CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id 0a9c
authors Ozel, Filiz
year 1987
title The Computer Model "BGRAF": A Cognitive Approach to Emergency Egress Simulation
source University of Michigan
summary During the past decade, fire safety researchers have come to the understanding that human factors in fires play an important role in controlling the spread of fire; and in decreasing the number of fire casualties in buildings. With the current developments in computer technology, computer modeling of human behavior in fires emerged as an effective method of research. Such computer modeling techniques offered the advantage of being able to experiment with hypothetical fires in buildings without Note endangering human life. Consequently, a study to develop a computer model that will simulate the emergency egress behavior of people in fires was undertaken. Changes in the information processing capacity of the individual as a result of time pressure and stress was considered as part of the emergency egress decision process. Theories from environmental psychology identified a range of cognitive factors, such as visual access in buildings, architectural differentiation, signage and plan configuration that affect way finding and route selection in buildings. These factors needed to be incorporated into emergency egress models. The model was based on the integrated building data base of the CAD system developed at the University of Michigan, Architecture and Planning Lab., which provided a comprehensive building definition, and allowed both graphic and tabular output. Two actual fire incidences were simulated as part of the validation study. These studies have stressed the importance of the cognitive aspects of the physical environment as a factor in emergency egress. A goal structure that represented the total decision process during fires was incorporated into the model. This structure allowed the inputting and testing of a variety of goal structures by using actions as model blocks. The objectives of the model developed in this study can best be summarized as to study and eventually to predict the route selection and exiting behavior in fires, with the purpose of using such information in making building design and code development decisions, and in suggesting action sequences that will best support the safety of the occupants of a building under different emergency conditions.
series thesis:PhD
email
last changed 2003/02/12 22:37

_id 46c7
id 46c7
authors Ozel, Filiz
year 1992
title Data Modeling Needs of Life Safety Code (LSC) Compliance Applications
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1992.177
source Mission - Method - Madness [ACADIA Conference Proceedings / ISBN 1-880250-01-2] 1992, pp. 177-185
summary One of the most complex code compliance issues originates from the conformance of designs to Life Safety Code (NFPA 101). The development of computer based code compliance checking programs attracted the attention of building researchers and practitioners alike. These studies represent a number of approaches ranging from CAD based procedural approaches to rule based, non graphic ones, but they do not address the interaction of the rule base of such systems with graphic data bases that define the geometry of architectural objects. Automatic extraction of the attributes and the configuration of building systems requires 11 architectural object - graphic entity" data models that allow access and retrieval of the necessary data for code compliance checking. This study aims to specifically focus on the development of such a data model through the use of AutoLISP feature of AutoCAD (Autodesk Inc.) graphic system. This data model is intended to interact with a Life Safety Code rule base created through Level5-Object (Focus Inc.) expert system.

Assuming the availability of a more general building data model, one must define life and fire safety features of a building before any automatic checking can be performed. Object oriented data structures are beginning to be applied to design objects, since they allow the type versatility demanded by design applications. As one generates a functional view of the main data model, the software user must provide domain specific information. A functional view is defined as the process of generating domain specific data structures from a more general purpose data model, such as defining egress routes from wall or room object data structure. Typically in the early design phase of a project, these are related to the emergency egress design features of a building. Certain decisions such as where to provide sprinkler protection or the location of protected egress ways must be made early in the process.

series ACADIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 08:00

_id c2d8
id c2d8
authors Ozel, Filiz
year 1997
title Representing Design Decisions: An Object Oriented Approach
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1997.037
source Design and Representation [ACADIA ‘97 Conference Proceedings / ISBN 1-880250-06-3] Cincinatti, Ohio (USA) 3-5 October 1997, pp. 37-49
summary During the course of a design project numerous design decisions are made, usually with little attention paid to documenting them or keeping track of them. Systematic documentation and representation of design decisions can not only be invaluable in learning from past design experiences, but can also be good tools in teaching architectural design. By using abstraction and analogy to analyze a design precedent, a problem/sub-problem hierarchy can be built where similarities and differences between the precedent problem and the target problem, goals, constraints and solutions are identified for each level of the hierarchy. Each one of these can be represented as objects in an object oriented programming environment, allowing the construction of a hierarchic structure. This model was incorporated into a computer assisted learning system called "DesignRep" which was created by using Toolbook (Asymetrix Co.) object oriented development environment.
series ACADIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 08:00

