CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id sigradi2006_e034d
id sigradi2006_e034d
authors Ryan, Rachel and Donn, Michael
year 2006
title A 3D, interactive, multilayered, web-enabled model as a tool for multiple sets of end user groups: A case study and end user analysis
source SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 392-396
summary This research undertakes a case study involving focus groups of potential end users, to identify how a successful digital tool could be created using new and emerging technologies, to accommodate the multiple needs of these end users. 2005 saw the completion of a research paper, which proposed that a single, 3 dimensional digital model of a city forming a core for many different information systems, is a better approach to the needs of the city than many individual models optimised for each information system. The case for the single 3D model was evaluated through the research, development, delivery and analysis of a prototype 3 Dimensional model of Wellington City, New Zealand, presenting different ‘views’ of information in Wellington: a rendered visualisation in an animated “walkthrough”; the impact of planning constraints on daylight; interactive “plots” of property values. The development and delivery of the prototype model was analysed in regards to how complex, costly and time consuming it may be to exploit one base model for several purposes; and also therefore how beneficial, affordable and potentially successful a single model may be. The prototype model was created to test the idea, and therefore provided conclusions based on a limited feasibility analysis - with four potential information layers modelled and two potential delivery methods tested. The prototype model and user analysis results were presented in a research report that suggested further research and development of a single model could be very beneficial: Positive feedback from potential end users and data providers, and examples of potential data mining opportunities forming the basis of the need for continued research. 2006 sees the research continue as an 18 month research project in conjunction with an industry partner, Terralink International, (http://www.terralink.co.nz/). Terralink International Limited provides GIS and mapping solutions which according to their web site: “enable better business management.” The company maintains a national resource of “imagery, cartography, and spatial databases” and provides consultancy services linking these to company databases through GIS systems. The research investigates the potential for 3 dimensional, interactive, multilayered models to enhance delivery of information to multiple end user groups. The research method uses functional prototypes in end-user focus group workshops. These workshops, consisting of a combination of presentations, hands on interactive examples, group discussions, and individual feedback surveys, aim to establish how a tool might best be developed to communicate to a wide range of end users. The means of delivery whether a stand alone tool or web-based is a key element of the user group workshop assessment process. Note: The submission of the prototype tool (via video or interactive media) would greatly increase the effectiveness of the research presentation. Ability to include such media would be greatly appreciated.
keywords multilayered; 3D; end users; interactive; web-enabled
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:59

_id acadia23_v3_233
id acadia23_v3_233
authors Sabin, Jenny ; Bogosian, Biayna; Poole, Sabina; Escalante, Cesar; Kron, Zach
year 2023
title Inaugural Autodesk ACADIA BIPOC Student Scholarship and Workshop
source ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 3: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference for the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9891764-1-0]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 24-32.
summary People of Color (BIPOC) at ACADIA conferences and within our broader community. Together, we aim to pave the way for aspiring BIPOC computational designers, creating a vibrant pathway to success. Several years ago, ACADIA partnered with the National Organization of Minority Architects (NOMA) to create engagement opportunities for the communities. Thanks to the efforts of past Presidents Jason Kelly Johnson, Kathy Velikov, and Jenny Sabin, current President Shelby Doyle, ACADIA Board members June Grant and Biayna Bogosian, the ACADIA Diversity Committee, and generous support from Autodesk, ACADIA and Autodesk have supported grants for NOMA students and professionals to attend the annual ACADIA conference and workshops.
series ACADIA
email
last changed 2024/04/17 14:00

