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CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	2004_624
id	2004_624
authors	Schink, Claus-Jürgen
year	2004
title	The GISMO Project - Complete Integration of Renovation and Refurbishment of Occupied Buildings
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2004.624
source	Architecture in the Network Society [22nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-2-4] Copenhagen (Denmark) 15-18 September 2004, pp. 624-629
summary	This paper discusses the current proceedings in a joint research project, focused on a complete integration of all tasks involved in a refurbishment under use. All relevant matters have to be modeled in a common internet system, developed by a company for internet based project management. A special focus is lead on - the integration of the needs of lodgers. - the quantification of ecological impacts. - the optimization of the refurbishment process with an integrated scheduling method. - the development of database elements, consisting of information for invitation of tenders, ecological benchmarking, time, cost, exposures for the renovation tasks. It is a work in progress article.
keywords	Refurbishment, Internet Based Project-Management, Operations Research, Process Modeling in the Building Industry
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	2004_451
id	2004_451
authors	Schink, Claus-Jürgen
year	2004
title	The Notebook University Karlsruhe (TH) - How to Promote and Support the Education of Architects and Engineers via Mobile Networks?
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2004.451
source	Architecture in the Network Society [22nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-2-4] Copenhagen (Denmark) 15-18 September 2004, pp. 451-458
summary	The article describes the didactical integration of wireless access networks for the campus of the University of Karlsruhe in the education of architects and engineers. It focuses on the development of an interdisciplinary communication network to encourage, support and promote the communication and collaboration between students. The discussed modules were developed during the Notebook University Karlsruhe (TH). An applied project, aimed on several targets. The invention of a notebook university for all students. The distribution of software via a „software fuel station“, the integration of UMTS in campus networks, the support of online lessons, and the encouragement of students to work over the internet. The author joined the consortium with the subproject called: „Interdisciplinary Cooperation Modules in Mobile Networks“ (INKOP). This project lead to a couple of tools, listed in this contribution. Based on the design and project oriented cooperation platform netzentwurf.de the authors developed the tools „Jobadmin“ to administrate multidisciplinary workgroups, „Swarm Knowledge Catalogue“ to collect and store knowledge and „LivingCampus“, an instrument providing basic services for dynamic communication. The author assumes that the fundamental learning impulses take place among the students themselves and that the training of architects and engineers should enable them to organise themselves and their workgroups. Therefore, the collective acquisition of knowledge and cooperation has to be trained during the studies closely.
keywords	Cooperation Platform, Teaching Cooperation, Wireless LAN Videoconferencing, Education of Engineers, Web Based Design
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	ddss9480
id	ddss9480
authors	Schipper, Roel and Augenbroe, Godfried
year	1994
title	An Information Model of Energy Performance in Early Building Design
source	Second Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture & Urban Planning (Vaals, the Netherlands), August 15-19, 1994
summary	Design is a creative and dynamic process. The level to which a future generation of Intelligent Integrated Building Design Systems will be able to support this process depends on the power of the underlying conceptual models to cover the semantics of design. In the definition of generic building models, the concept of constraints appears to be a powerful means to formalize those semantics. Both design performance goals, and rules and relations in design composition can be described as constraints. The Engineering Data Model (EDM), recently developed at UCLA, acknowledges this fact. It allows the formal definition of object oriented building models, using constraints as the central concept for describing relations. This paper will discuss the development of an EDM building model for the integrated design for energy performance, and the implementa-tion of this model in a small prototype system. We will specifically deal with modelling informati-on in the early design stages. This information typically consists of multiple global design alternatives on one hand, and a wide range of conflicting design goals on the other hand. In the paper, it is demonstrated that integration of these conflicting views on building performance in one coherent model is the key to obtaining an optimal design result. Using the Dutch building codes for energy performance (NEN 2916) as an example of design goals, the concepts and relations of these building codes were translated to a formal EDM model. A small shell was built on top of this computer-interpretable model, to demonstrate the useability of the model during the solving of a concrete design problem. It is shown that the EDM building model is able to provide the designer with integrated information through combining different sets of performance constraints and design alternatives in one environment.
series	DDSS
email
last changed	2003/08/07 16:36