_id 6645
authors Ozel, Filiz
year 2000
title Architectural Knowledge and Database Management Systems
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2000.135
source Promise and Reality: State of the Art versus State of Practice in Computing for the Design and Planning Process [18th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-6-5] Weimar (Germany) 22-24 June 2000, pp. 135-138
summary Although the theory and practice of using database management systems in managing information has been a well recognized area of research in other disciplines such as business, urban planning, and engineering, architectural researchers have only occasionally explored the implications of these tools in structuring architectural knowledge. Among these are studies that look at facilities management aspects of databases as well as project management aspects mostly focusing on document management issues 6 . While visual databases have been the focus of other work, the term "database" has been used in architectural research sometimes to indicate any set of underlying data and at other times to indicate an actual relational database management system. Inconsistent use of terminology has led to difficulties in developing established theory regarding the use and development of database management systems for architectural problems. While such systems can be very powerful in structuring design knowledge, in architectural education the only place where their potential has been recognized is in the digitizing of slide libraries with the intention to make them accessible through electronic retrieval and viewing systems, which has mostly been seen within the purview of slide librarians with little interest from the faculty.
series eCAADe
email
more http://www.uni-weimar.de/ecaade/
last changed 2022/06/07 08:00

_id ecaade2007_042
id ecaade2007_042
authors Ozel, Filiz
year 2007
title Pattern Language and Embedded Knowledge in Building Information Modeling
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.457
source Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 457-464
summary When Christopher Alexander (1977), trained both as a mathematician and an architect, published his seminal work “The Pattern Language” in the 1970’s and introduced the concept of “pattern language”, computers were still in their infancy, CAD did not exist as we know it today, and computer information modeling was not even in the radar screen of researchers. Design communication simply meant manual drafting. With the concept of ‘pattern language” (http://www.patternlanguage.com/), Alexander proposed a systematic method for dealing with complexity, which proved itself to be more relevant than ever in the digital age. The concept is often cited by computer scientists as a precursor to object oriented modeling. This study explores the potential of “pattern language” for structuring building information and design knowledge within the framework of the recent developments in building information modeling (BIM). In this article, comparisons to the approach taken by the software engineering industry who embraced the idea of “patterns” as a systematic way to software development are also made. While Alexander’s pattern language proposes a method with which the designer can incorporate his/her experiences and design vision systematically into the process of designing, software industry’s approach to patterns describes a method for providing problem and solution patterns (i.e. prototypes) that can be used repeatedly during software development. There is obviously a significant difference between the original intent of the “pattern language” and the way it was later used in other fields including software engineering and business solutions. At the cross section of architectural design and software engineering, Building Information Modeling (BIM) software can benefit from carefully incorporating a combination of these two approaches into its structure as patterns.
keywords Building information modeling, Christopher Alexander, pattern language, software development
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 08:00

_id ijac20031208
id ijac20031208
authors Ozel, Filiz; Pahle, Robert; Juyal, Manu
year 2003
title An XML Framework for Simulation and Analysis of Buildings
source International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 1 - no. 2
summary This study focuses on the problem of how to structure spatial and component based building data with the intention to use it in the simulation and analysis of the performance of buildings. Special attention was paid to the interoperability and optimization of the resulting data files.The study builds its investigation onto XML (Extensible Markup Language) data modeling framework.The authors have studied different ways of arranging building information in XML format for effective data storage and have developed a data modeling framework called bmXML for buildings. Initial results are two-fold: a VBA application was developed to create the appropriate building model in AutoCAD with the intention to write building data in bmXML format, and a JAVA application to view the file thus created.This paper primarily focuses on the former, i.e. the AutoCAD application and the bmXML format.
series journal
more http://www.multi-science.co.uk/ijac.htm
last changed 2007/03/04 07:08

