Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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Reformat results as: short short into frame detailed detailed into frame

_id	acadia19_338
id	acadia19_338
authors	Aviv, Dorit; Houchois, Nicholas; Meggers, Forrest
year	2019
title	Thermal Reality Capture
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2019.338
source	ACADIA 19:UBIQUITY AND AUTONOMY [Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-59179-7] (The University of Texas at Austin School of Architecture, Austin, Texas 21-26 October, 2019) pp. 338-345
summary	Architectural surfaces constantly emit radiant heat fluxes to their surroundings, a phenomenon that is wholly dependent on their geometry and material properties. Therefore, the capacity of 3D scanning techniques to capture the geometry of building surfaces should be extended to sense and capture the surfaces’ thermal behavior in real time. We present an innovative sensor, SMART (Spherical-Motion Average Radiant Temperature Sensor), which captures the thermal characteristics of the built environment by coupling laser geometry scanning with infrared surface temperature detection. Its novelty lies in the combination of the two sensor technologies into an analytical device for radiant temperature mapping. With a sensor-based dynamic thermal-surface model, it is possible to achieve representation and control over one of the major factors affecting human comfort. The results for a case-study of a 3D thermal scan conducted in the recently completed Lewis Center for the Arts at Princeton University are compared with simulation results based on a detailed BIM model of the same space.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	caadria2019_637
id	caadria2019_637
authors	Han, Dongchen, Zhang, Hong, Cui, Weiwen and Huang, Jie
year	2019
title	Towards to a Hybrid Model-Making Method based on Translations between Physical and Digital Models - A case study of the freeform architectural design
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2019.2.561
source	M. Haeusler, M. A. Schnabel, T. Fukuda (eds.), Intelligent & Informed - Proceedings of the 24th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 15-18 April 2019, pp. 561-570
summary	The extensive applications of digital models might decrease the capacity of physical model-making for perceptual thinking and enlarge the gap between architects and physical space with limited visual experience. This study aims to propose a reverse process for realizing translations between physical and digital model-making methods from which architects could maximize their initial ideas in conceptual design while allowing for rational digitalization in the detailed design. A review of Reverse Engineering architectural applications is presented and the hybrid method is proposed and examined in a freeform design case. The research shows that in the first translation phase, from handmade physical models to parametric digital models, freeform geometry could be better parameterized in a low degree of deformation based on photogrammetry. Meanwhile, in the second translation phase, from detailed digital models to large-scale physical models, the digitally-driven fabrication could be applied more precisely and automatically based on error handling by 3D laser scanning. Moreover, the process and algorithms developed for the hybrid model-making method indicate the possibility of being applied to further freeform architectural design cases.
keywords	Physical models; Digital models; RE technologies; Freeform design; Accuracy
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ecaade2023_253
id	ecaade2023_253
authors	Kim, Eonyong and Park, JongJin
year	2023
title	Using Digital Twins for Architectural Heritages
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.681
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 681–690
summary	This research project explores the use of digital twin technology and sensor hub data for the preservation and management of architectural heritages. The project focuses on the development of a comprehensive management system for traditional buildings in Andong, South Korea, utilizing digital twin technology and sensor hub data. The project aims to critically examine the use of digital twin technology and investigate the efficacy of different methodologies for creating detailed digital models of traditional buildings, including laser scanning and photogrammetry. Real-time data from sensor hubs installed at the sites is collected and analyzed to provide stakeholders with a comprehensive and dynamic understanding of the buildings' condition. Infrastructure obstacles, such as a lack of power for sensors and LTE routers, are addressed through the implementation of sustainable and effective solutions such as solar power. The project aims to develop best practices and insights for the preservation and management of architectural heritages using digital twin technology and contribute to the field of heritage conservation.
