Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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Reformat results as: short short into frame detailed detailed into frame

_id	ecaade2023_466
id	ecaade2023_466
authors	Liu, Zidong, Li, Han, Koehler, Daniel and Li, Yan
year	2023
title	Predicting Non-functional Nodes of Floorplan via Graph Neural Network (GNN)
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.529
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 529–538
summary	This paper presents an innovative approach to automating the floorplan generation process by employing Graph Neural Networks (GNN) to facilitate the transition from functional assignment lists to bubble diagrams and eventually to floorplan graphs. In recent years, there have been many studies on the interconversion of floorplan graph and layout design. However, these studies usually mix up floorplan graph and bubble diagram, despite their distinct roles in representing spatial and functional relationships, respectively. To address this disparity, we introduce a research framework comprising three main steps. First, we generate the CubiBubble5k dataset, which encompasses bubble diagrams and functional lists, drawing on the existing CubiCasa5k and CubiGraph5k datasets. Next, we train a GNN to transform design assignments into structured graph data, utilizing functional lists as input and bubble diagrams as output. Subsequently, we train another GNN that predicts and inserts non-functional spaces, such as corridors and anterooms, into purely functional bubble diagrams, using bubble graphs as input and floorplan graphs as output. We assess the performance of both GNNs and, by integrating our framework with the established graph2plan study, successfully demonstrate the generation of real-world floorplans from project task books. Lastly, we conduct case studies to validate the feasibility of our proposed framework. We use the existing graph2plan platform to visualize the impact of our algorithm on the final layout.
keywords	Floorplan Automation, Bubble Diagram, Graph Restructure, Graph Neural Network
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_461
id	ecaade2023_461
authors	Tu, Han, Varinlioglu, Guzden, Gao, Lingxuan, Chen, Bangyan and Nagakura, Takehiko
year	2023
title	Feeling Like Humans Low-cost wearable sensors for design research in the age of AI
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.761
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 761–768
summary	Spatial emotions have played a critical role in visual-spatial environmental assessment, which can be evaluated using wearable physiological sensors. However, information on virtual spatial sequence assessment with quantitative emotional responses needs to be more comprehensive in the literature. Thus, designers' ability to assess sequential space experiences quantitatively and cost-effectively is limited before the design is finalized. This research measures the emotions expressed while walking in virtual reality (VR) with different spatial parameters using electroencephalograms (EEGs) and electrodermal activity (EDA). Twenty-six subjects experienced three 3D scanned virtual spaces with a VR headset (Quest 2 device) corresponding to the sequential space parameters of different shapes, heights, widths, and lengths. Simultaneously, the EEGs and EDA measured the subjects' responses during their virtual walking. We visualized their physiological data to compare the consistencies among the virtual spatial sequences and human feelings in the VR experiences. Experimental results show that the parameter changes of VR spatial sequences can arouse EDA signals and significant fluctuations in the five frequency ranges of brain waves. Specifically, in terms of VR spaces and emotions, the experiments find that walking virtually from higher to lower spaces increases Alpha and Beta brain wave activity in AF7 and AF8. This research attempts to offer a useful emotion measurement tool in virtual architectural design using multi-physiological sensors, potentially empowering AI human reaction prediction in the future.
keywords	Virtual Reality, Wearable Sensors, Emotion Assessment, Architectural Design, Spatial Sequence
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_249
id	ecaade2023_249
authors	Varinlioglu, Guzden, Tu, Han and Nagakura, Takehiko
year	2023
title	Affective Computing for Game User Research
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.851
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 851–860
summary	This study examines the spatial and emotional experience facilitated by immersive gaming environments and detected by wearable technologies. We designed, implemented, and tested a serious board game involving simulating the urban networks of the trade routes of the past. We recorded the traces of the players’ collective movements using a ceiling-mounted video camera to record the positions of the markers, and a video camera facing the players to record the players’ behaviors. Wearable devices enabled the recording of players’ emotions during their decision-making process. We captured their emotions with three tools: a GSR to capture participants’ emotional state and arousal level, an EEG to record the changes in their brain activity; and a think-aloud protocol to understand their conscious decisions. Finally, we analyzed the gamers’ measured "feelings" and compared these with the expressed feelings. The longer-term goal is to explore architectural design with special attention to feelings experienced within it by means of affective computing methods such as wearable technologies and biosensors, as well as gamification.
