions is conceived as a language defined by shape grammar and architectural grammar corresponding to the geometric and spatial structures of the compositions. Lines constitute the shape grammar and walls and columns the architectural grammar. A computer program named ANADER is designed and implemented using the C++ object-oriented language to describe feasible compositions. It is argued that the gap between morphological analysis and synthesis is bridged partially because the proposed framework facilitates systematic comparisons of the morphological structures of two-dimensional orthogonal compositions and provides insight into the form-making process used to derive them. As an analytical system, the framework contributes to the generation of new and the assessment of existing morphological knowledge. Specifically, it is demonstrated that it is feasible to specify an existing architectural design by a set of universal rule schemata and the sequence of their application. As a generative system, the framework allows many of the tasks involved in the derivation of two-dimensional orthogonal compositions to be carried out. As well, it promotes the use of analytical results. In conclusion, it is argued that the proposed computer-based framework will provide the research and the educator with increasing opportunities for addressing persistent architectural questions in new ways. Of particular interest to this author are questions concerning the decision-making activities involved in form- and space-making as well as the description, classification, and derivation of architecutural form and space. It is suggested that, at least in reference to the cases examined, but probably also in reference to many other morphological classes, these and other related questions can be addressed systematically, efficiently, and fruitfully by using the proposed framework.
series	thesis:PhD
last changed	2003/02/12 22:37

_id	00d5
authors	Liou, ShuennRen and Chyn, TaRen
year	2000
title	Constructing Geometric Regularity underlying Building Facades
source	Promise and Reality: State of the Art versus State of Practice in Computing for the Design and Planning Process [18th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-6-5] Weimar (Germany) 22-24 June 2000, pp. 313-315
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2000.313
summary	Geometric regularity constitutes a basis for designers to initiate the formulation of building shapes and urban forms. For example, Le Corbusier considers the regulating line "an inevitable element of architecture" and uses it as a "means" for understanding and creating good designs. Thomas Beeby argues that the acquisition of knowledge on geometric construction plays a crucial role in the education of architecture design. This paper illustrates a computational approach to constructing the regularity of architectural geometry. The formal structure underlying a single façade and continuous façades are examined.
keywords	Geometric Regularity, Building Facades, Cluster Analysis, CAAD
series	eCAADe
email
more	http://www.uni-weimar.de/ecaade/
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	67c9
authors	Lipski, Witold Jr. and Preparata, Franco P.
year	1980
title	Finding the Contour of a Union of Iso-Oriented Rectangles
source	Journal of Algorithms. Academic Press Inc., January, 1980. pp. 235-246 : some ill. a short bibliography
summary	In this paper the following geometric problem is considered. Let R1,...,Rm be rectangles on the plane with sides parallel to the coordinate axes. An algorithm is described for finding the contour of F = R1, U...U Rm, in O(m log m+p log(2m2/p)) time, where p is the number of edges in the contour. This is O(m2) in the general case, and o(m log m) when F is without holes (then p < 8m - 4); both of these performances are optimal
keywords	rectangles, geometry, computational geometry, algorithms
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 10:24

_id	8bea
authors	Lipson, H. and Shpitalni, M.
year	1996
title	Optimization-based reconstruction of a 3D object from a single freehand line drawing
source	Computer-Aided Design, Vol. 28 (8) (1996) pp. 651-663
summary	This paper describes an optimization-based algorithm for reconstructing a 3D model from a single, inaccurate, 2D edge-vertex graph. The graph, which serves as input for the reconstruction process, is obtained froman inaccurate freehand sketch of a 3D wireframe object. Compared with traditional reconstruction methods based on line labelling, the proposed approach is more tolerant of faults in handling both inaccurate vertexpositioning and sketches with missing entities. Furthermore, the proposed reconstruction method supports a wide scope of general (manifold and non-manifold) objects containing flat and cylindrical faces. Sketchesof wireframe models usually include enough information to reconstruct the complete body. The optimization algorithm is discussed, and examples from a working implementation are given.
keywords	Drawing To Model, Optimization, Robustness
series	journal paper
last changed	2003/05/15 21:33