_id acadia14_399
id acadia14_399
authors Ozel, Guvenc
year 2014
title Case For an Architectural Singularity: Synchronization of Robotically Actuated Motion, Sense-Based Interaction and Computational Interface
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.399
source ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9781926724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp. 399-408
summary By fusing sensing technology, robotics and coding in unison with architectural form designed to move and reconfigure itself, a new kind of architecture that goes through a formal transformation in interaction with the user can be imagined and devised. Aiming to merge human presence with space through technology, this new architecture defines space as an extension of the human body and consciousness rather than one that regulates and controls it.
keywords Sensing technology, robotics, consciousness
series ACADIA
type Normal Paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 08:00

_id 2e50
authors Ozersay, Fevzi and Szalapaj, Peter
year 1999
title Theorising a Sustainable Computer Aided Architectural Education Model
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1999.186
source Architectural Computing from Turing to 2000 [eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9523687-5-7] Liverpool (UK) 15-17 September 1999, pp. 186-195
summary The dogmatic structure of architectural education has meant that the production and application of new educational theories, leading to educational models that use computer technology as their central medium of education, is still a relatively under-explored area. Partial models cannot deliver the expected bigger steps, but only bits and pieces. Curricula developments, at many schools of architecture, have been carried out within the closed circuit manner of architectural education, through expanding the traditional curricula and integrating computers into them. There is still no agreed curriculum in schools of architecture, which defines, at least conceptually, the use of computers within it. Do we really know what we are doing? In the words of Aart Bijl; 'If I want to know what I am doing, I need a separate description of my doing it, a theory' [Bijl, 1989]. The word 'sustainability' is defined as understanding the past and responding to the present with concern for the future. Applying this definition to architectural education, this paper aims to outline the necessity and the principles for the construction of a theory of a sustainable computer aided architectural education model, which could lead to an architectural education that is lasting.
keywords Architectural Education, Educational Theories, Computers, Sustainable Models
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 08:00

_id ascaad2023_094
id ascaad2023_094
authors Ozgun, Feyza; Alaçam, Sema
year 2023
title Visual Approaches on Spatial Thinking: User Interface Metaphors
source C+++: Computation, Culture, and Context – Proceedings of the 11th International Conference of the Arab Society for Computation in Architecture, Art and Design (ASCAAD), University of Petra, Amman, Jordan [Hybrid Conference] 7-9 November 2023, pp. 936-949.
summary This study explores the link between the development of spatial ideas and the use of the user interface in the digital tools that support it, aiming to follow both mental and digital navigation in the design process. Spatial metaphors at the focus of this exploration were evaluated through spatial interface functions, which provide designers with the ability to manipulate objects and their environments in a 3D environment. In the empirical case study conducted with 4 designers, two different scenarios were used using the same materials. Different approaches to the visual expression of spatial metaphors were compared over these two scenarios. In the first scenario with two participants, the participants perform the tasks through sketches and diagrams. In the other scenario, participants complete the same tasks during the 3D modelling process. These outputs, which are a visual manifestation of the designer's spatial thinking, are expected to provide insight into spatial and UI metaphors.
series ASCAAD
email
last changed 2024/02/13 14:41