_id ecaade2020_203
id ecaade2020_203
authors Safin, Stéphane and Dorta, Tomás
year 2020
title Unfolding Laypersons Creativity Through Social VR - A case study
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2020.1.355
source Werner, L and Koering, D (eds.), Anthropologic: Architecture and Fabrication in the cognitive age - Proceedings of the 38th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 16-18 September 2020, pp. 355-364
summary Involving laypersons in collaborative design projects faces the challenge of having an adapted representational ecosystem. There is a lack of adequate representational tools for multidisciplinary actors to graphically and physically vizualize and externalize their ideas. Using VR is a promising way of renewing participatory design, but settings with VR raise the difficulty to express ideas on the model, and to support collaboration since using VR headsets eventually hinder design communication between participants wearing them. In this paper we present the a case study of one workshop involving non-designers as participants, based on collective 3D sketches using a Social VR system (without headsets), in which several users simultaneously and immersively sketch using handheld tablets, operating a 3D model as contextual background. The workshop was supported by a representational ecosystem containing: (1) Traditional freehand sketching on paper and working with pre-cut physical components used as boundary objects to represent a scaled model; and (2) immersive 3D model allowing collective life-sized visualization, 3D sketching and interaction. The paper describers the case study and provide insights about layperson's collaborative design.
keywords Social VR; Representational ecosystem; Laypersons participation; Co-design
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:56

_id 026a
authors Saggio, Antonino
year 1989
title Extrusion, Assemblage, Joint and Connection in the Workshop for Gas Production by Giuseppe Terragni
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1989.x.g7l
source CAAD: Education - Research and Practice [eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 87-982875-2-4] Aarhus (Denmark) 21-23 September 1989, pp. 9.16.1-9.16.9
summary Turning over the catalogues' pages of the first show of rational architecture, the strongly contrasting pictures of the model presented by Terragni remain impressive. The project for a "Workshop for Gas Production", designed by the 23 year old architect from Como, reveals the presence of an early talent and the originality of his research. Although inspired by the contemporary European architecture, the work of Terragni does not attempt to academically repeat former precedents. Although Terragni's project and many among the other exhibited works share an analogy of forms, the syntax of the Como architect appears more mature and complex. This essay and the accompanying original drawings are dedicated to the de-constructivist nature of the design operations as well as to the clarification of the messages embodied in the specific program.

keywords Terragni, Italian Rationalist Architecture, Interactive Lesson
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id ecaade2012_013
id ecaade2012_013
authors Salim, Flora ; Moya, Rafael
year 2012
title Parallel Analysis of Urban Aerodynamic Phenomena Using High and Low-Tech Tools
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2012.1.621
source Achten, Henri; Pavlicek, Jiri; Hulin, Jaroslav; Matejovska, Dana (eds.), Digital Physicality - Proceedings of the 30th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1 / ISBN 978-9-4912070-2-0, Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Architecture (Czech Republic) 12-14 September 2012, pp. 621-629.
summary The study of wind conditions in cities is a significant factor in urban design in order to deal with issues related with pollution, wind pressures on buildings, and comfort on public spaces. This paper presents some results of a four-day workshop where some of the different techniques for simulating and visualising aerodynamic phenomena were explored. These technologies, classified as high-tech and low-tech tools, were used to investigate urban aerodynamic phenomena through parallel experiments, analysis, and eye observations. The experiments demonstrated that getting live feedbacks while interacting with the simulated aerodynamic phenomena is essential to improve the observers’ general comprehension of the phenomena. Our proposed method for studying aerodynamic phenomena, which integrates both low-tech and high-tech tools, facilitates designers to explore multiple options and configurations in the early stage of a design process.
wos WOS:000330322400065
keywords Urban aerodynamic; wind tunnel; Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD); wind simulation; urban design
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:56