keywords	Digital Twins, Heritages, Korea Traditional building, Sensors, IoT
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2020_137
id	ecaade2020_137
authors	Webb, Nicholas, Hillson, James, Peterson, John Robert, Buchanan, Alexandrina and Duffy, Sarah
year	2020
title	Documentation and Analysis of a Medieval Tracing Floor Using Photogrammetry, Reflectance Transformation Imaging and Laser Scanning
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2020.2.209
source	Werner, L and Koering, D (eds.), Anthropologic: Architecture and Fabrication in the cognitive age - Proceedings of the 38th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 16-18 September 2020, pp. 209-218
summary	The fifteenth-century tracing floor at Wells cathedral is an extremely rare survival in European architecture. Located in the roof space above the north porch, this plaster floor was used as a drawing and design tool by medieval masons, the lines and arcs inscribed into its surface enabling them to explore their ideas on a 1:1 scale. Many of these marks are difficult to see with the naked eye and existing studies of its geometry are reliant on manual retracing of its lines. This paper showcases the potential of digital surveying and analytical tools, namely photogrammetry, reflectance transformation imaging (RTI) and laser scanning, to extend our knowledge of the tracing floor and its use in the cathedral. It begins by comparing the recording processes and outputs of all three techniques, followed by a description of the digital retracing of the tracing floor to highlight lines and arcs on the surface. Finally, it compares these with digital surveys of the architecture of the cathedral cloister.
keywords	digital heritage; photogrammetry; reflectance transformation imaging; laser scanning; medieval design
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_061
id	ecaadesigradi2019_061
authors	Alkadri, Miktha Farid, De Luca, Francesco, Turrin, Michela and Sariyildiz, Sevil
year	2019
title	Making use of Point Cloud for Generating Subtractive Solar Envelopes
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.1.633
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 1, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 633-640
summary	As a contextual and passive design strategy, solar envelopes play a great role in determining building mass based on desirable sun access during the predefined period. With the rapid evolution of digital tools, the design method of solar envelopes varies in different computational platforms. However, current approaches still lack in covering the detailed complex geometry and relevant information of the surrounding context. This, consequently, affects missing information during contextual analysis and simulation of solar envelopes. This study proposes a subtractive method of solar envelopes by considering the geometrical attribute contained in the point cloud of TLS (terrestrial laser scanner) dataset. Integration of point cloud into the workflow of solar envelopes not only increases the robustness of final geometry of existing solar envelopes but also enhances awareness of architects during contextual analysis due to consideration of surface properties of the existing environment.
keywords	point cloud data; solar envelopes; subtractive method; solar access
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	acadia20_176p
id	acadia20_176p
authors	Lok, Leslie; Zivkovic, Sasa
year	2020
title	Ashen Cabin
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume II: Projects [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95253-6]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by M. Yablonina, A. Marcus, S. Doyle, M. del Campo, V. Ago, B. Slocum. 176-181
summary	Ashen Cabin, designed by HANNAH, is a small building 3D-printed from concrete and clothed in a robotically fabricated envelope made of irregular ash wood logs. From the ground up, digital design and fabrication technologies are intrinsic to the making of this architectural prototype, facilitating fundamentally new material methods, tectonic articulations, forms of construction, and architectural design languages. Ashen Cabin challenges preconceived notions about material standards in wood. The cabin utilizes wood infested by the Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) for its envelope, which, unfortunately, is widely considered as ‘waste’. At present, the invasive EAB threatens to eradicate most of the 8.7 billion ash trees in North America (USDA, 2019). Due to their challenging geometries, most infested ash trees cannot be processed by regular sawmills and are therefore regarded as unsuitable for construction. Infested and dying ash trees form an enormous and untapped material resource for sustainable wood construction. By implementing high precision 3D scanning and robotic fabrication, the project upcycles Emerald-Ash-Borer-infested ‘waste wood’ into an abundantly available, affordable, and morbidly sustainable building material for the Anthropocene. Using a KUKA KR200/2 with a custom 5hp band saw end effector at the Cornell Robotic Construction Laboratory (RCL), the research team can saw irregular tree logs into naturally curved boards of various and varying thicknesses. The boards are arrayed into interlocking SIP façade panels, and by adjusting the thickness of the bandsaw cut, the robotically carved timber boards can be assembled as complex single curvature surfaces or double-curvature surfaces. The undulating wooden surfaces accentuate the building’s program and yet remain reminiscent of the natural log geometry which they are derived from. The curvature of the wood is strategically deployed to highlight moments of architectural importance such as windows, entrances, roofs, canopies, or provide additional programmatic opportunities such as integrated shelving, desk space, or storage.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2021/10/26 08:08