_id ecaade2021_022
id ecaade2021_022
authors Ozkan, Dilan, Dade-Robertson, Martyn, Morrow, Ruth and Zhang, Meng
year 2021
title Designing a Living Material Through Bio-Digital-Fabrication - Guiding the growth of fungi through a robotic system
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2021.1.077
source Stojakovic, V and Tepavcevic, B (eds.), Towards a new, configurable architecture - Proceedings of the 39th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia, 8-10 September 2021, pp. 77-84
summary Designing with living materials require designers to look for new methods of fabrication since living cells exhibit their own agency, and are able to sense and respond to environmental stimuli. Therefore, there is an urgent demand to design a framework for fabricating living materials. This paper investigates the digital-fabrication of fungi as a new way of designing and crafting living materials without genetic manipulation. In this research, fungi act as a bio-material probe to generate and test new design strategies that enable a dialogue between digital and biological systems. Conceptual experiments, that use fungi to investigate the proposed bio-digital-fabrication scenarios, are central in this study. The research attempts to generate new information for the design process of an organism in the field of architecture. The project will expand on the latest thinking on the bio-material fabrication by allowing the living material to be engaged in the fabrication process.
keywords Bio-digital-fabrication; Biological interactions; Self-organizing material systems; Robotic growth chamber
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 08:00

_id 2004_012
id 2004_012
authors O’ Coill, Carl and Doughty, Mark
year 2004
title Computer Game Technology as a Tool for Participatory Design
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2004.012
source Architecture in the Network Society [22nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-2-4] Copenhagen (Denmark) 15-18 September 2004, pp. 12-23
summary This paper reviews existing research into real-time visualization in architecture, urban design and landscape architecture and describes a University of Lincoln project exploring the application of this technology to participatory design. Staff at the School of Architecture have used 'Virtools Development', a computer game prototyping package, to help residents in Hull, UK, to visualize and interact with a design proposal for a 'home zone' in their neighbourhood, arrived at as part of a wider participatory process. This paper evaluates computer game technology in relation to more conventional participatory tools. It is difficult to justify using the technology to create simple 'walk-through' simulations of design proposals, it argues. In such cases, the benefits real-time visualization offers over non-interactive video are largely outweighed by the technical difficulties involved in the production and use of real-time environments.
keywords Computer Games; Real-Time Visualization; Landscape Architecture; Public Participation
series eCAADe
last changed 2022/06/07 08:00

_id acadia09_259
id acadia09_259
authors O’Brien, William
year 2009
title Approaching Irreducible Formations
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2009.259
source ACADIA 09: reForm( ) - Building a Better Tomorrow [Proceedings of the 29th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-9842705-0-7] Chicago (Illinois) 22-25 October, 2009), pp. 259-263
summary This essay codifies and extends contemporary conceptions of systemic organization using architectural case studies within the context of 1950’s space-time. Given the dominance of certain concerns within the profession of architecture during that time—prefabrication and strict modularity—the selected case studies reveal unprecedented characteristics which anticipate current developments in algorithmic and parametric formation. The projects in question demonstrate sophisticated strategies for differentiated part-to-whole relationships which predate contemporary organizational systems, now derived with the aid of digital computation. Their importance to current architectural discourse lies in distinguishing the manner in which they manifest notions of space-time, including transformation, continuity and modulation, as architects increasingly operate within dexterous and interconnected environments.
keywords Geometry, critique, history
series ACADIA
type Short paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 08:00

_id eaea2015_t2_paper10
id eaea2015_t2_paper10
authors O’Bryan, Mark
year 2015
title Contexting our Perceptions of the Past: Transformations of Making
source ENVISIONING ARCHITECTURE: IMAGE, PERCEPTION AND COMMUNICATION OF HERITAGE [ISBN 978-83-7283-681-6],Lodz University of Technology, 23-26 September 2015, pp.219-231
summary At times, there is a struggle for an emotional connection and meaning in our cultural age as we transition into the era of the digital space. The virtual and digital realms, have seduced our formal sensibilities, yet, there is commodity of style and design that exists. The Love Hotel is a conceptual design strategy to rekindle the flames of an architectural past coupled with a contemporary position of space. Is it modern? Is it historic?
keywords architectural models; hand sketching; hybrid models
series EAEA
email
last changed 2016/04/22 11:52