keywords	wearable sensors, game user research, affective computing, decision-making, digital heritage, gamification
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_54
id	ecaade2023_54
authors	Abdulmajeed, Abdulwahab, Agkathidis, Asterios, Dounas, Theo and Lombardi, Davide
year	2023
title	Mass-customisation of dwellings in the Middle East:developing a design-to-fabrication framework to resolve the housing crisis in Saudi Arabia
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.157
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 157–164
summary	The Saudi government is taking the initiative to modernise the country and address critical challenges. One of its primary goals is to relieve the housing deficit. One of the challenges in supplying the houses is that potential inhabitants have denied and refused to accept them due to their design failing to meet their demands. Furthermore, the government suffers from providing high-quality housing in line with people’s needs because only a few enterprises can meet the client’s needs, but only at the price of lengthy planning and building times, in addition to increased construction expenses. This research aims to propose a mass customisation design-to-fabrication workflow, which targets environmental optimisation, reduction of construction time and reduced cost and incorporates client involvement. Our research method includes conducting a survey with Saudi Arabian architecture firms to collect data about contemporary clients’ needs, analysing and reviewing mass-customisation tools & techniques, developing a bespoke algorithm capable of mass-customising housing and evaluating the algorithm through design experiments. Our findings present the advantages and challenges of our tool as well as a shape grammar of mass customised floor plan solutions.
keywords	Mass Customisation, Parametric Design, Housing Design
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_426
id	ecaade2023_426
authors	Adelzadeh, Amin, Karimian-Aliabadi, Hamed and Robeller, Christopher
year	2023
title	Wave-edge Modeling Method for Segmented Timber Plate Shell Structures: A computational tool for optimizing the bonding area of CLT joints
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.301
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 301–310
summary	The paper presents an algorithmic modeling tool for segmented timber shell structures made of glued wave-edge CLT plates. The goal is to provide a larger bonding area and thereby higher adhesive strength between plates, especially where a higher tension-resistant capacity is required. In addition to a number of contemporary research for exploring stereotomic modules, the inspiration is taken from the long history of the traditional glued finger joints in carpentry where they are used for providing higher interlocking capacity and adhesive strength. The structural performance of regular and glued finger joints is directly proportional to the bonding area between adjoining elements where they are interlocked and glued. Hence, expanding the shared faces would intrinsically magnify the structural performance of the glued finger joints. The paper presents the modeling method of a material-efficient, grain-informed, and structurally-optimized wedge edge joint system for the multi-shaped shell structures where the wave pattern is chosen for generating smoother fabrication toolpaths compared to any sharp-cornered pattern. The algorithm developed by the authors can efficiently maximize the glue bond by optimizing the wave-edge properties dynamically with respect to the geometric design, material system, and structural analysis within a feedback loop. The wave-edge properties directly affect the material waste and fabrication time and cost; therefore, the production parameters could be directly considered and controlled within the design process. The algorithm is able to produce the structural data model for the direct RFEM structural analysis, and fabrication data for automated production of multitude elements. The paper argues the application possibilities and limitations of the joint system for multi-shaped timber plate shells made of a multitude of geometrically-differentiated timber plates.