_id sigradi2011_140
id sigradi2011_140
authors Sanchez Cavazos, Maria E.; Sifuentes Solis, Marco A.
year 2011
title Percepción y Manipulación del Espacio en Proyectos Arquitectónicos dentro de una Sociedad Compleja [Perception and Manipulation of the Space in Architectonic Projects within a Complex Society]
source SIGraDi 2011 [Proceedings of the 15th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Argentina - Santa Fe 16-18 November 2011, pp. 223-226
summary This research consisted on determining, analyzing and evaluating the factors that impact the ability to perceive and manipulate the architectonic space with the use of digital tools for Architectonic Design Workshop students at the U.A.A. The purpose of the research was to validate the model (MUHDyA) (CP+CM) (Sánchez, 2010), which presents a proposal about the use of digital and analogical tools in the acquisition of perceptive and manipulative skills (specific architectonic skill indicated by Tuning Latin America); considering that, the formation by skills is the answer of the architecture schools towards a complex society. Palabras calve
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:59

_id sigradi2016_498
id sigradi2016_498
authors Santos, Gabriela Bonifacio dos; Raposo, Marinah; Matta, Roberto Da; Cavalcanti, Caio
year 2016
title Tecnologia no Desenvolvimento da Arte Interativa [Technology in the Development of Interactive Art]
source SIGraDi 2016 [Proceedings of the 20th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-956-7051-86-1] Argentina, Buenos Aires 9 - 11 November 2016, pp.326-330
summary This article is the result of a project that has been developed in ten days during an academic workshop. The goal was to overcome the force of gravity by producing an environment sensitive to human actions. The action indicated to the group, “soil peeling”, was conceptually idealized by creating an atmosphere that had the ability to subvert the force of gravity. The premise of the project was to support a critical attitude towards anthropocentric movement by emphasizing the individualistic character inherent to contemporary human being. This attitude has been represented by reversing the forces hierarchy. The power to control gravity was then assigned to the agent and, while they were in touch with the installation, they would have full control over a natural phenomenon and could handle it in their favor.
keywords Parametric design; Digital manufacturing; Responsive environment; Rapid prototyping; Anthropocene
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2021/03/28 19:59

_id ecaade2013r_016
id ecaade2013r_016
authors Sarnecky, William G.
year 2013
title Gulf materials traditions semantically reconsidered. A case study of three digital approaches in furniture design and fabrication
source FUTURE TRADITIONS [1st eCAADe Regional International Workshop Proceedings / ISBN 978-989-8527-03-5], University of Porto, Faculty of Architecture (Portugal), 4-5 April 2013, pp. 193-204
summary Oil-driven development and globalization in the Middle-Eastern Gulf Region in the 1970s induced a rupture in an already attenuated indigenous crafts and material culture. Simultaneously, it brought an influx of people from around the Middle East and beyond—creating a pan-Arabic cultural melting pot. The introduction of digital fabrication equipment at one university in the UAE has provided the opportunity to reconsider the region’s material traditions. Through a required furniture design course, and more recently an elective entitled Form, Furniture and Graphics, architecture, interior design and graphic design students have begun to grapple with the intersection of a critical design process and the needs of particular local cultural conditions. Students have utilized one (or more) of the following approaches to semantically and digitally reconsider Gulf material traditions: pattern paneling, text-based manipulations, morphing of historical typologies.
keywords Furniture; Digital; Fabrication; Paneling; Semantic
email
last changed 2013/10/07 19:08

_id 3db7
authors Savid, M., Tosco, G. and Lafranconi, M.
year 2001
title CENTRO DE ARTES Y ESPECTÁCULOS DE VANGUARDIA (Center of Arts and Cutting Edge Spectacles)
source SIGraDi biobio2001 - [Proceedings of the 5th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics / ISBN 956-7813-12-4] Concepcion (Chile) 21-23 november 2001, pp. 243-245
summary The proposed topic was the realisation of a “Centre of Arts and Shows of Vanguard”, for a city of regional culture. This centre is an institution destinated to give a service that is born as an answer to social necessities, in which the art, the shows and the information are the main characters. Our proposal has as objectives: · To use and to promote the electronic and computer means as tool for the cultural production and to allow their later sample. · To re value the culture promoted by the mean’s artists. · To introduce the architecture in the digital environment, “Cultural Mediatic Workshop.” The computer science and the technological instruments employment as tool, already very used by a growing number of artists at international level, mark an important evolution in the panorama of the art and the contemporary graphic representation.
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:59