_id 6eaa
authors O’Connell, Dermot
year 1983
title An Educational Strategy for CAAD and its Implementation in a New System with a Sophisticated Interface
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1983.x.i0c
source Proceedings of the International Conference eCAADe [European Computer Aided Architectural Design Education] Brussels (Belgium) 1983, pp. I.1-I.19
summary Reasons are examined for the slower uptake of CAD in architecture than in engineering. An appropriate response to Computer-Aided Architectural Design is overdue from the educational sector. Schools of Architecture should put CAAD to the forefront in their plans, taking an ambitious long-term view and aiming for high-quality system design to anticipate the industry's drive to produce first-class equipment progressively more cheaply. Schools should press for changes in the way facilities are supplied to them. They should discard obsolete software, buy software commercially, stick to what they can do best, and plan for concomitant changes across the curriculum. A new CAAD system with the emphasis on the design interface being implemented in UCD School of Architecture is briefly described.
keywords CAAD, System Design
series eCAADe
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id cd2e
authors O’Reilly, T.
year 1999
title Hardware, Software and Infoware
source Di Bona, C., Ockman, S. Stone, M.: Open Sources. Voices from the Open Source Revolution, First Edition, Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Publishers
summary I was talking with some friends recently, friends who don't own a computer. They were thinking of getting one so they could use Amazon.com to buy books and CDs. Not to use ``the Internet,'' not to use ``the Web,'' but to use Amazon.com. Now, that's the classic definition of a ``killer application'': one that makes someone go out and buy a computer. What's interesting is that the killer application is no longer a desktop productivity application or even a back-office enterprise software system, but an individual web site. And once you start thinking of web sites as applications, you soon come to realize that they represent an entirely new breed, something you might call an ``information application,'' or perhaps even ``infoware.'' Information applications are used to computerize tasks that just couldn't be handled in the old computing model. A few years ago, if you wanted to search a database of a million books, you talked to a librarian, who knew the arcane search syntax of the available computerized search tools and might be able to find what you wanted. If you wanted to buy a book, you went to a bookstore, and looked through its relatively small selection. Now, tens of thousands of people with no specialized training find and buy books online from that million-record database every day. The secret is that computers have come one step closer to the way that people communicate with each other. Web-based applications use plain English to build their interface -- words and pictures, not specialized little controls that acquire meaning only as you learn the software. Traditional software embeds small amounts of information in a lot of software; infoware embeds small amounts of software in a lot of information. The ``actions'' in an infoware product are generally fairly simple: make a choice, buy or sell, enter a small amount of data, and get back a customized result.
series other
last changed 2003/04/23 15:50

_id ddss2006-hb-359
id DDSS2006-HB-359
authors P.P. van Loon and E. Wilms
year 2006
title An Urban Decision Room Based on Mathematical Optimisation - A pilot study supporting complex urban decision questions
source Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Innovations in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Springer, ISBN-10: 1-4020-5059-3, ISBN-13: 978-1-4020-5059-6, p. 359-374
summary In general the Urban Decision Room is an interactive computer system based around a digital model for the simulation of complex urban decision questions. Such questions involve various parties with often differing interests. The UDR can assist in finding collective solutions. The UDR is a useful instrument for making the great variety in interests and ideas of the participants manageable. Furthermore, insight is quickly and clearly provided into the results. This enhances the efficiency and effectiveness of processes of urban development. A pilot of the Urban Decision Room based on mathematical optimisation has been made for Schieoevers, an industrial area on the bank of the river Schie to the south of Delft. This pilot is based on a feasibility study for a new urban development in this area which has been carried out by a consultancy firm (Adecs BV) under commission from the municipality of Delft.
keywords Decision support system, Urban planning, Design optimisation
series DDSS
last changed 2006/08/29 12:55

_id 0aa0
authors P_onecki, L., Trampczynski, W. and Cendrowicz, J.
year 1998
title A concept of digital control system to assist the operator of hydraulic excavators
source Automation in Construction 7 (5) (1998) pp. 401-411
summary A concept of digital control system to assist the operators of hydraulic excavators is presented and discussed. Then, control system based on described ideas was mounted on a special numerically controlled stand, equipped with D/A and A/D converters, where small hydraulic backhoe excavator K-111 fixtures were used. Experimental results shows that it fulfils all described requirements and can be used as the machine operator assist. It enables for precision tool guidance, automatic repetition of realized movements, realization of specific tool trajectories (including energetically optimal paths) and automatic improvement or optimization of realized paths. Tool trajectories can also be prescribed using the setting model, making excavator the machine of teleoperator class. Presented system can be used as a basis for real machine control system.
series journal paper
more http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed 2003/05/15 21:23