_id	b2f6
authors	Schira, Gretchen
year	2002
title	Analysis of Digital Image Properties and Human Preference
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2002.413
source	Thresholds - Design, Research, Education and Practice, in the Space Between the Physical and the Virtual [Proceedings of the 2002 Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design In Architecture / ISBN 1-880250-11-X] Pomona (California) 24-27 October 2002, pp. 413-422
summary	The three studies summarized in this paper present evidence that aesthetic preference for visualsurface texture is closely correlated with spatial frequency and orientation. The stimuli used were digitalversions of real environments, in the sense that they originated in photographs of real surfaces.Correlations are significant, and robust, and they were not effected by identifiability of the images.Theoretically, this points to the possibility that aesthetic preferences for objects in the builtenvironment—‘virtual’ and ‘real’—are not exclusively devoted to culture, memory and association, aspost-modern discourse would dictate. Although more work needs to be done, it nevertheless points tothe potential that preference for digital/virtual as well as real architectural environments be consideredthe visual stimuli to which human beings are neurologically tuned. Digital technology provides themeans to implement such research, and computer simulations of ‘real’ environments will be the firstapplication. With an ability to adapt aesthetically to the changing human condition, the importantquestions are how should one adapt such surfaces and under what criteria or under what influence arethe adaptations made?
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	ecaade2011_034
id	ecaade2011_034
authors	Schirmer, Patrick; Kawagishi, Noboru
year	2011
title	Using shape grammars as a rule based approach in urban planning - a report on practice
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2011.116
source	RESPECTING FRAGILE PLACES [29th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-9-4912070-1-3], University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Architecture (Slovenia) 21-24 September 2011, pp.116-124
summary	With the development of user friendly software, using procedural shape grammars has become productive for urban planning projects. Little about the experience of their use by architects and urban planning agencies has been reported yet. This paper will thus discuss the experience gained with the use of shape grammars in the projects of KCAP. We will show how the different scales of urban planning and urban design can be handled and how design concepts can be integrated into the procedural “pipeline” using the software “CityEngine”. We will also present an approach of “typological testing” that allows to test various design concepts for their possible developments. This work is the base for current research at ETH, integrating geometric aspects into behavioural simulation processes of urban simulation.
wos	WOS:000335665500013
keywords	Shape grammars; Urban planning; Urban Simulation; Urban Typologies
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/05/01 23:21