_id ecaade2008_018
id ecaade2008_018
authors Schindler, Christoph
year 2008
title ZipShape
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2008.775
source Architecture in Computro [26th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-7-2] Antwerpen (Belgium) 17-20 September 2008, pp. 775-782
summary ZipShape is a universal method to fabricate single curved panels from any plain material without molds. The system uses two individually slotted panels that interlock when bent to the predefined curvature. As non-radial curves require individual teeth geometry, the method makes use of automated detailing with corresponding algorithms. ZipShape is a fusion of information processing and material processing based on comparatively simple software technology and standard workshop machinery. With help of case studies, this paper evaluates the method’s claim to be a variable and feasible solution for the realization of non-planar shape.
keywords ZipShape, Digital fabrication, Cold wood bending
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:56

_id ecaade2007_068
id ecaade2007_068
authors Schindler, Christoph; Châtelet, Maud; Wiskemann, Barbara; Zieta, Oskar
year 2007
title Umbrella Schoolyard Roofs in Zurich
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.035
source Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 35-42
summary The paper discusses a 1:1 student workshop on digital sheet metal fabrication organized in collaboration between ETH Zurich and the City of Zurich in 2005 and 2006. During the workshop a structure of fifteen sheet metal schoolyard roofs was designed, produced, and constructed by the participating students. The workshop was set up to explore how current academic topics such as CAD/CAM, digital fabrication with minimal tolerance, and design optimization with genetic algorithms could be incorporated in a permanent structure with legal building standards and a professional construction sequence.
keywords Teaching seminar workshop 1:1, digital sheet metal fabrication, pavilion roof structure, genetic algorithms
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:56

_id ecaade2013_041
id ecaade2013_041
authors Schindler, Christoph; Tamke, Martin; Tabatabai, Ali and Bereuter, Martin
year 2013
title Serial Branches
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2013.1.605
source Stouffs, Rudi and Sariyildiz, Sevil (eds.), Computation and Performance – Proceedings of the 31st eCAADe Conference – Volume 1, Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, 18-20 September 2013, pp. 605-613
summary The question whether contemporary information technology with its potential for individual fabrication allows for a new approach to the uniqueness that is offered to us by nature was discussed within a 8-day workshop. 19 students of KADK explored the performative potential of naturally angled and forked wood – a desired material until 19th century, but swept away by industrialization and its standardization of processes and materials.
wos WOS:000340635300063
keywords Wood construction; material performance; shape recognition; furniture; digital fabrication and construction.
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:57

_id ecaaderis2023_51
id ecaaderis2023_51
authors Sepúlveda, Abel
year 2023
title Closing the Gap Between Research and Practice for Sustainable Urban Densification: Experiences and Findings from the RIS2023 Workshop
source De Luca, F, Lykouras, I and Wurzer, G (eds.), Proceedings of the 9th eCAADe Regional International Symposium, TalTech, 15 - 16 June 2023, pp. 177–182
summary More than the half of world population live in urban areas, and there will be an important need to densify cities. Urban densification will lead to cities with higher level of obstruction due to new surrounding buildings compromising daylight, energy consumption, view out, solar access among others sustainability aspects, which are often in conflict during renovation and early design stages of urban areas. There are novel fast design workflows based on prediction formulas that do not rely on the traditional and time-consuming approach based on daylight/thermal modelling-simulation. The main aim of this 7-hours workshop celebrated within the RIS23 international conference is to teach young designers how to use a novel urban densification method based on prediction formulas implemented as Grasshopper plug-ins in Rhinoceros. This paper describes the motivations of this workshop, a brief explanation of the design workflow taught and the different densification strategies proposed by each participant, highlighting their pros and cons as well as feedback of the design workflow itself.
keywords Education, Workshop, Future Cities, Human Comfort, Daylight, Building Massing, Urban Planning
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2024/02/05 14:28