_id	sigradi2007_af84
id	sigradi2007_af84
authors	Lira Veras Xavier de Andrade, Max; Alaí Mille da Silva Brito; Calil Vidal; José Adenilton Santos Andrade; José Cristiano da Costa Silva; Josival Corrêa de Araújo Júnior; Rodrigo Oliveira Nobre
year	2007
title	Comparative analyses of use of different digital media in architectural design process [Análise Comparativa do Uso de Diversas Mídias Digitais no Desenvolvimento do Projeto Arquitetônico]
source	SIGraDi 2007 - [Proceedings of the 11th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] México D.F. - México 23-25 October 2007, pp. 177-181
summary	This paper discusses a class experience that investigates the design process using different digital media. The objective is comparing the advantages e disadvantages in different architectural design stage of three different computer graphics software: Sketch up, AutoCAD e ArchiCAD. At first an initial design process of three groups of individuals is carried out. In the next step, specialization on computer graphics software, time spent in design, graphics quality, design quality and the level of computer graphics tools thought as aids to architectural design are investigated. The results indicate the importance to choose different computer graphics to different design problem.
keywords	BIM; computer graphics; design process; design; design methodology
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:55

_id	5060
authors	Lira, Roberto O. and Vidal, Claudia G.
year	2001
title	APLICACIÓN DE HERRAMIENTAS DE GRAFICA DIGITAL AL DESARROLLO URBANO REGIONAL: EXPERIENCIA DEL LABORATORIO DE ESTUDIOS URBANOS (Application of Digital Graphic Tools in the Development of Regional Urbanism: The Experience of the Laboratory of Urban Studies)
source	SIGraDi biobio2001 - [Proceedings of the 5th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics / ISBN 956-7813-12-4] Concepcion (Chile) 21-23 november 2001, pp. 325-327
summary	Today it is known that the knowledge and the territory administration requires a modern systems of calculation that spatially order and processes this information. For this, the Laboratory of Urban Studies (LUS), is dedicated to the study of the space distribution phenomenon, by means of computational graph technology. The present work has the objective to present the LUS experience in the application of two tools of digital graph to the urban regional development: using the Systems of Geographical Information (SGI) in the integral evaluation of natural risks in the city of Concepción and the application of Animation 3D in the design of “Avenida Los Plátanos” in the University of Bío-Bío.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:55

_id	3c37
authors	Lira, Roberto O. and Vidal, Claudia G.
year	2002
title	Evaluación de un instrumento para medir el acceso a equipamientos urbanos: el caso de Concepción [Tool evaluation to measure the access to urban equipment: Concepcion's case]
source	SIGraDi 2002 - [Proceedings of the 6th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Caracas (Venezuela) 27-29 november 2002, pp. 101-104
summary	The paper explains the evaluation of an instrument, based on a GIS to asses the level of proximity of neighborhood locations to urban services and facilities. Starting from a selected set of these, circles are drawn on a city map with radii representing neighborhood access. The areas within the circles are identified as having a certain level of access. Neighborhood locations within the intersection of two or more of these circles are assigned increasing levels of access. The result is an “access map” atthe city level which represents the amount of services or “urban benefits” that a person can get from a specific neighborhood location. This map is then compared to population distribution and analyzed in terms of deficit of services and facilities.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:55

