Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	2005_523
id	2005_523
authors	Li, Andrew I-Kang
year	2005
title	Thoughts on a Designer-friendly Shape Grammar Interpreter
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2005.523
source	Digital Design: The Quest for New Paradigms [23nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-3-2] Lisbon (Portugal) 21-24 September 2005, pp. 523-528
summary	Discussions of shape grammar interpreters overlook a fundamental issue: the model of the designer’s work. Such a model would provide guidance for developing an interpreter with an appropriate interface. In this paper, I first propose a model in which the designer’s work is to create and test generative specifications of languages of designs. I call this model designercentered generative design. Then, I examine the characteristics of shape grammar and how they support or impede this model of work. Finally, I discuss the implications for the design of an appropriate shape grammar interpreter. These provide guidelines for implementing such an interpreter for testing.
keywords	Shape Grammar; Interpreter
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	ecaade2009_118
id	ecaade2009_118
authors	Li, Andrew I-kang; Chen, Liang; Wang, Yang; Chau, Hau Hing
year	2009
title	Editing Shapes in a Prototype Two- and Three-dimensional Shape Grammar Environment
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2009.243
source	Computation: The New Realm of Architectural Design [27th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-8-9] Istanbul (Turkey) 16-19 September 2009, pp. 243-250
summary	Recently we developed a prototype general shape grammar system, called Grammar Environment (Li et al. 2009). It differs from other systems in that it aims to support designers who design with shape grammars. One task of such a system is to support users in editing shapes. The guidelines that we followed in developing Grammar Environment suggested that the shape editing system should both be integrated into the system and be powerful as a drawing tool. This seemed to be contradictory. We decided to make two shape editors: one stronger on integration, the other on drawing power.
wos	WOS:000334282200030
keywords	Shape grammars, shape grammar interpreter, shape grammar environment
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	caadria2009_035
id	caadria2009_035
authors	Li, Andrew I-kang; Hau Hing Chau, Liang Chen, Yang Wang
year	2009
title	A Prototype System for developing two- and Three-Dimensional Shape Grammars
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2009.717
source	Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / Yunlin (Taiwan) 22-25 April 2009, pp. 717-726
summary	A number of researchers have developed shape grammar systems, with a variety of aims. These systems all help users (to varying degrees) to run grammars, but not to develop grammars. However, we believe that developing grammars is also work and needs to be supported. A system to do this would make it easier and more convenient for people using grammars to do design work. Following the generate-test model, we design and implement a prototype system that supports the user in editing grammars, testing grammars, and switching easily between the two types of activity. We emphasize the graphic nature of the task: the user is all the time working with graphic objects, namely shapes.
keywords	Shape grammar; interpreters; development; systems
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	caadria2007_191
id	caadria2007_191
authors	Li, Biao
year	2007
title	A Generic House Design System: Expertise of Architectural Plan Generating
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2007.x.u6h
source	CAADRIA 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Nanjing (China) 19-21 April 2007
summary	This paper presents the process and decision of producing software named “Gen_house” that generates high quality sketches of architectural design tasks. The result of a successful project combining research, development and education in both Europe and Asia is achieved in order to ease the practice demand of considering multiple aspects within a design process. The software employs principles and methods of self- organization, agent based solutions and natural sciences, which brings them to the field of architectural design.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	caadria2020_301
id	caadria2020_301
authors	Li, Bin, Guo, Weihong, Schnabel, Marc Aurel and Moleta, Tane
year	2020
title	Feng-Shui and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) - Analyzing Natural Ventilation and Human Comfort
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2020.1.731
source	D. Holzer, W. Nakapan, A. Globa, I. Koh (eds.), RE: Anthropocene, Design in the Age of Humans - Proceedings of the 25th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 5-6 August 2020, pp. 731-740
summary	The paper explores the analogies between Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Feng-Shui by undertaking an analysis of natural ventilation in Jiangmen city, Southern China. Feng-Shui has been used to inform the orientation, layout, and design of buildings in China for thousands of years. The research questions if these concepts are still valid for contemporary building design. Noting that computational simulation methods such as CFD allow architects to analyse the natural ventilation of buildings, this paper provides a novel study that examines if Feng-Shui principles can be reconciled against contemporary design processes. The research simulates 'community', 'block', and 'single courtyard' via CFD study to confirm the scientifically measurable concepts of Feng-Shui have concerning natural ventilation. We conclude that Feng-Shui concepts enhance natural ventilation and subsequently makes a positive contribution to sustainable building and design.