_id	acadia19_266
id	acadia19_266
authors	MacDonald, Katie; Schumann, Kyle; Hauptman, Jonas
year	2019
title	Digital Fabrication of Standardless Materials
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2019.266
source	ACADIA 19:UBIQUITY AND AUTONOMY [Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-59179-7] (The University of Texas at Austin School of Architecture, Austin, Texas 21-26 October, 2019) pp. 266-275
summary	Digital fabrication techniques have long been aimed at creating unique geometries and forms from standardized, often industrially produced or processed material. These materials have predictable, uniform geometries which allow the fabrication process to be aimed at producing variation through Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC) milling of topological surfaces from volumetric stock or profiles from sheet material. More recently, digital fabrication techniques have been expanded and categorized to address the inherent variation in a found material. Digital materiallurgy defines an approach where standard techniques are applied to non-standard materials; in form-searching, non-standard materials such as unmilled timber members or chunks of concrete waste are analyzed for optimization within a digital fabrication process. Processes of photogrammetry, 3D scanning, and parametric analysis have been used to advance these methods and minimize part reduction and material waste. In this paper, we explore how such methods may be applied to materials without traditional standards—allowing for materials that are inherently variable in geometry to be made usable and for such eccentricities to be leveraged within a design. This paper uses bamboo as a case study for standardless material, and proposes an integrated digital fabrication method for using such material: (1) material stock analysis using sensing technology, (2) parametric best-fit part selection that optimizes a given piece of material within an assembly, and (3) parametric feedback between available material and the design of an assembly which allows for the assembly to adjust its geometry to a set of available parts.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	ijac201917301
id	ijac201917301
authors	Webb, Nicholas and Alexandrina Buchanan
year	2019
title	Digitally aided analysis of medieval vaults in an English cathedral, using generative design tools
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 17 - no. 3, 241-259
summary	Medieval masons relied on a ruler and compass to generate designs of increasing complexity in both two and three dimensions. They understood that arcs and lines could be used for proportioning, working with halves, thirds, fifths and so on, rather than specific dimensions. Geometric rules enabled them to create vaulted bays, high up in church and cathedral interiors. In recent years, the influence of digital generative design tools can be seen in our built environment. We will explore generative design to reverse engineer and better understand the design and computational processes that the medieval masons might have employed at our case study site of Exeter Cathedral, England. Our focus is on a run of bays along the nave, which at first appear consistent in their design, yet in reality are subtly different. We will investigate the capacity for changes in the generative process while preserving the overall medieval design concept.
keywords	Reverse engineering, generative design, algorithms-aided design, laser scanning, Exeter Cathedral, medieval design, pre-digital computing
series	journal
email
last changed	2020/11/02 13:34

_id	cf2019_026
id	cf2019_026
authors	Wibranek, Bastian; Oliver Tessmann, Boris Belousov and Alymbek Sadybakasov
year	2019
title	Interactive Assemblies: Man-Machine Collaborations for a Material-Based Modeling Environment
source	Ji-Hyun Lee (Eds.) "Hello, Culture!" [18th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2019, Proceedings / ISBN 978-89-89453-05-5] Daejeon, Korea, p. 186
summary	This paper presents our concept, named Interactive Assemblies, which facilitates interaction between man and machine in construction process in which specially designed building components are used as a design interface. In our setup, users physically manipulate and reposition building components. The components, digitized by means of machine sensing, become a part of the design interface. Each of the three experiments included in this paper examines a different robotic sensor approach that helps transfer of data, including the position and shape of each component, back into the digital model. We investigate combinations of material systems (material computation, selfcorrecting assembly) and matching sensors. The accumulated data serves as input for design algorithms and generates robot tool paths for collaborative fabrication. Using real-world geometry to move from virtual design tools directly to physical interaction and back, our research proposes enhanced participation of human actors in robotic construction processes in architecture.