_id	acadia16_260
id	acadia16_260
authors	Schleicher, Simon; La Magna, Riccardo
year	2016
title	Bending-Active Plates: Form-Finding and Form-Conversion
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2016.260
source	ACADIA // 2016: POSTHUMAN FRONTIERS: Data, Designers, and Cognitive Machines [Proceedings of the 36th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-692-77095-5] Ann Arbor 27-29 October, 2016, pp. 260-269
summary	With this paper, the authors aim to contribute to the discourse on bending-active structures by highlighting two different design methods, form-finding and form-conversion. The authors compare the two methods through close analysis of bending-active plate structures, discussing their advantages and disadvantages based on three built case studies. This paper introduces the core ideas behind bending-active structures, a rather new structural system that makes targeted use of large elastic deformations to generate and stabilize complex geometrical forms based on initially planar elements. Previous research has focused mainly on form-finding. As a bottom-up approach, it begins with flat plates and recreates the bending and coupling process digitally to gradually determine the final shape. Form-conversion, conversely, begins with a predefined shape that is then discretized by strategic surface tiling and informed mesh subdivision, and which in turn considers the geometrical and structural constraints given by the plates. The three built case studies exemplify how these methods integrate into the design process. The first case study applies physical and digital form-finding techniques to build a chaise lounge. The latter two convert a desired shape into wide-spanning constructions that either weave multiple strips together or connect distant layers with each other, providing additional rigidity. The presented case studies successfully prove the effectiveness of form-finding and form-conversion methods and render a newly emerging design space for the planning, fabrication, and construction of bending-active structures.
keywords	bending-active structures, form-conversion, form-finding, embedded responsiveness
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	acadia17_544
id	acadia17_544
authors	Schleicher, Simon; La Magna, Riccardo; Zabel, Joshua
year	2017
title	Bending-active Sandwich Shells: Studio One Research Pavilion 2017
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2017.544
source	ACADIA 2017: DISCIPLINES & DISRUPTION [Proceedings of the 37th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-692-96506-1] Cambridge, MA 2-4 November, 2017), pp. 544- 551
summary	The goal of this paper is to advance the research on bending-active structures by investigating the system’s inherent structural characteristics and introducing an alternative approach to their design and fabrication. With this project, the authors propose the use of sandwich-structured composites to improve the load-bearing behavior of bending-active shells. By combining digital form-finding and form-conversion processes, it becomes possible to discretize a double-curved shell geometry into an assembly of single-curved sandwich strips. Due to the clever use of bending in the construction process, these strips can be made out of inexpensive and flat sheet materials. The assembly itself takes advantage of two fundamentally different structural states. When handled individually, the thin panels are characterized by their high flexibility, yet when cross-connected to a sandwich, they gain bending stiffness and increase the structure’s rigidity. To explain the possible impacts of this approach, the paper will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of bending-active structures in general and outline the potential of sandwich shells in particular. Furthermore, the authors will address the fundamental question of how to build a load-bearing system from flexible parts by using the practical example of the Studio One Research Pavilion. To illustrate this project in more detail, the authors will present the digital design process involved as well as demonstrate the technical feasibility of this approach through a built prototype in full scale. Finally, the authors will conclude with a critical discussion of the design approach proposed here and point out interesting topics for future research.
keywords	material and construction
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	22eb
authors	Schley, Michael
year	1985
title	CAD Buyer's Checklist
source	Architectural Technology. Summer, 1985. pp. 50-55 : ill
summary	Selecting a computer-aided design system is difficult. Computers confront architects with a bewildering array of capabilities and prices. The performance checklist here can be a big help in evaluating CAD systems. By grading different systems using the same criteria, it is easier to separate fact from impression. Also, it is a useful way to reveal deficiencies that a typical demonstration might hide
keywords	business, CAD, systems, practice, management, hardware, software, architecture
series	CADline
last changed	1999/02/12 15:09

_id	acadia08_214
id	acadia08_214
authors	Schlueter, Arno; Frank Thesseling
year	2008
title	Balancing Design and Performance in Building Retrofitting: A Case Study Based on Parametric Modeling
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2008.214
source	Silicon + Skin: Biological Processes and Computation, [Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) / ISBN 978-0-9789463-4-0] Minneapolis 16-19 October 2008, 214-221
summary	Retrofitting the existing building stock will become one of the key fields of action for architects in the future. Due to the raised awareness of CO2 emissions related to the energy consumption of buildings, architects have to increasingly consider parameters influencing the energy performance of their retrofit designs. This is a complex task especially in the early design stages as multiple dependencies between building form, construction and technical systems influence overall energy performance. The inability to cope with this complexity often leads to simple solutions such as the application of massive insulation on the outside, neglecting aesthetic expression and design flexibility. Digital models storing multidisciplinary building information make it possible to include performance parameters throughout the architectural design process. In addition to the geometric parameters constituting the form, semantic and topological parameters define building element properties and their dependencies. This offers an integrated view of the building. We present a case study utilizing mulit-parametric façade elements within a building information model for an integrated design approach. The case study is based on a retrofit project of a multi-family house with very poor energy performance. Within a design workshop a parametric building model was used for the development of the designs. An integrated analysis tool allowed an immediate performance assessment without importing or exporting building data. The students were able to freely define geometric and performance parameters to develop their design solution. Balancing between formal expression and energy performance lead to integrated design sketches, resulting in surprising solutions for the given design task.
keywords	BIM; Integrative; Parametric; Performance; Sustainability
series	ACADIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	acadia14_247
id	acadia14_247
authors	Schmeidhofer, Heinz; Reis, Martin; Flory, Simon; Rist, Florian; Suter, Georg
year	2014
title	A Framework for Linking Design and Fabrication in Geometrically Complex Architecture
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.247
source	ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9781926724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp. 247-256
summary	We present a fabrication planning framework capable of extending specialized geometric design tools to seamless digital chains that directly connect designer and CNC fabrication machinery. By integrating design and fabrication planning processes, the framework avoids common data exchange problems and allows for feedback on fabrication planning results at design time.
keywords	Geometrically Complex Architecture; Digital Fabrication; CAD/CAM; CNC Machining; Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP).
series	ACADIA
type	Normal Paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	ddss9850
id	ddss9850
authors	Schmid, P. and Olie, J.C.M.
year	1998
title	The Knot - A support for designers, decisionmakers, producers and productsconcerning building systems in the light of Sustainable Development
source	Timmermans, Harry (Ed.), Fourth Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning Maastricht, the Netherlands), ISBN 90-6814-081-7, July 26-29, 1998
summary	This paper deals with the topics of design theory, decision support systems and product modeling. In order to be able to generate optimal decisions in the framework of architectural and building systems design it is necessary to use a proper base, like a design theory, which finally can lead towards a satisfying product modeling in a wide sense of this term.
series	DDSS
last changed	2003/08/07 16:36