keywords	Human comfort; Natural ventilation; CFD; Feng-Shui
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	caadria2022_490
id	caadria2022_490
authors	Li, Ce, Guo, Zhe, Cai, Chengzhi, Miao, Junyi, Cao, Xiaoyu, Li, Cong, Guo, Yefei, Cao, Qingning, Zheng, Zifei, Guo, Yuchen, Wu, Wanling, Xu, Zhiyan and Zhou, Xinyan
year	2022
title	Softness and Hardness: What Does Concrete Want? Concrete Physical Form Finding Based on Computational Combined Formwork
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.2.233
source	Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo, Urvi Sheth (eds.), POST-CARBON - Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, pp. 233-242
summary	This project proposes a physical form finding design method by generating concrete flexible formwork through digital algorithm, which aims to explore the potential formal correlation between real material as the medium of transmitting information in physical space and virtual data, so as to discuss the autonomy and intelligence of material under the support of digital design technology. The first part of this paper first discusses the current situation of the application and development of concrete materials in the field of digital construction in recent years, and then studies the adaptability of flexible formwork to the flowable characteristics of concrete materials; Then, the second part puts forward the moulding method of concrete physical shape finding through flexible and rigid composite formwork, and tries to explore the influence of formwork shape under the control of digital algorithm on this process; The third part of the paper records the process of concrete moulding experiment under this method to discuss the internal relationship between the physical form of concrete and combined formwork.
keywords	Physical Form Finding, Textile Concrete Formwork, Material Attributes, Concrete Fabrication, SDG 9
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/07/22 07:34

_id	caadria2021_078
id	caadria2021_078
authors	Li, Chao and Petzold, Frank
year	2021
title	Integrating digital design and Additive Manufacturing through BIM-based digital support - A decision support system using Semantic Web and Multi-Criteria Decision Making
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2021.1.263
source	A. Globa, J. van Ameijde, A. Fingrut, N. Kim, T.T.S. Lo (eds.), PROJECTIONS - Proceedings of the 26th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Online, Hong Kong, 29 March - 1 April 2021, pp. 263-270
summary	Additive Manufacturing in Construction (AMC) envisions a possible alternative for predominantly manual construction with various benefits. In addition to the well-known extrusion-based implementations of AMC, other techniques have been developed to meet various visual and functional requirement. However, the application of Additive Manufacturing (AM) into construction projects has to be carefully evaluated, especially during the early phases of architectural design when important decisions are made. From this point, this work devised an AMC-Oriented Design Decision Support System (DDSS) to identify suitable building components which can be manufactured with specific AM methods. In such a DDSS, knowledge base and decision-making strategy are both critical. To this end, principle of leveraging Semantic Web techniques and Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methodologies will be addressed. At the current stage of our research, pre-printed building components using concrete material are considered during the decision support process.
keywords	Additive Manufacturing in Construction; BIM; Design Decision Support System; Multi-Criteria Decision Making; Semantic Web
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	caadria2021_081
id	caadria2021_081
authors	Li, Danrui, Huang, Rong and Wu, Yihao
year	2021
title	Sensitivity Analysis of Pedestrian Simulation on Train station platforms
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2021.2.529
source	A. Globa, J. van Ameijde, A. Fingrut, N. Kim, T.T.S. Lo (eds.), PROJECTIONS - Proceedings of the 26th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Online, Hong Kong, 29 March - 1 April 2021, pp. 529-538
summary	As the concerns for pedestrian safety in station design are growing, multi-agent simulation becomes more widely used nowadays. While the difference between inputs in regard to their impacts on simulation outputs needs further research, previous studies fail to provide a global analysis of it in complex environments with limited computation resources. Therefore, regression-based SRC and revised Morris Method are employed in a sensitivity analysis of train station platform simulations. Results show that preference for escalators and alighting rate are influential parameters to all three concerned outputs while the standard deviation of walking speed is negligible. Given that most simulation users have limited time and resources, this paper provides a list of parameters that deserve the time and effort to calibrate together with a factor fixing method that can be applied in similar scenarios. In this way, simulation users can lower the uncertainty of train station simulations more efficiently.