keywords	Man-Machine Collaboration, Robotics, Machine Sensing, As-Built Modelling, Interactive Assemblies
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2019/07/29 14:15

_id	ecaade2018_162
id	ecaade2018_162
authors	Alkadri, Miktha, Turrin, Michela and Sariyildiz, Sevil
year	2018
title	Toward an Environmental Database - Exploring the material properties from the point cloud data of the existing environment
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2018.2.263
source	Kepczynska-Walczak, A, Bialkowski, S (eds.), Computing for a better tomorrow - Proceedings of the 36th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland, 19-21 September 2018, pp. 263-270
summary	The utilization of point cloud as a 3D laser scanning product has reached across multi-disciplines in terms of data processing, data visualization, and data analysis. This study particularly investigates further the use of typical attributes of raw point cloud data consisting of XYZ (position information), RGB (colour information) and I (intensity information). By exploring the optical and thermal properties of the given point cloud data, it aims at compensating the material and texture information that is usually remained behind by architects during the conceptual design stage. Calculation of the albedo, emissivity and the reflectance values from the existing context specifically direct the architects to predict the type of materials for the proposed design in order to keep the balance of the surrounding Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. Therefore, architects can have a comprehensive analysis of the existing context to deal with the microclimate condition before a design decision phase.
keywords	point cloud data; material characteristics; albedo; emissivity; reflectance value
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	7229
authors	Brenner, C. and Haala, N.
year	1999
title	Towards Virtual Maps: On the Production of 3D City Models
source	GeoInformatics 2(5), pp. 10–13
summary	The growing demand for detailed city models has stimulated research on efficient 3D data acquisition. Over the past years, it has become evident that the automatic reconstruction of urban scenes is most promising if different types of data, possibly originating from different data sources are combined. In the approach presented in this paper the geometric reconstruction of urban areas is based on height data from airborne laser scanning and 2D GIS, which provides the ground plan geometry of buildings. Both data sources are used to estimate the type and parameter of basic primitives which in turn are combined to obtain complex building structures. The final output consists of 3D CAD models for the buildings. Using the reconstructed geometry, terrestrial images are mapped onto building facades to generate virtual city models.
keywords	3D City modeling
series	journal paper
last changed	2003/11/21 15:16

_id	165b
authors	Brenner, C. and Haala, N.
year	1999
title	Rapid Production of Virtual Reality City Models
source	GIS - Geo-Informationssysteme 12(3), pp. 22–28
summary	The growing demand for detailed city models has stimulated research on efficient 3D data acquisition. Over the past years, it has become evident that the automatic reconstruction of urban scenes is most promising if different types of data, possibly originating from different data sources are combined. In the approach presented in this paper the geometric reconstruction of urban areas is based on height data from airborne laser scanning and 2D GIS, which provides the ground plan geometry of buildings. Both data sources are used to estimate the type and parameter of basic primitives which in turn are combined to obtain complex building structures. The final output consists of 3D CAD models for the buildings. Using the reconstructed geometry, terrestrial images are mapped onto building facades to generate virtual city models.