keywords	Algorithmic Design, Wave-edge Joint System, CLT, Shell Structure, Timber Prefabrication
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_439
id	ecaade2023_439
authors	Adelzadeh, Amin, Karimian-Aliabadi, Hamed, Ahlund, Karl and Robeller, Christopher
year	2023
title	ReciprocalShell: A hybrid timber system for robotically-fabricated lightweight shell structures
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.651
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 651–660
summary	Reciprocal timber systems have been widely studied, however they have never been directly applied to the segmented timber shell structures as cross bracing of the polygonal topologies. For the first time, this paper presents an innovative hybrid timber system developed for design and construction of the robotically-fabricated lightweight timber shell structures. The paper integrates two configurations of wood beams: polygonal framing and reciprocal bracing. While, the polygonal topology of facets enables a constant distance offset for the thickness of the shell, the reciprocal configuration allows for cross bracing of polygonal frames where diagonals within the polygons cannot directly connect corners due to geometric constraints resulted by the free-form surface structure of shell shapes. Joining the cross-bracing elements in the center of the polygons with a reciprocal node reduces the complexity of the connection system at nodes while demonstrating the high load-bearing capacity of joints to withstand structural loads throughout the structure, compared to connecting 5, 6 or 7 beams in a single point. The article discusses the application and limitations of the timber system while presenting the design-to-assembly process of a case study of the small-scale shell demonstrator with the maximum span of 7.5 meters made of 144 wood elements for each polygonal and reciprocal configurations. The results show that the timber system has a great capacity for the rapid and precise assembly and disassembly of prefabricated timber structures. Generation of similar but different solid elements, allowed for the development of a custom CAD data interface for the automated production of numerous pieces, where simple joint details are applied for both alignment and attachment of beams, reducing the design complexity and facilitate the construction phase. As the result, the fabrication process was completely carried out with only a saw blade in a multi-axis robotic fabrication set up that enables the rapid, precise, and accurate cuts and grooves. Both timber configurations generate a uniform distribution of beam size, meaning that the production process created only a minimal amount of offcuts that allows for the use of simple and cost-efficient, short solid wood pieces.
keywords	Hybrid Timber System, Reciprocal Shell, Robotic Fabrication, Timber Shell, Lightweight Structures
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_74
id	ecaade2023_74
authors	Agkathidis, Asterios, Jourdan, David, Song, Yang, Kanmani, Arathi and Thomas, Ansha
year	2023
title	Four-Dimensional Printing on Textiles Evaluating Digital File-to-Fabrication Workflows for Self-Forming Composite Shell Structures
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.491
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 491–498
summary	This design-led research investigates the development of self-forming wearable composite structures by printing embossed patterns out of flexible filament on pre-stretched textiles and releasing the stress after the printing has been completed, whereby time becomes the fourth dimension of the printing process. In particular, the study presents and compares three methods of ‘file-to-fabrication’ techniques for generating self-forming textile shell structures: The first is based on modified geometrical patterns in relation to curvature analysis, the second on printed patterns related to their stress line simulation and the third on an analysis of the anisotropic shrinking behaviour of stripe patterns. The findings emphasize the advantages and challenges of each method as well as present a comparative table chart highlighting the relationship between material properties, pattern geometry and the formal vocabulary of the composite shells.
keywords	4D printing, additive manufacturing, textile wearables, digital materiality
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_112
id	ecaade2023_112
authors	Aguilera, Andrea V., Zhang, Yu and Shea, Kristina
year	2023
title	Mobile Augmented Reality for Aided Manual Assembly of Compressed Earth Block Dwellings
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.019
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 19–28
summary	This paper investigates how augmented reality (AR) can instruct and assist in assembling an earthen structure consisting of a limited set of geometrically different interlocking blocks. By adapting a visual-inertial object tracking software, to the assembly process of a mortarless, compressed earth block (CEB) dome, the construction site no longer needs physical templates and manuals. This enables the builders to have real-time tracking with visual feedback to actively adjust according to the optical guidance during the course of assembly. Two identical dome structures are built with the same set of earth blocks, one with AR and one without. The results show that using AR can significantly improve construction efficiency for complex, dry-stacked structures as it acts as assembly guidance and provides insight into the limits of the tracking tolerances. Further, this paper discusses the limitations and challenges and can provide an outlook for further research scaling up the production to construct a habitable dwelling. Starting with just a pile of dirt and a mobile phone, the demonstrator exhibits the compatibility of local, sustainable materials and digital, efficient processes.