keywords	Sensitivity analysis; Train station; Pedestrian; Simulation; Morris Method
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	3d97
authors	Li, H. and Love, P.E.D.
year	1998
title	Design concept as a model for modelling design process and its knowledge
source	The Int. Journal of Construction IT 6(2), pp. 87-103
summary	The strategy of decomposing a design problem into subproblems is commonly used in engineering design. One difficulty in applying this strategy to computer-based design systems is the assembly of subproblem solutions to construct a whole solution. Despite its advantages, this design strategy suffers two major problems. First, as constraints are ill defined and implicitly exist among design objects, it is very difficult to articulate and represent design constraints in computable forms. Second, as design subproblems are designated separately in computer-based design systems, the inherent relationships among subproblems are not considered in contriving these subproblems. As a result, recomposing subproblem solutions is hard to do. This paper presents a model for modelling design processes and the knowledge involved. The model is called ‘design concept’, which represents empirical interconnections of design attributes and intraconnections of design subproblems. Topological relations are represented using decomposition trees. The advantages and disadvantages of integratively using decomposition trees and design concepts in facilitating conceptual design are discussed
series	journal paper
last changed	2003/05/15 21:45

_id	96a7
authors	Li, Heng and Love, Peter E.D.
year	2000
title	Genetic search for solving construction site-level unequal-area facility layout problems
source	Automation in Construction 9 (2) (2000) pp. 217-226
summary	A construction site represents a conflux of concerns, constantly calling for a broad and multi-criteria approach to solving problems related to site planning and design. As an important part of site planning and design, the objective of site-level facility layout is to allocate appropriate locations and areas for accommodating temporary site-level facilities such as warehouses, job offices, workshops and batch plants. Depending on the size, location and nature of the project, the required temporary facilities may vary. The layout of facilities can influence on the production time and cost in projects. In this paper, a construction site-level facility layout problem is described as allocating a set of predetermined facilities into a set of predetermined places, while satisfying layout constraints and requirements. A genetic algorithm system, which is a computational model of Darwinian evolution theory, is employed to solve the facilities layout problem. A case study is presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the genetic algorithm system in solving the construction site-level facility layout problems.
series	journal paper
more	http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed	2003/05/15 21:22

_id	c71c
authors	Li, Jian Cheng
year	1996
title	Study on Computer-aided Design of Shading Device of a Building
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.1996.143
source	CAADRIA ‘96 [Proceedings of The First Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 9627-75-703-9] Hong Kong (Hong Kong) 25-27 April 1996, pp. 143-151
summary	The design of shading device is an important aspect of architectural heat-prevent design in sub-tropical climates of China. There is a large amount of calculation how to choose suitable style and size of shading device for various window in each exposure of a building, for the aim of both sheltering from sunlight indoors and preserving proper sun-shining time in a room. The solution of the calculation for the design of shading device is presented in this paper.