_id	ddss9481
id	ddss9481
authors	Schmid, Peter
year	1994
title	MHP: Method Holistic Participation, Research and Experience During the Decades
source	Second Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture & Urban Planning (Vaals, the Netherlands), August 15-19, 1994
summary	Design Decision Support Systems always are closely related to the cooperation of more (than single) people and mostly even of several groups of people. Hence teamwork is an important part inorder to support (design) decisions or systematical and methodical collaboration and cooperation or participation. A system(atic) approach towards these participatory processes will be given in this paper. The MHP can get a place and meaning in the fields of the most urgent problems and within the discussions concerning SBS and ecological disaster (as significantly pointed out in already so many scientific reports and conferences). Collaboration and cooperation is needed more than ever before - although we can find examples and models already long ago. Two main problems can be answered by using the method - as already proofed in several cases: the facing of the environmental demands for building activities, because of the ecological crisis - worldwide combined with the SBS and the necessity for the different (power) groups to come together in order to reach some consensus for our common survival. The paper presentation will be enriched by many illustrations.
series	DDSS
last changed	2003/08/07 16:36

_id	2005_657
id	2005_657
authors	Schmidt, Anne Marie Due
year	2005
title	Digital Tectonic Tools
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2005.657
source	Digital Design: The Quest for New Paradigms [23nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-3-2] Lisbon (Portugal) 21-24 September 2005, pp. 657-664
summary	Tectonics has been an inherent part of the architectural field since the Greek temples while the digital media is new to the field. This paper is built on the assumption that in the intermediate zone between the two there is a lot to be learned about architecture in general and the digital media in particular. A model of the aspects in the term tectonics – representation, ontology and culture – will be presented and used to discuss the current digital tools’ ability in tectonics. Furthermore it will be discussed what a digital tectonic tool is and could be and how a connection between the digital and tectonic could become a part of the architectural education.
keywords	Tectonics, Theoretical Model, Classification of Digital Tools, DrawingTools, Analytical Tools, Digital Tectonic Tools
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	ceca
authors	Schmidt, L.C. and Cagan, Jonathan
year	1998
title	Optimal Configuration Design: an Integrated Approach Using Grammars
source	Journal of Mechanical Design 120, no. 1: 2-9
summary	A computational approach to design that integrates conceptual design, configuration design, and component selection tasks overcomes some of the barriers to successful design automation. FFREADA is an implementation of a general design generation and optimization algorithm featuring hierarchical ordering of grammar based-design generation processes at different levels of abstraction. FFREADA is used to generate near-optimal hand-held power drill trains in a space which exceeding 200 million designs that are not limited to any particular functional architecture or component configuration. Drill power train designs within 1 percent of the optimal solution are found in minutes by sampling 302,000 design states on average. Optimal configurations are found for drills with three different torque requirements.
series	journal paper
last changed	2003/04/23 15:50