keywords	Compressed Earth Blocks, Augmented Reality, Interlocking Blocks, Earth Building, Dry-Stack Assembly, Sustainable Construction
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_89
id	ecaade2023_89
authors	Ahmadpanah, Hooshiar, Haidar, Adonis and Latifi, Seyed Mostafa
year	2023
title	BIM and Machine Learning (ML) Integration in Design Coordination: Using ML to automate object classification for clash detection
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.619
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 619–628
summary	Amongst the countless benefits of BIM, clash detection appears to be one of the most recognized ones. This is due to the automated manner in which clashes can be detected in the design stage in comparison to the cumbersome drawing-based clash detection applied in traditional design coordination. When BIM clash detection software, such as Navisworks or Solibri, is used, thousands of clashes can be detected automatically, and a report is generated containing a list of all the clashes with an image of each clash. In most cases, a large number of irrelevant/ignorable clashes can be found, making it extremely difficult and time-consuming to classify those clashes in order to assign responsibilities to manage those clashes, and more importantly specifying which clashes are relevant and which are not. Therefore, finding an automated machine-enabled method to classify clashes into relevant and irrelevant appears to be indispensable. This paper provides the first step towards this automation by developing a Machine Learning (ML) algorithm capable of recognizing the types of elements from images that are originated from the clash detection report. To achieve this, a Deep Learning (DL) algorithm called ‘YOLO’, that is based on object recognition, is developed, and a set of various images indicating different kinds of clashes are used as the dataset. Using the “Makesense” platform, the images are labeled into different categories to feed the algorithm. The algorithm was able to recognize trusses and beams from the images saved in the data set, which is the first step towards object classification. The paper contributes to the knowledge by, firstly, enabling the clashes to be classified based on images rather than numeric information data, and secondly, by applying the DL algorithm that is used in many author industries in the context of clash detection within a construction project.
keywords	BIM, Clash Detection, Machine Learning (ML), Deep Learning, Image Recognition
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_311
id	ecaade2023_311
authors	Akbar, Zuardin, Ron, Gili and Wortmann, Thomas
year	2023
title	Democratizing the Designer’s Toolbox: Adopting free, open-source, and platform-agnostic tools into computational design teaching
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.041
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 41–50
summary	This paper proposes a computational design education approach where students learn to develop their own geometric and logical workflows beyond specific software and platform. The course’s objectives are to familiarize architecture students with computational geometry, foster computational thinking that stays relevant over time, and promote democratized design tools through computation. Over a semester, we taught students to work directly on coordinates or numerical representations by utilizing 3-Dimensional (3D) computer graphics programming rather than learning 3D modeling software that rapidly goes out of style. This paper outlines our teaching methods to introduce the technology stack, design algorithm development, open-source or free tools implementation, and user experience – interface design. This paper also reviews the student’s final projects to deliver interactive web-browser applications for architectural design of varied scales and compares them according to four evaluation parameters. The paper culminates with the project's critical assessment and students' feedback to evaluate our approach and suggest an outlook for future development.
keywords	Computational Design, Algorithmic Design, Education, Design Tool, Platform-Agnostic Software, Open Source, Democratized Design
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	architectural_intelligence2023_8
id	architectural_intelligence2023_8
authors	Alexandros A. Lavdas, Michael W. Mehaffy & Nikos A. Salingaros
year	2023
title	AI, the beauty of places, and the metaverse: beyond “geometrical fundamentalism”
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s44223-023-00026-z
source	Architectural Intelligence Journal
summary	As the tech world moves increasingly toward an AI-generated virtual universe — the so-called “metaverse” — new paradigms define the impacts of this technology on its human users. AI and VR, like the Internet before them, offer both remarkable opportunities and pitfalls. Virtual Reality constitutes a new kind of human environment, and experiencing it relies upon human neurological mechanisms evolved to negotiate — and survive in — our ancestral physical environments. Despite the unrestricted freedom of designing the virtual universe, interacting with it is affected strongly by the body’s built-in physiological and psychological constraints. The eventual success of the metaverse will be determined by how successfully its designers manage to accommodate unconscious mechanisms of emotional attachment and wellbeing. Some fundamental misunderstandings coming from antiquated design models have influenced virtual environmental structures. It is likely that those design decisions may be handicapping the metaverse’s ultimate appeal and utility.