series	CAADRIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	ecaade2022_196
id	ecaade2022_196
authors	Li, Jiaqi, Lo, Tian Tian, Guo, Xiangmin and Chen, Fukai
year	2022
title	Integrating XR and Tangible Model to Enhance Old Building Renovation Design
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2022.2.207
source	Pak, B, Wurzer, G and Stouffs, R (eds.), Co-creating the Future: Inclusion in and through Design - Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2022) - Volume 2, Ghent, 13-16 September 2022, pp. 207–216
summary	The renovation of old buildings usually has complex site constraints, involves multiple interests, and has limited capital costs. Therefore, the transformation process has always encouraged the participation of stakeholders to improve the effectiveness of the design. Tangible user interfaces (TUIs) consisting of physical models further simplify the operation. However, most designs are displayed by projection, which cannot provide a realistic interactive experience. Extended Reality (XR) technology has the advantages of interactivity and clear visualization. We developed a participatory renovation tool using XR technology and tangible models. We invited the owner to view the 3D design proposal in HoloLens and then use the tangible model to discuss the renovation design. This experiment proves that the system can realize on-site 3D visualization, allowing the public to design in a real environment and intuitively interact with the virtual and the real. Using the participatory design method of XR technology + tangible model will provide a convenient platform for the renovation of old buildings with the collaborative participation of stakeholders.
keywords	Building Renovation Design, Participatory Design, Extended Reality, Tangible Model, HoloLens
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/04/22 07:10

_id	caadria2024_166
id	caadria2024_166
authors	Li, Jinmin, Luo, Yilu, Lu, Shuai, Zhang, Jingyun, Wang, Jun, Guo, Rizen and Wang, ShaoMing
year	2024
title	ChatDesign: Bootstrapping Generative Floor Plan Design With Pre-trained Large Language Models
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2024.1.099
source	Nicole Gardner, Christiane M. Herr, Likai Wang, Hirano Toshiki, Sumbul Ahmad Khan (eds.), ACCELERATED DESIGN - Proceedings of the 29th CAADRIA Conference, Singapore, 20-26 April 2024, Volume 1, pp. 99–108
summary	Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in various domains, revolutionizing tasks such as language translation, text generation, and question-answering. However, generating floor plan designs poses a unique challenge that demands the fulfilment of intricate spatial and relational constraints. In this paper, we propose ChatDesign, an innovative approach that leverages the power of pre-trained LLMs to generate floor plan designs from natural language descriptions, while incorporating iterative modifications based on user interaction. By processing user input text through a pre-trained LLM and utilizing a decoder, we can generate regression parameters and floor plans that are precisely tailored to satisfy the specific needs of the user. Our approach incorporates an iterative refinement process, optimizing the model output by considering the input text and previous results. Throughout these interactions, we employ many strategic techniques to ensure the generated design images align precisely with the user's requirements. The proposed approach is extensively evaluated through rigorous experiments, including user studies, demonstrating its feasibility and efficacy. The empirical results consistently demonstrate the superiority of our method over existing approaches, showcasing its ability to generate floor plans that rival those created by human designer. Our code will be available at https://github.com/THU-Kingmin/ChatDesign.
keywords	floor plan generation, large language models, user interactions, automatic design, deep learning, pre-train models
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	caadria2024_465
id	caadria2024_465
authors	Li, Jinze, Song, Zhehao, Wen, Jian, Cai, Chenyi and Tang, Peng
year	2024
title	Exploring Nonlinear Relationship Between Built Environment and Street Vitality Using Machine Learning: A Case Study of Ding Shu, China
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2024.2.375
source	Nicole Gardner, Christiane M. Herr, Likai Wang, Hirano Toshiki, Sumbul Ahmad Khan (eds.), ACCELERATED DESIGN - Proceedings of the 29th CAADRIA Conference, Singapore, 20-26 April 2024, Volume 2, pp. 375–384
summary	Urban vitality serves as the linchpin for sustainable urban development. Being the most extensively utilized public space within cities, augmenting street vitality bears paramount importance in accelerating design in human-centric habitats. This study employs spatial analysis and machine learning methods to explore the potential nonlinear relationships and local threshold effects between the built environment (BE) and street vitality based on multi-source data. This investigation provides support for the quantitative assessment and optimization of street vitality. Initially, using collected street view images, street spatial elements are extracted through deep learning algorithms. Subsequently, integrating multiple data sources, machine learning methods are employed to quantify the impact and interactions of the built environment on street vitality. Illustrated with the case of Dingshu, the feasibility of this process is demonstrated. By examining the correlation and underlying mechanisms between the built environment and street vitality, this study aids decision-makers in leveraging technological means to expedite design processes and create human-centric cities.