_id ddssup0217
id ddssup0217
authors Shen, Z., Kawakami, M. and Kishimoto, K.
year 2002
title Study on the Development of an On-line Design Collaboration System for Public Participation - A Case Study of Public Park Planning and Design
source Timmermans, Harry (Ed.), Sixth Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning - Part two: Urban Planning Proceedings Avegoor, the Netherlands), 2002
summary As a result of reviewing existing research in the field of public participation, an on-line collaborative design system can be broken down into the following four sub-systems : the planning objectives system, the discussion system,the proposals system and the design game system. Using these systems, participants can exchange their ideas and concepts, experience the present situation and give their opinions on an interactive web site. Furthermore, in the design game system, the participants can design their park plan according to their preferences and save their design to a server database. Other participants can then access the database to review another participant’s design for purposes of comparing and getting consensus. In order to evaluate our demonstration system, we carried out anexperiment using the design game in Yamanoue community where a park project was scheduled by the local government of the area. Through the participation of the residents and university students, we were able to analyze the design process of the park design workshop in an Internet environment. In particular we were able to examine the exchanging of participates’ ideas, the process they all used in creating VRML worlds of their park design and the effectiveness of VRML for plan presentation.
series DDSS
last changed 2003/08/07 16:36

_id ecaaderis2023_52
id ecaaderis2023_52
authors Siani, Rossella
year 2023
title Algorithm Morphogenesis by Solar Parameters and Model Fabrication of a Temporary Architecture: Workshop Educational Experience
source De Luca, F, Lykouras, I and Wurzer, G (eds.), Proceedings of the 9th eCAADe Regional International Symposium, TalTech, 15 - 16 June 2023, pp. 183–188
summary The study reports on the results of a one-day workshop held during the RIS23 conference. The proposed exercise concerns the design and construction process of a temporary architecture optimized on solar parameters for the climatic adaptation of urbanized and natural open spaces. The morphogenesis is obtained on the data of solar vectors in relation to climatic comfort and the shadow optimization. Rhino / Grasshopper / Ladybug are the adopted software. The process results in 1/30 scale cardboard models customized on the climatic data of three locations. Shade analysis of the models by Heliodon concludes the workshop.
keywords Workshop, Climate Change, Temporary Architecture, Algorithmic Design, Shadow Analysis, Heliodon.
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2024/02/05 14:28

_id ecaade2013r_015
id ecaade2013r_015
authors Sjarifudin, Firza U.
year 2013
title Kinetic decorative ornaments using parametric camshaft mechanism for adaptive building skin
source FUTURE TRADITIONS [1st eCAADe Regional International Workshop Proceedings / ISBN 978-989-8527-03-5], University of Porto, Faculty of Architecture (Portugal), 4-5 April 2013, pp. 183-192
summary In most of Indonesian traditional architecture, are seen using decorative ornaments on its building skin. Nowadays those traditional decorative ornaments are no longer used because it is considered old-fashioned and have no technical function that does not match the design of modern buildings, so the traditional characteristics and locality of the building is lost. This paper offers a development of the building skin that aims to revive a new expression of traditional decorative elements by applying digital technology as well as having an adaptive function. Most of the adaptive building skin uses kinetic techniques in order to make its formation transformable. This paper proposes a camshaft mechanism system to transform the pattern of traditional ornament that uses pre-programmed analysis data of environmental changes to parametrically drive the number of rotation phase and length of nose (Lobe Lift) that generates the shape of camshaft. Furthermore, this shapes drives the transformation of the basic pattern. In conclusion, this paper has developed a prototypical tool that facilitates the new approach to kinetic decorative ornaments on building skin.
keywords Decorative ornaments; Adaptive building skin; Camshaft mechanism; Kinetic building; Building Technology
email
last changed 2013/10/07 19:08