_id 4f56
authors Paasi, Jyrki
year 1986
title Architectural Space Synthesizer - The last link of a CAAD system
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1986.217
source ACADIA Workshop ‘86 Proceedings - Houston (Texas - USA) 24-26 October 1986, pp. 217-223
summary Computer technology and CAD are about to change radically the thousands of years of tradition of the architect's work. We are leaving behind the old method of drawing by hand, replacing the pencil with a stylus for pointing elements of mathematical models of projects. We are changing over from two dimensional to three dimensional design. Decisive for the architect to achieve a successful outcome has always been and will always be the visualisation of the project right from its early stages. There is a trend -in our time and a risk in the. new technology of fragmenting our work and making it more abstract. The new technology is based on the old one and in the beginning its user still has the habits of the old. Therefore the visualisation in present CAD systems and three dimensional design is based on the old plane projections; axonometrics and perspectives. However, there is an essentially better way which happens also to be natural to the new technology and simple to realize using it. This is the spherical projection.
series ACADIA
last changed 2022/06/07 07:58

_id 6075
authors Paasi, Jyrki
year 1986
title The space synthesizer of Helsinki University of Technology
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1986.253
source Teaching and Research Experience with CAAD [4th eCAADe Conference Proceedings] Rome (Italy) 11-13 September 1986, pp. 253-257
summary Computer technology and CAD are about to change radically the thousands of years of tradition of the architect's work. We are leaving behind the old method of drawing by hand, replacing the pencil with a stylus for pointing elements of mathematical models of projects. We are changing over from two dimensional to three dimensional design. Decisive for the architect to achieve a successful outcome has always been and will always be the visualisation of the project right from its early stages. There is a trend in our time and a risk in the new technology of fragmenting our work and making it more abstract. The new technology is based on the old one and in the beginning its user still has the habits of the old. Therefore the visualisation in present CAD systems and three dimensional design is based on the old plan projections; axonometrics and perspectives. However, there is an essentially better way which happens also to be natural to the new technology and simple to realize using it. This is the spherical projection.

series eCAADe
last changed 2022/06/07 07:58

_id sigradi2023_22
id sigradi2023_22
authors Pacheco, Luis
year 2023
title BIRT: An Open-Source Integration Toolkit for Architectural Robotics
source García Amen, F, Goni Fitipaldo, A L and Armagno Gentile, Á (eds.), Accelerated Landscapes - Proceedings of the XXVII International Conference of the Ibero-American Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2023), Punta del Este, Maldonado, Uruguay, 29 November - 1 December 2023, pp. 19–29
summary The growing role of robotic systems in various fields, including architecture calls for a more accessible and adaptable control solutions. This paper introduces the Blender Interactive Robot Control Tool (BIRT), an open-source toolkit designed to simplify hardware integration, motion control, tool pathing, and interfacing with robotic arms using an Internet of Things (IoT) approach. BIRT combines the precision of offline programming with the adaptability inherent in online programming. It comprises a Blender interface, a Python communication abstraction layer, and an IoT hardware integration interface. This toolkit seeks to simplify the integration of sensors and actuators, offer an interactive approach to tool pathing, explore non-traditional approaches to robot control, and enhance affordability. Three separate yet interconnected tools are developed and tested as part of BIRT, each dealing with a different aspect of the system. This research contributes to the field of architectural robotics by proposing a solution to make robotics more accessible and adaptable to varying operational demands.
keywords Interactive, robotics, real-time, blender3d, fabrication
series SIGraDi
email
last changed 2024/03/08 14:06

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