series	Architectural Intelligence
email
last changed	2025/01/09 15:00

_id	ecaade2023_51
id	ecaade2023_51
authors	Aman, Jayedi, Kim, Jong Bum and Verniz, Debora
year	2023
title	AI-Integrated Urban Building Energy Simulation: A framework to forecast the morphological impact on daylight availability
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.369
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 369–378
summary	The research presents a computational framework to investigate the relationship between urban morphology and environmental performance metrics of buildings. Understanding how buildings interact with their surroundings is crucial in optimizing environmental performance. Current urban building energy simulation methods (UBES) often overlook the complex interaction between urban morphology and environmental performance across a diverse set of attributes, resulting in inaccuracies. The proposed framework integrates machine learning (ML) with physics-based simulations and includes Parametric Building Information Modeling, iterative physics-based simulations, Multi-Objective Optimization, and a graph neural network. The framework leverages the detailed analysis capabilities of physics-based simulations and the data processing strengths of ML to analyze urban morphological attributes. Evaluations indicate that the framework enhances prediction accuracy while considering the influence of urban morphology on environmental performance.
keywords	Urban Morphology, Urban Building Energy Modeling, Graph Neural Networks, Sustainable Urban Development, Environmental Performance, Multi-objective Optimization
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_422
id	ecaade2023_422
authors	Amtsberg, Felix, Yang, Xiliu, Skoury, Lior, Sousa Calepso, Aimée, Sedlmair, Michael, Wortmann, Thomas and Menges, Achim
year	2023
title	Multi-Actor Fabrication for Digital Timber Construction
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.417
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 417–426
summary	The research presented in this paper focusses on the prefabrication of wood building systems using human craft and robotic machines as equal actors in collaborative fabrication processes. It uses self-developed components such as a data managing framework system to generate and exchange fabrication data between the design elements and the fabrication environment. Human robot collaboration via augmented reality (AR) technology is facilitated through a software framework and applied in the prefabrication of timber structures. Based on previous research, this iteration uses the concept of multi-actor fabrication and extends the number of human actors in the fabrication process. A case study was conducted for the collaborative fabrication of a timber structure. Five actors (four humans and one 7-axis robotic system) received instructions based on their individual skill set and collectively manufactured a timber structure in an organized workflow.
keywords	Human-Robot Collaboration, Augmented Reality, Multi-Actor Fabrication, Timber Construction
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_328
id	ecaade2023_328
authors	Andreou, Alexis, Kontovourkis, Odysseas, Solomou, Solon and Savvides, Andreas
year	2023
title	Rethinking Architectural Design Process using Integrated Parametric Design and Machine Learning Principles
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.461
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 461–470
summary	Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to process vast amounts of subjective and conflicting information in architecture. However, it has mostly been used as a tool for managing information rather than as a means of enhancing the creative design process. This work proposes an innovative way to enhance the architectural design process by incorporating Machine Learning (ML), a type of Artificial Intelligence (AI), into a parametric architectural design process. ML would act as a mediator between the architects' inputs and the end-users' needs. The objective of this work is to explore how Machine Learning (ML) can be utilized to visualize creative designs by transforming information from one form to another - for instance, from text to image or image to 3D architectural shapes. Additionally, the aim is to develop a process that can generate comprehensive conceptual shapes through a request in the form of an image and/or text. The suggested method essentially involves the following steps: Model creation, Revisualization, Performance evaluation. By utilizing this process, end-users can participate in the design process without negatively affecting the quality of the final product. However, the focus of this approach is not to create a final, fully-realized product, but rather to utilize abstraction and processing to generate a more understandable outcome. In the future, the algorithm will be improved and customized to produce more relevant and specific results, depending on the preferences of end-users and the input of architects.