_id 70e7
authors Soddu, Celestino and Colabella, Enrica
year 1999
title Workshop Morphogenetic Design
source AVOCAAD Second International Conference [AVOCAAD Conference Proceedings / ISBN 90-76101-02-07] Brussels (Belgium) 8-10 April 1999, pp. 353-354
summary
series AVOCAAD
email
last changed 2005/09/09 10:48

_id ecaade2013r_000
id ecaade2013r_000
authors Sousa, José P.; Xavier, João P.
year 2013
title Future Traditions. Rethinking Traditions and Envisioning the Future of Architecture Through the Use of Digital Technologies
source 1st eCAADe Regional International Workshop Proceedings [ISBN 978-989-8527-03-5], University of Porto, Faculty of Architecture (Portugal), 4-5 April 2013, 250p.
summary The debate around the impact of digital technologies in architecture is usually centered on the discovery of new possibilities for the discipline. However, the past and traditions can also play an important role in the future of architecture. After 50 years of technological assimilation, architects have today the necessary distance to embrace a critical reflection about how computers support the dynamics of continuity or rupture in the discipline. Thus, to understand how digital technologies can contribute to rethink traditions and to inspire the future of architecture became the main goal of the 1st eCAADe Regional International Workshop dedicated to the theme of “Future Traditions”, hosted by the Faculty of Architecture of the University of Porto, Portugal.
email
last changed 2013/10/07 19:08

_id ecaade2016_104
id ecaade2016_104
authors Spaeth, A. Benjamin, Dounas, Theodoros and Kieferle, Joachim
year 2016
title Complexity and Simplicity - Tensions in teaching computation to large numbers of architecture students
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2016.1.229
source Herneoja, Aulikki; Toni Österlund and Piia Markkanen (eds.), Complexity & Simplicity - Proceedings of the 34th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, 22-26 August 2016, pp. 229-236
summary This paper describes the challenges and approaches to introduce computational thinking to a large and diverse group of architecture students during an international workshop with 300 students from different cultural backgrounds and educational levels, also integrating a diverse group of tutors whose computational expertise varied extremely. The approach suggested articulating a design task which enforced computational thinking but enabled different levels of engagement with the computer as a tool. Hypothetically this would allow all participants to engage with the computational thinking agenda regardless their computational affinity even whilst applying analogue methods. Besides the intercultural experience the workshop was successful in exposing a large group of students and tutors to the concepts of computational design whilst accommodating different learning preferences and engagement with the computer as a device.
wos WOS:000402063700026
keywords Computation Education; CAAD; Large Cohorts; Computational Strategies
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:56

_id sigradi2021_350
id sigradi2021_350
authors Sperling, David, Martin Iglesias, Rodrigo, Voto, Cristina and Scheeren, Rodrigo
year 2021
title Digital Disobedience and Other Futures: Figurations of Futuristic Home Devices
source Gomez, P and Braida, F (eds.), Designing Possibilities - Proceedings of the XXV International Conference of the Ibero-American Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2021), Online, 8 - 12 November 2021, pp. 571–582
summary The article presents and discusses the experience of a workshop held online in 2020 as part of the DigitalFUTURES event. The proposal found its starting point in the register of a world in the midst of a pandemic crisis. The general objective of the workshop was the construction of a design thinking capable of acting on the domestic by means of a disobedience projected towards a possible future. In this framework, digital disobedience became an exercise in critically questioning certain ambiguities of digital interfaces in their everyday omnipresence. By adopting a decolonial sight on design through an epistemology from the South, it was possible to achieve at alternative figurations of futures. These figurations led to the design of a series of futuristic domestic devices capable of exploring disobedient scenarios of domestic dwelling.
keywords diseno ficcional, hibridación tecnológica, gambiarra, diseno paramétrico, futurización
series SIGraDi
email
last changed 2022/05/23 12:11

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