_id	ddssup9616
id	ddssup9616
authors	Schmidt-Belz, B., Voß, A., Emkes, L. and Coulon, C.H.
year	1996
title	How to support city planning using map interpretation techniques
source	Timmermans, Harry (Ed.), Third Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning - Part two: Urban Planning Proceedings (Spa, Belgium), August 18-21, 1996
summary	We suggest and motivate a system to support city traffic planning. Our approach is derived from Case-Based Reasoning (CBR), where former experiences (cases) are stored and made available for reuse. To start with, a collection of examples from books or other sources is stored as hypermedia documents. Retrieval of useful examples is enabled by describing (indexing) the examples in several aspects. While some descriptors have to be attached by users or system administrators, others could be automatically inferred. The vision is, that in the long run cases are derived from GIS plans and the CBR support is an integrated tool in a GIS working environment.
series	DDSS
email
last changed	2003/08/07 16:36

_id	acadia10_348
id	acadia10_348
authors	Schmiedhofer, Heinz
year	2010
title	Interactive Geometric Design of Architectural Freeform Hulls with Embedded Fabrication Information
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2010.348
source	ACADIA 10: LIFE in:formation, On Responsive Information and Variations in Architecture [Proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-1-4507-3471-4] New York 21-24 October, 2010), pp. 348-356
summary	As a possible solution to the quandary of seeing two natural parts of the architectural process—free design and successive rationalization--in the hands of two separate professions when it comes to freeform architecture, this paper proposes the incorporation of respective geometric information into architectural design tools. An exemplary prototypical software is introduced, empowering an architect to interactively design and edit architectural freeform shapes represented as regular quad meshes with planar faces. The sustained planarity of faces is an integral part of the design process, thus considerably decreasing the need for elaborate post processing towards feasibility.
keywords	architectural geometry, architectural freeform design, PQ meshes, planar quads, architectural CAD modeling
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	db35
authors	Schmitt, G.
year	1999
title	Information Architecture: Basics of CAAD and its future
source	Basel: Birkhaeuser
summary	With increasing intensity, CAAD (Computer Aided Architectural Design) is determining the daily work of today's architectural offices. Computers allow complex designs to be visualised and altered with great speed and accuracy; three-dimensional models can be created with simulation and animation possibilities, and links to the World Wide Web provide access to a flow of information. The author develops his thesis that these aspects do not just enable the creative process to be optimised in a quantitative sense but also qualitatively. Alongside the spatial and time dimensions, the new electronic possibilities provide a fifth dimension in architecture.
series	other
email
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	8c51
authors	Schmitt, G., Wenz, F., Kurmann, D., Van der Mark, E.
year	1996
title	Toward Virtual Reality in Architecture: Concepts and Scenarios from Architectural Space Laboratory
source	Presence, Vol. 4, No. 3, July, pages pp. 267-285
summary	Contributed by Bharat Dave (b.dave@architecture.unimelb.edu.au)
keywords	3D City modeling
series	other
last changed	2001/06/04 20:23

_id	693f
authors	Schmitt, G.
year	1999
title	Basis and Future of CAAD
source	Birkhauser, Basel.
summary	The IT Revolution in Architecture; a small new series, reflecting on the effects the virtual dimension is having on architects and architecutre in general. In this edition Schmitt illustrates a number of aspects of the territory of CAAD, and demonstrates how this pool of information accumlated in the data basis could be exploited and elaborated as the "5th" dimension of architecture.
series	other
email
last changed	2003/04/23 15:14

_id	e16a
authors	Schmitt, Gerhard N.
year	1985
title	Architectural Tool Building: Introduction to Pascal for Architects and Designers Using Graphics on the IBM PC and Macintosh
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1985.119
source	ACADIA Workshop ‘85 [ACADIA Conference Proceedings] Tempe (Arizona / USA) 2-3 November 1985, pp. 119-128
summary	The growing number of architecture and design students that take introductory computing courses justify the development of courses that are tuned to the specific needs of these disciplines. The importance of graphics has to be reflected in these courses and relationships that exist between structured programming and deterministic design problems must be demonstrated. This paper describes such a course - the software and the tutorial developed for it. It is both the introduction for architecture and design students to become competent program users and the foundation and prerequisite for more advanced courses in data structures and Artificial Intelligence for architectural tool building.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

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