keywords	3D City modeling
series	other
last changed	2003/11/21 15:16

_id	ecaade2024_252
id	ecaade2024_252
authors	Cui, Cassia De Lian; Cursi, Stefano; Simeone, Davide; Fioravanti, Antonio; Curra, Edoardo
year	2024
title	An Ontology-Driven Approach for Geometry Segmentation and Interpretation in Architectural Heritage/archaeology
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.2.239
source	Kontovourkis, O, Phocas, MC and Wurzer, G (eds.), Data-Driven Intelligence - Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2024), Nicosia, 11-13 September 2024, Volume 2, pp. 239–248
summary	Digital information systems are widely used for heritage documentation and management activities. The creation of 3D models based on different survey techniques, like photogrammetry and laser scanning, allows a fast collection of the studied assets in the form of geometry dimensions and point clouds. However, the raw geometric information and the mesh/solid converted data need to be associated with semantic annotation, defined as external and formalized knowledge of the architectural artifact. This paper proposes a workflow using Semantic Web-related technologies to support point cloud segmentation activity of archaeological artifacts. The suggested approach is based on analyzing and integrating different layers of information through three main phases: the digital acquisition phase, the geometry creation phase, and the semantic enrichment phase. The defined framework is then applied to the archaeological case study of Tivoli to highlight how the workflow can significantly improve the quality and effectiveness of data segmentation in the existing heritage documentation processes by providing a solid basis for the generation of detailed and semantically enriched geometric information models. Finally, the creation of this system prototype will give overall support to aid the interpretations and value recognition of heritage sites thanks to the capability of representing and managing the categories (in Aristotle’s sense) and the uniqueness of concepts applied to this peculiar and paradigmatic case study.
keywords	Built heritage, Semantic annotation, Ontologies, Knowledge-based system
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	6915
authors	Dorninger, Peter
year	2003
title	XML Technologies and Geodata
source	CORP 2003, Vienna University of Technology, 25.2.-28.2.2003 [Proceedings on CD-Rom]
summary	Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing are very important methods for acquisition of geodata. During the previous decade, severalrevolutionary changes occurred in this area. Until the appearance of automated image analysis tools, it was necessary to measureselected points in the images given. At that time, it was much faster and even cheaper to get images of real world objects compared tothe time and money consuming process of manual analyses. So one tried to minimize this effort by measuring only characteristicpoints such as edges, break-lines, peaks and valleys and, for sure, a grid with a given grid step which was selected to meet the efforts.Lots of information in the images was neglected.Digital point matching algorithms and airborne laser scanning provide many new possibilities. The only restriction on spatialresolution is the one of the used sensors. Given a more precise image sensor, the matching algorithm will be able to match moresurface points; given a higher frequency laser scanner, more points can be measured of the same area. And those sensors get moreand more precise every day. Besides, those techniques allow for fast repetition which is necessary to create time series as a basis for4D modeling! However, this fact is accompanied by several problems concerning the capability of available computers. Some years ago, as the first ideas of 3D city models arose, it was very difficult to acquire the necessary data. Today the new sensors and methods have thenecessary capability, but we are not able to handle the available datasets efficiently, because of shortcomings in the past. In a time ofworld wide data exchange through the internet and global datasets, it is necessary to have efficient methods and algorithms tomanage the available data. There is a need for international, vendor independent data exchange and management standards that haveto be accepted and supported by the industry. This article is going to present several methods of data encoding using standardized data formats based on eXtensible Markup Language (XML). After an introduction to this kind of data encoding, two derived applications for management, storage and presentation of geodata are described. As XML data is written in text format, the datasets have the ability to become rather long.Therefore some promising methods to reduce the amount of data are introduced afterwards. XML documents are mainly used fordata exchange between databases. Therefore the capabilities of commonly used database systems for storage of geodata are describedin the end and current implementation results of the Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (I.P.F.) are presented.
series	other
email
last changed	2003/03/11 20:39

_id	ijac20075211
id	ijac20075211
authors	Ioannidis, Charalabos; Potsiou, Chryssy; Soile, Sofia
year	2007
title	A Spatial Information System for the Archaeological Site of Mycenae
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 5 - no. 2, pp. 376-394
summary	Digital and automated photogrammetric procedures, developed for the collection and management of spatial data, and terrestrial laser scanning systems provide new capabilities for documentation of archaeological monuments and sites. Also, special tools in Spatial Information Systems and production of virtual models have been developed. Their combination provides relevant scientists (architects, archaeologists, etc) and users with a variety of options for the creation of integrated systems capable for documentation, restoration and cultural development of archaeological sites. Detailed 2D and 3D representation of the current condition of the site, development of a multi-purpose SIS, and introduction of modern digital products at a local museum, such as 3D models, creation of virtual environment and Web applications are some of them. Application of such techniques and systems was made to the archaeological site of the Mycenae in Greece, one of the most important sites worldwide.