_id	aba4
authors	Lischinski, D. Tampieri, F. and Greenberg, D.P.
year	1992
title	Discontinuity Meshing for Accurate Radiosity
source	IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, November 1992, pp.25-38
summary	We discuss the problem of accurately computing the illumination of a diffuse polyhedral environment due to an area light source. We show how umbra and penumbra boundaries and other illumination details correspond to discontinuities in the radiance function and its derivatives. The shape, location, and order of these discontinuities is determined by the geometry of the light sources and obstacles in the environment. We describe an object-space algorithm that accurately reproduces the radiance across a surface by constructing a discontinuity mesh that explicitly represents various discontinuities in the radiance function as boundaries between mesh elements. A piecewise quadratic interpolant is used to approximate the radiance function, preserving the discontinuities associated with the edges in the mesh. This algorithm can be used in the framework of a progressive refinement radiosity system to solve the diffuse global illumination problem. Results produced by the new method are compared with ones obtained using a standard radiosity system.
series	journal paper
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	c65f
authors	Littlefair, P.J.
year	1991
title	Site Layout Planning for Daylight and Sunlight
source	Building Research Establishment Report
summary	This guide gives advice on site layout planning to achieve good sunlight and daylight within buildings and adjacent open spaces such as gardens. It includes methods that allow for the calculation of sunlight or daylight levels at 4 different latitudes within the UK and for different times of the year. An additional section discusses the subject of site layout and design for obtaining maximum solar energy. This guide supersedes the original Department of the Environment document Sunlight and Daylight. BRE 209 has sections for the following:- * Light from the Sky. * New development. * Existing Buildings. * Adjoining development land. * Sunlighting. * New development. * Existing Buildings. * Gardens & open spaces. * Passive solar design. * Other issues. * View. * Privacy. * Security. * Access. * Enclosure. * Microclimate. * Solar dazzle. * Appendix A. Indicators to calculate access to sunlight, skylight and solar radiation. * Appendix B. A waldram diagram to calculate vertical sky component. * Appendix C. Interior daylighting recommendations. * Appendix D. Plotting the no-sky line. * Appendix E. Rights to light. * Appendix F. Setting alternative target values for skylight access. * Appendix G. Calculation of sun on the ground. * Appendix H. Definitions.
series	report
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	caadria2009_170
id	caadria2009_170
authors	Liu Zhi; Jixi Ai and Zheng Wang
year	2009
title	Study on Zoning of Urban Morphology based on GIS
source	Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / Yunlin (Taiwan) 22-25 April 2009, pp. 317-326
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2009.317
summary	The traditional studies of urban morphology mainly focus on material aspects such as urban construction, urban environment. The writers of the paper, however, point out that the nature behind material aspects should be load capacity of urban land-use, which can be reflected through some economic and technological indexes, such as floor area ratio(FAR), building density and building height, and generally they are relative. The paper forms a new morphology zoning method after having studied the relation of the above indexes based on the digital methods of GIS. This rout of thought may have some reference value for controlling the expanse of urban land-use, optimizing the allocation of resources and urban morphology and supervising the implementation of urban planning. In the paper, the author proposed the concept of “zhubei” to describe and evaluate urban morphology. We can further analyze “zhubei” regards urban planning analysis and management, for example, the slope analysis, aspect analysis, view analysis, area and volume analysis etc. Therefore, we can describe current urban morphology and evaluate its rationality by relevant conclusions just like describing vegetation.
keywords	urban morphology: zoning: GIS; digital; planning; zhubei
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	ef83
authors	Liu, A.M.M.
year	1999
title	Residential satisfaction in housing estates: a Hong Kong perspective
source	Automation in Construction 8 (4) (1999) pp. 511-524
summary	Post-occupancy evaluation (POE) has been developed to address the problem of acquiring feedback from the occupants who are, arguably, in the best position to provide information for a future design database. This paper presents a study of the factors (on both physical and social levels), which influence residential satisfaction of a sample of occupants in a chosen residential area in Hong Kong; factor analysis and multiple regression were carried out on the data. A comparison is also made of the perceived factors of dissatisfaction amongst the public and private housing occupants. It is suggested that a wider systematic coverage of the subject through investigative and diagnostic POE should be carried out in Hong Kong.
series	journal paper
more	http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed	2003/05/15 21:22