keywords	Nonlinear Relationship, Built Environment, Street Vitality, GBDT-SHAP, Interaction Effect
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	caadria2024_88
id	caadria2024_88
authors	Li, Jiongye and Stouffs, Rudi
year	2024
title	Convolutional Neural Network-Based Predictions of Potential Flash Flood Hotspots in Singapore: Insights and Strategic Interventions
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2024.2.069
source	Nicole Gardner, Christiane M. Herr, Likai Wang, Hirano Toshiki, Sumbul Ahmad Khan (eds.), ACCELERATED DESIGN - Proceedings of the 29th CAADRIA Conference, Singapore, 20-26 April 2024, Volume 2, pp. 69–78
summary	Amid increasing urbanization, changing climate, and limited stormwater infrastructure, urban flooding is a global issue, and Singapore is no exception. Traditional identification of flood-prone areas in Singapore has relied on historical flash flood data. However, by applying the booming influx of big data across various domains, including geography, weather, and DEM data, and using the deep learning model, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), this research proposes a method that can accurately and effectively predict flash flood spots in an urban environment. Specifically, datasets including elevation, slope, aspect, rainfall, canals, drainage, and land use are fed into the CNN model to predict the locations of flash floods. The model, with a testing accuracy of 0.962, generates a comprehensive flash flood assessment map identifying high-risk areas in Singapore. Contrary to the current flood-prone area identification, which classifies only 0.79% of the country as susceptible to flash floods based on historical events, our CNN model-based assessment indicates that 11.4% of the country is at high risk. These newly identified zones are predominantly located along the coastline and in low-lying watershed outlets. Additionally, we propose corresponding stormwater infrastructure enhancements to mitigate flash flooding in these locations.
keywords	flash floods, flood prediction, convolutional neural network, geospatial data, flash flood assessment map, stormwater management measures
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	caadria2024_87
id	caadria2024_87
authors	Li, Jiongye and Stouffs, Rudi
year	2024
title	Distribution of Carbon Storage and Potential Strategies to Enhance Carbon Sequestration Capacity in Singapore: A Study Based on Machine Learning Simulation and Geospatial Analysis
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2024.2.089
source	Nicole Gardner, Christiane M. Herr, Likai Wang, Hirano Toshiki, Sumbul Ahmad Khan (eds.), ACCELERATED DESIGN - Proceedings of the 29th CAADRIA Conference, Singapore, 20-26 April 2024, Volume 2, pp. 89–98
summary	The expansion of urbanization leads to significant changes in land use, consequently affecting carbon storage. This research aims to investigate the carbon loss due to land use alterations and proposes strategies for mitigation. Utilizing existing land use data from 2017 and 2022, along with simulated data for 2025 generated by an ANN model and Cellular Automata, we identified changes in land use. These changes were then correlated with variations in carbon storage, both gains and losses. Our findings reveal a significant loss of 36,859 metric tons of carbon storage from 2017 to 2022. The projection for 2025 estimates a further reduction, reaching a total loss of 83,409 metric tons. By employing the LISA method, we identified that low-carbon storage zones are concentrated in the southeast region of the research site. By overlaying these zones with areas of carbon storage loss, we pinpointed regions severely affected by carbon depletion. Consequently, we propose that mitigation strategies should be imperatively implemented in these identified areas to counteract the trend of carbon storage loss. This approach offers urban planners a solution to identify areas experiencing carbon storage decline. Moreover, our research methodology provides a novel framework for scholars studying similar carbon issues.