series	journal
last changed	2007/08/29 16:23

_id	ecaade2023_296
id	ecaade2023_296
authors	Lharchi, Ayoub, Tamke, Martin, Nicholas, Paul, Eppinger, Carl, Sonne, Konrad, Valipour Goudarzi, Hasti, Rossi, Gabriella and Ramsgaard Thomsen, Mette
year	2023
title	Sensing and Augmenting for Adaptive Assembly Strategies
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.269
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 269–276
summary	This paper introduces an innovative integrated approach to design, simulate, and test assembly strategies that adapt to tolerances and geometric variations. Traditional Design for Assembly (DfA) methods, while effective for well-known materials and predetermined design parameters, exhibit limitations in addressing unknown parameters and unpredictable material behavior. Our research employs techniques such as 3D scanning, laser projection, and early 1:1 prototyping to develop a flexible adaptive assembly model, accommodating last-minute structural and site condition changes. We demonstrate our novel workflow through the assembly and installation of a large-scale demonstrator at the AEDES gallery in Berlin, consisting of 24 variable-size 3D printed panels attached to a brick wall. By creating an initial assembly model using early detailing and a preliminary assembly sequence, we maximized the number of adaptable design parameters. An agent-based model was utilized to identify wall connection locations based on site constraints and fastener accessibility. Upon completing panel production, we used industrial laser projectors to compare digital files to actual pieces and 3D scanning to acquire accurate panel connection positions. This information enabled the regeneration of connection points with precise angles and dimensions and informed the final assembly sequence. On-site laser projection facilitated the efficient assembly of the structure. Our approach paves the way for more accurate and adaptable construction methods in complex architectural projects.
keywords	assembly information modeling, 3d scanning, laser projection, design for assembly, material behavior
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2024_232
id	ecaade2024_232
authors	N. Panayiotou, Panayiotis; Kontovourkis, Odysseas
year	2024
title	A Holistic Documentation and Analysis of Timber Roof Structures in Heritage Buildings Using Scan to HBIM Approaches
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.1.715
source	Kontovourkis, O, Phocas, MC and Wurzer, G (eds.), Data-Driven Intelligence - Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2024), Nicosia, 11-13 September 2024, Volume 1, pp. 715–724
summary	There is a great need for holistic documentation and management of heritage buildings using Historic Building Information Modelling (HBIM) frameworks. Limitations can be found in current literature regarding the accuracy, the level-of-detail, and the required attributes of final HBIM models, especially in cases where digital information intents to be used for the documentation of heritage timber roof structures. Previous research works indicate that geometry is created by the extrusion of the cross sections of the beams, and the usage of existing 2D drawings leading to simplified geometries in HBIM. This results in an absence of critical information, for example the bending of the wood, and its pathology. In this study, a novel Scan-to-HBIM methodology is exemplified and applied in heritage timber roof structures, which includes the implementation of recent remote sensing technologies for capturing the as-built data, with high levels of accuracy both in geometry as well as in pathology. In terms of geometry, algorithmic processes are used, that integrate parametric and BIM environments for the automatic creation of timber roof frames from point cloud data, which are adjustable to the abnormalities found in heritage buildings. As regards to pathology, high-resolution textured mesh models are created from photogrammetric procedures, which indicate in detail any possible defects to the existing timber elements. Detailed geometry and pathology are further analyzed, and a BIM database is created for documenting the typology, materiality, and level of damage to timber components. The methodology is tested on a Franko-Byzantine Timber roof Church in Cyprus, which includes a complex timber structural system.