_id	caadria2018_103
id	caadria2018_103
authors	Liu, Chang, Zhang, Xu and Nagakura, Takehiko
year	2018
title	PanoFrame: A Lightweight Panoramic Video Editing Tool for Storytelling with Spatial Content
source	T. Fukuda, W. Huang, P. Janssen, K. Crolla, S. Alhadidi (eds.), Learning, Adapting and Prototyping - Proceedings of the 23rd CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 17-19 May 2018, pp. 567-576
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2018.2.567
summary	As low-cost panoramic cameras become prevalent among non-professional consumers, an easy-to-use panoramic video editing tool is required for emerging storytellers. This paper proposes a lightweight online panoramic video editing tool for storytelling and explores a method of interpreting the same spatial content from different perspectives with panoramic videos. We conducted three experiments using different groups of participants to test how people create, understand, and interact with a panoramic video story in the proposed tool. The results reveal that this tool enables storytellers to work collaboratively and create multiple narratives from a panoramic video, and the generated panoramic video narratives are also more attractive to audiences than the raw video. This tool has the potential to be an ever-growing crowdsourcing community with a database of multiple narratives and creates opportunities for designers to record, learn about and present architectural and urban space from multiple perspectives.
keywords	Storytelling; panoramic video; spatial content; multiple perspective narrative; crowdsourcing
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	ecaade2017_067
id	ecaade2017_067
authors	Liu, Chenjun, Wang, Tsung-Hsien, Meagher, Mark and Peng, Chengzhi
year	2017
title	Feather-inspired social media data processing for generating developable surfaces: Prototyping an affective architecture - Prototyping an affective architecture
source	Fioravanti, A, Cursi, S, Elahmar, S, Gargaro, S, Loffreda, G, Novembri, G, Trento, A (eds.), ShoCK! - Sharing Computational Knowledge! - Proceedings of the 35th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy, 20-22 September 2017, pp. 181-190
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2017.1.181
summary	This paper presents the development of an interactive installation intended as a prototype of experimental affective architecture connected with social media data processing. Social moods and emotions are now spread more widely and faster than ever before due to pervasive uses of social media platforms. We explore how data processing of users' expressions and sharing of moods/emotions through social media can become a source of influences on shaping the form and behaviour of interactive architecture. The interactive prototyping method includes (1) a feather-inspired data-to-shape rule system together with the ShapeOp Library for generating strips as developable surfaces, (2) a physical computing platform built with Arduino micro-processor and shape memory alloy springs for actuation, and (3) physical model-making. As a prototype of social media aware affective architecture, an interactive installation design is proposed for a campus space where the actuation of the strip installation is linked to data processing of Twitter messages collated from users on campus. We reflect on the prototyping methodology and the implications of an architecture affected by people's expression of moods/emotions through social media.
keywords	social media data processing; developable surfaces; interactive prototyping; shape memory alloy; elastic morphing; ShapeOp
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	caadria2020_023
id	caadria2020_023
authors	Liu, Chenjun
year	2020
title	Double Loops Parametric Design of Surface Steel Structure Based on Performance and Fabrication
source	D. Holzer, W. Nakapan, A. Globa, I. Koh (eds.), RE: Anthropocene, Design in the Age of Humans - Proceedings of the 25th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 5-6 August 2020, pp. 23-33
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2020.1.023
summary	In intelligent epoch, automatic parameter design systems reduce the requirements of the skills needed to create objects. The creator only needs to select the most perceptual primitive form to automatically generate the data system that iterates to the most efficient solution. In this paper, a method of combining performance driven optimization with parametric design is proposed. The iterative evolution is under the control of performance loop and fabrication loop, which makes all the data provided by parametric design in a practical project available for exploring structural analysis and digital prefabrication. Related to the case of surface steel structure, parametric optimization is not limited to a set of shape types or design problems, it would be based on the generality and built-in characteristics of parametric modelling environment in the most convenient and flexible way. (Rolvink et al. 2010)And the given parameters would be fed back on geometric structure, performance indicators, and design variables, so that designers can easily and effectively coordinate and try different solutions. The system transforms the generated data into machine language so that the process including design, analysis, manufacturing, and construction can maintain the orthogonal persistence of the data.
keywords	parametric design; component prefabrication; curved steel structure; performance driven
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	caadria2009_092
id	caadria2009_092
authors	Liu, Chun-Hung; Chang-Franw Lee
year	2009
title	The Design of a Mobile Navigation System Based on QR Codes for Historic Buildings
source	Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / Yunlin (Taiwan) 22-25 April 2009, pp. 103-112
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2009.103
summary	Due to the rapid development of mobile and compact electronic devices such as PDAs and smart phones, designers and developers now have to consider user mobility and the dynamic context of use in the design of interactive systems. In this study, literatures associated with mobile navigation systems in museums and historic buildings are first reviewed in order to understand the features, advantages, and drawbacks of current mobile navigation technology. The feasibility of applying QR codes in the navigation of historic buildings is then discussed, and the mobile navigation principles mentioned in previous literatures are applied in our proposed system. A number of common problems are encountered in the navigation of local historic buildings or museums. Visitors (1) cannot understand what makes an exhibited item a work of art; (2) do not know where to start or how to get started; (3) feel rushed by guides during the guided tour; and (4) find that the audio guide is not clear enough. Managers of historic buildings or museums are generally concerned about (1) the high cost of constructing a mobile navigation environment; (2) possible damage to devices; and (3) the cost of device maintenance. This study attempts to solve the above issues by constructing an affordable digital navigation environment that enables users to clearly understand each exhibited item and its location.
keywords	Mobile navigation; QR code; historic buildings
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	4e6e
authors	Liu, Clive K. and Eastman, Charles M.
year	1981
title	Object Grammars : Language for the Generation of Masonry Designs
source	20 p. ; ill April, 1981. includes bibliography.
summary	Bricks, one of the oldest manufactured building materials, are used extensively in construction. Usually they are built into wall assemblies. In this paper, the construction of traditional masonry designs are investigated. Object grammars are defined for the recursive generation of the 3 dimensional wall designs. Also, the uses of object grammars are discussed
keywords	shape grammars, objects, synthesis, assemblies, architecture, applications
series	CADline
email
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	c327
authors	Liu, Clive K.
year	1981
title	A Graphic Processor for Computer-Aided Engineering Drawing
source	October, 1981. 7 p
summary	A drafting system whose purpose of is to provide an advanced tool for teaching engineering drawing and as a production tool for designers who regularly produce engineering drawings is described. The graphic processor is part of the system, which incorporates a set of operations that produce and manipulate graphic entities and that require graphic entities as operands. This paper examines the issues of constructing such a processor. Representations are proposed for 2D graphic objects, including points, line segments and segments generated by conic sections; which are predefined data types in the system. The geometric primitive operators take these objects as arguments and produce other graphic objects, and allow users to build up various construction operators and drawings with the same flexibility and generality allowed in, say, descriptive geometry. These operators, which are functions, can be combined as macro expressions that executed by the processor. This environment allows users to define their own macros for various tasks
keywords	CAD, drafting, education, tools
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