keywords	land use and land cover (LULC) changes, simulated LULC, machine learning model, carbon storage changes, GIS
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	caadria2014_071
id	caadria2014_071
authors	Li, Lezhi; Renyuan Hu, Meng Yao, Guangwei Huang and Ziyu Tong
year	2014
title	Sculpting the Space: A Circulation Based Approach to Generative Design in a Multi-Agent System
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2014.565
source	Rethinking Comprehensive Design: Speculative Counterculture, Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2014) / Kyoto 14-16 May 2014, pp. 565–574
summary	This paper discusses an MAS (multiagent system) based approach to generating architectural spaces that afford better modes of human movement. To achieve this, a pedestrian simulation is carried out to record the data with regard to human spatial experience during the walking process. Unlike common practices of performance oriented generation where final results are achieved through cycles of simulation and comparison, what we propose here is to let human’s movement exert direct influence on space. We made this possible by asking "humans" to project simulation data on architectural surroundings, and thus cause the layout to change for the purpose of affording what we designate as good spatial experiences. A generation experiment of an exhibition space is implemented to explore this approach, in which tentative rules of such spatial manipulation are proposed and tested through space syntax analyse. As the results suggested, by looking at spatial layouts through a lens of human behaviour, this projection-and-generation method provides some insight into space qualities that other methods could not have offered.
keywords	Performance oriented generative design; projection; multi-agent system; pedestrian simulation; space syntax
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	caadria2008_22_session3a_180
id	caadria2008_22_session3a_180
authors	Li, Li; Jingwen Gu, Jing Ma
year	2008
title	A solution of geometric security based on autoCAD
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2008.180
source	CAADRIA 2008 [Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Chiang Mai (Thailand) 9-12 April 2008, pp. 180-184
summary	There are numerous electronic blueprints used in engineering today. The geometric security of these blueprints is a big problem to be solved. Based on the research on CAD system mechanics, this paper gives a solution that makes geometric access and use secure,, and gives an implementation on AutoCAD system. It designs a new encryption system compatible with the built-in encryption according to the exploration of variants and commands mechanism in AutoCAD system, and the analysis of structure of drawing database. The solution provides a safe access to files for different level users, and it places the control of edit authority on special geometrics via adding customized objects which contains authority information and password to the graphic information database.
keywords	geometric security, order mechanism, customized object
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	5b5d
authors	Li, S.-P., Frazer, J.H. and Tang M.-X.
year	2000
title	A Constraint Based Generative System for Floor Layouts
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2000.441
source	CAADRIA 2000 [Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 981-04-2491-4] Singapore 18-19 May 2000, pp. 441-450
summary	This paper presents the current study of using a constraint based approach to solve floor layout problems. Nonlinear programming technique is used for the solution searching. This paper presents the authors' attempt to improve the nonlinear programming techniques for floor layout problems. Unlike most nonlinear programming systems, multiple optimized solutions can be provided with this system. The process of solving a layout problem, from constraint specification to solution searching, is described in detail. A case study is given in the last section before the conclusions to illustrate how the proposed model works.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	4109
authors	Li, Shu-Xiang and Leow, Murray H.
year	1987
title	The Quadcode and its Arithmetic
source	Communications of the ACM. July, 1987. vol. 30: pp. 621-626 : ill. includes bibliography
summary	The quadcode is a hierarchical data structure for describing digital images. It has the following properties: (1) straightforward representation of dimension, size, and the relationship between an image and its subsets; (2) explicit description of geometric properties, such as location, distance, and adjacency; and (3) ease of conversion from and to raster representation. The quadcode has applications to computer graphics and image processing because of its ability to focus on selected subsets of the data and to allow utilization of multiple resolutions in different parts of the image. A related approach is the quadtree. Samet recently presented a thorough survey of the literature in that field. Gargantini and Abel and Smith presented linear quadtrees and linear locational keys that are efficient labeling techniques for quadtrees. In those papers the geometric concepts of the image are discussed by using the tree as an interpretive medium, and the approaches and procedures are based on traversal of the nodes in the tree. In this paper the authors present the quadcode system, which is a direct description of the image, and discuss the geometric concepts in terms of the coded images themselves
keywords	quadtree, image processing, representation, computer graphics, search
series	CADline
last changed	2003/06/02 13:58

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