keywords	Scan-to-HBIM, Terrestrial Laser Scanning, Photogrammetry, Algorithmic Design, Timber Roof Construction
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	acadia20_170p
id	acadia20_170p
authors	Pawlowska, Gosia
year	2020
title	Viscous Catenary
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume II: Projects [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95253-6]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by M. Yablonina, A. Marcus, S. Doyle, M. del Campo, V. Ago, B. Slocum. 170-175
summary	Viscous Catenary is a free-form architectural glass structure that embeds material logic in a distributed system. Multi-curved panels are joined in a ‘catenary channel glass’ assembly, expressing the inherent behavior of the material at high temperatures. Float glass will typically achieve a level of viscosity at 1200°F (650°C), formed in a kiln by draping or “slumping. This hybrid fabrication process combines low-tech hardware and modern digital technologies. Glass panels were formed in a traditional kiln over a set of interchangeable waterjet-cut steel profiles or a repositionable tooling system. Parametric design in Grasshopper was essential to establish a discrete number of unique formwork elements and subdivide the overall geometry by panel size. In this case, each panel in the system was draped over four steel profiles. The formwork encourages a specific curvature in the glass, most precisely at the locations of folding. These moments of control allow the panels to align at their folds and join in an assembly by splice-lamination. Between the folds, the material remains free to shape itself, responding to its thickness, span, time, and temperature- into an undetermined “viscous catenary.” Selectively programming the geometry allows for a degree of material agency to remain in the system. This method differs from existing curved architectural glass, which would typically be pressed into a fully deterministic mold, leaving no opportunity for emergent morphologies. A pilot installation joined using transparent silicone adhesive achieved a height of 90cm with overlapping 30cm tall panels. Laser 3-d scanning between fabrication and assembly helped evaluate the fit between adjacent panels, identifying locations that required reinforcement. More research is needed to improve tolerances and overcome limitations in the adhesive before scaling up the fabrication system. Viscous Catenary succeeds in questioning the formal and structural potential of matter-driven curved architectural glass assemblies.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2021/10/26 08:03

_id	77fe
authors	Shohet, I.M. and Rosenfeld, Y.
year	1997
title	Robotic mapping of building interior--precision analysis
source	Automation in Construction 7 (1) (1997) pp. 1-12
summary	Autonomous map-making of building interiors is becoming a widely used tool in robotics for various applications. One of the major problems to be dealt with in the development of this tool is the precision of the coordinates obtained in the process of mapping. Previous developments in map-making focused on the empirical examination of the accuracies. This paper presents an analysis of the precision of a map created by a robotic arm of 6 articulated degrees of freedom mounted on a mobile carriage and utilizing a laser beam range-finder for horizontal and vertical rotational scanning. The analysis shows that two parameters are the main factors affecting the precision of the map: (1) orientation of the carriage on which the robot is mounted and (2) distance between the sensor and the walls being scanned. It was found that if the carriage location accuracy is 1 cm, then in order to achieve coordinate precision not worse than 3 cm: (1) the carriage orientation accuracy must be at least 0.1° and (2) the distance between the sensor and the walls being scanned should not exceed 3 m.
series	journal paper
more	http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed	2003/05/15 21:23

_id	caadria2015_066
id	caadria2015_066
authors	Vital, R. and J. Cory
year	2015
title	Digital Documentation integrated in BIM for Building Reuse and Sustainable Retrofit
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2015.407
source	Emerging Experience in Past, Present and Future of Digital Architecture, Proceedings of the 20th International Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2015) / Daegu 20-22 May 2015, pp. 407-416
summary	Architectural survey is an evolving field in architecture that has been affected during the past decades by the technological advancements in the field of 3D data acquisition. Data acquired from laser scanning and photogrammetry, for the purposes of documentation can be integrated in the BIM data base of the project and contribute as the first stage in the sustainable process of building reuse and retrofit and for an appropriate design intervention for a building under preservation. This paper presents the case study of the documentation and design intervention of a building under preservation in Ramat Gan, Israel. All phases of the design process were integrated into a comprehensive BIM data base: the digital documentation of the building, through laser scanning and photogrammetry, the architectural geometry, the structural information, the HVAC and electrical planning. This case-study demonstrates how the compilation of the various phases in a BIM database facilitated a smooth workflow in a complicated project under preservation, allowed for an immediate coordination between the various consultants and resulted in a non-invasive design intervention.
keywords	Laser scanning; BIM; digital survey; retrofit; preservation.
series	CAADRIA
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last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

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