keywords	End-users, Architects, Mass personalization, Visual programming, Neural Network Algorithm
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_378
id	ecaade2023_378
authors	Araya, Sergio, Fuentes, Cesar, Strahlendorff, Mikko, Camus, María Jesus and Kröger, Anni
year	2023
title	Three-Dimensional Realtime Air Quality Mapping using Astronomical algorithms on Urban Environments
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.811
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 811–820
summary	The OMS estimates that over 7 million people die every year of complications attributed to atmospheric pollution. Air quality has degraded progressively and dramatically in urban environments over the last couple of decades, being a current concern in most metropolitan areas, and the focus of public policy as well as public/private scientific innovation for better diagnostics and better solutions. At SIC we are developing a method for 3D mapping the sources, affected locations, density, motion, translation, and potential composition of polluted air masses in close to real-time. We do this by leveraging a multidisciplinary approach that encompasses urban and architectural simulation with data science and astronomical techniques, producing a data visualization that enables novel research in air quality, urban policy, private investment, sustainability efforts, and smart transportation. Our approach, Sit-C, combines satellite remote sensing of air masses and atmospheric conditions, with data obtained from traffic and urban surveillance cameras deployed throughout the city of Santiago, in Chile. These cameras, oftentimes open to public access, are usually placed linearly along main avenues, or scattered around urban milestones, providing walk-though perspectives and locally situated POVs to observe the city, analog to series of cross-sections through urban areas. Satellite sensing provides a large-scale plan view, allowing for precise location of specific conditions across a region. This collaboration between architects, designers, engineers, and meteorologists, from Chile and Finland, combines digital design, data science, and remote sensing techniques to study air quality. We study suspended particulate matter (SPM) and other molecules, and its spatial behavior over time, through light-occlusion analysis, producing a three-dimensional map of the air over a city.
keywords	Air Quality, Pollution, 3D mapping, Data Science, Astronomy, Sustainable Cities, Smart Cities, Machine Learning
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_71
id	ecaade2023_71
authors	Austern, Guy, Yosifof, Roei and Fisher-Gewirtzman, Dafna
year	2023
title	A Dataset for Training Machine Learning Models to Analyze Urban Visual Spatial Experience
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.781
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 781–790
summary	Previous studies have described the effects of urban attributes such as the Spatial Openness Index (SOI) on pedestrians’ experience. SOI uses 3-dimensional ray casting to quantify the volume of visible space from a single viewpoint. The higher the SOI value, the higher the perceived openness and the lower the perceived density. However, the ray casting simulation on an urban-sized sampling grid is computationally intensive, making this method difficult to use in real-time design tools. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), have excellent performance in computer vision in image processing applications. They can be trained to predict the SOI analysis for large urban fabrics in real-time. However, these supervised learning models need a substantial amount of labeled data to train on. For this purpose, we developed a method to generate a large series of height maps and SOI maps of urban fabrics in New York City and encoded them as images using colour information. These height map - SOI analysis image pairs can be used as training data for a CNN to provide rapid, precise visibility simulations on an urban scale.
keywords	Visibility Analysis, Machine Learning, CNN, Perceived Density
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_421
id	ecaade2023_421
authors	Aydin, Serdar, ªik, Büºra, Yörük, Merve ªule and Aktaº, Begüm
year	2023
title	Assessment of Correlative Digital Drawing Features in the Design Processes of Unstructured Creativity
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.231
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 231–240
summary	This research critically challenges the conventional perception of drawings as mere technical blueprints and delves into the intricate integration of design ideation, abstraction, and speculation with geometrical manipulations and semantic labelling. By focusing on unconventional architectural design studio experiments at the undergraduate level, the study aims to explore the role of creativity in speculative drawing. It adopts a 3- dimensional design thinking process that transcends the rigid constraints of traditional drawings and embraces the fluidity of representational norms. Furthermore, the paper elucidates on the pedagogical aspects of the design studio, including the unstructured creativity inherent in the design process. The methodology employed in this study is exemplified through different stages of the design studio, incorporating a variety of representations such as 2D, 2.5D, and 3D,encompassing scalar, geometric, and material transfigurations. To assess the outcomes of the studio, the research utilises correlation diagrams that establish connections between digital drawing features at different stages and the unstructured creativity manifested in the final design. These scatter and correlation diagrams capture the syntactic relationships between the objects within digital drawings. The findings of this study reveals insight on the nuanced interplay between intuitive, reflective, and retrospective aspects of unstructured creativity during the design ideation process. By unraveling the intricate role of digital design tools and methods this research contributes to a deeper understanding of of how design ideation is generated and manifested through the dynamic interplay of the modulating compounds of drawing objects. It highlights the significance of meaningful, conceptual, and speculative representations that directly relate to the creation of buildable forms and architectural spaces. Through its critical insights, this study paves the way for advancements in the field of CAAD and offers valuable perspective for architectural education and practice.