_id	8c95
authors	Liu, Clive K.
year	1984
title	Drawings as Models for Design: A Computer Drawing System to Build Models Supporting Design Process through Abstractions
source	Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh
summary	A general design process can be characterized by the sequence of defining various abstract objects used to represent the artifact. For example, designers use various abstractions (dclined as abstrnct objects), such as graphs, polygons, etc., to represent the artifact. As design evolves, these abstract objects will be transformed into a definition (eg. of a building) detailed enough to allow manufacturing and to determine that the result will perform as desired. This thesis is concerned with providing a computer drawing system that could support various abstractions in the design process and allow various representations of the design to be processed and interpreted. A precise drawing contains not only the shape information, but also conveys many topological and geometric relations that its elements must hold to correspond to the arbfact in reality. For many operations during design, one wants these type of relations to be maintained. Other than the drawing being an iconic model, these relations are the semantics of the drawing and, if embedded in the drawing, imbue it with many characteristics of a symbolic model. Current CAD systems have no or limited mechanisms for embedding such relations in a drawing. It is my intent to demonstrate that drawings, especially for shape (both topologV and geometry) information, can be defined as various abstract objects during design process. Therefore, drawings are used as models to represent the artifact. When a model is manipulated, relations defined in the model are maintained.
series	thesis:PhD
last changed	2003/02/12 22:37

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