keywords	Digital design, Correlation, Intuitive Design, Speculative Architectural Drawing
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_436
id	ecaade2023_436
authors	Bank Stigsen, Mathias, Moisi, Alexandra, Rasoulzadeh, Shervin, Schinegger, Kristina and Rutzinger, Stefan
year	2023
title	AI Diffusion as Design Vocabulary - Investigating the use of AI image generation in early architectural design and education
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.587
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 587–596
summary	This paper investigates the potential of Text-to-Image AI in assisting the ideation phase in architectural design and education. The study proposes a structured workflow and tests it with first-year architecture students. It aims to create a comprehensive design vocabulary by using AI-generated images as primary design references and incorporating them into a modelling workflow. The paper implements a process combining specific vocabulary extraction, image generation, 2D to 3D translation, and spatial composition within a six weeklong design course. The findings suggest that such a process can enhance the ideation phase by generating new and diverse design inspirations, improve spatial understanding through the exploration of various design elements, and provide students with a targeted visual vocabulary that helps define design intention and streamlines the modelling process.
keywords	Artificial Intelligence, Text-to-Image, Midjourney, Architectural design, Design ideation, 2D to 3D
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_124
id	ecaade2023_124
authors	Battal, Alim and Yazici, Sevil
year	2023
title	Computational Design and Analysis of Shell Topologies driven by Different Microstructural Patterns found in Natural Materials
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.297
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 297–306
summary	This study aims to introduce new topological solutions in shell structures by transferring the microstructural characteristics of natural materials into macro-scale structures. The methodology is built on three stages, including investigating the microstructure of natural materials, translating this knowledge into the design of shell structures, and assessing their structural behaviour by using Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis. Different algorithms are operated to undertake different tasks in the process, including the creation of cellular solids, their transformation into shell structures, and structural performance evaluations. Structural analysis results of cellular solid-based shells showed that lattice-based shell structures performed better compared to open-cell foams in terms of their structural strength however, obtained disadvantages in terms of their overall mass and material utilization.
keywords	Microstructure, natural materials, shell structures, computational design, structural performance
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_120
id	ecaade2023_120
authors	Baudoux, Gaëlle and Leclercq, Pierre
year	2023
title	Experimenting with a New Proposal for Digital Design Instrumentation: A Wizard of OZ method to study its impact on activity
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.731
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 731–740
summary	This paper is a continuation of a previous research in which we highlighted the limits of the current transition between ideation and digital production, in particular to generate the Building Information Modeling models, and in wich we proposed an alternative transition through the semantic and digital formalisation of the building based on an automatic interpretation of the architectural sketches. We must now study how to test this proposed transition technology. This paper presents the test set up to determine (1) how to extract meaning from the often ambiguous, incomplete and personal graphical traces for generating the building models and (2) how to return these generated models so that they constitute an added value for the design activity. This arrangement consists of a Wizard of Oz type experiment immersing expert designers in this technology for a design capsule. The protocol includes the elaboration of the instrumented work environment and the collection of data via cameras and interviews. These experiments allow to obtain data documenting (1) the activities required to interpret architectural sketches and produce models, and (2) the design activities and human-machine interactions of the architects.
keywords	Design, Human-computer interaction, Ideation-CAD transition, Sketch interpretation, Experimentation protocol, Wizard of Oz
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

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