| authors |
Johnson, Scott |
| year |
1998 |
| title |
Toward Making the Language of CAAD Match the Language of Architecture: A Protean
Elements Approach |
| source |
Computerised Craftsmanship [eCAADe Conference Proceedings] Paris (France) 24-26 September 1998, pp. 93-100 |
| doi |
https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1998.093
|
| summary |
Both in education and in practice, architecture is experiencing a division between designers and "CAD specialists." One reason for the division
may be the inherent division between design concepts and CAD concepts. In a very real sense, computer use and design utilize different languages.
Becoming an expert in the "craft" of CAD means having to learn to recognize and manipulate a different set of conceptual elements than is used in
design. The set of concepts we use affects our thought and behavior incredibly deeply, and translation from one set of concepts to another has
significant cognitive cost. This paper discusses the mismatch between architectural and CAD concepts, and proposes protean elements as a solution
to the problem. Protean elements are CAD system elements which correspond to architectural elements and have attributes appropriate for the
elements they represent. They can be gradually refined in a top-down manner, without demands for certain pieces of missing data, or requirements
for "correctness." The goal is to help CAD systems come closer to speaking the same language as architects. A test implementation of a system
based on protean elements is currently underway, and aspects of this implementation are discussed. |
| series |
eCAADe |
| more |
http://www.paris-valdemarne.archi.fr/archive/ecaade98/html/02johnson/index.htm |
| full text |
 file.pdf (94,598 bytes) |
| references |
Content-type: text/plain
|
Akin, Ömer (1986)
 Psychology of Architectural Design
, London: Pion Limited
|
|
|
|
|
Alexander, C., Ishakawa, S., Silverstein, M., Jacobson, M., Fiksdahl-King, I. and Angel, S. (1977)
A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction
, New York: Oxford University Press
|
|
|
|
|
Anderson, John R. (1982)
Acquisition of cognitive skill
, Psychological Review, 89, no. 4: 369-406
|
|
|
|
|
Anderson, John R. (1985)
The development of expertise
, Chapter 9 of Cognitive Psychology and Its Implications. 2nd ed. New York: W. H. Freeman & Co
|
|
|
|
|
Anderson, John R. (1990)
Cognitive Psychology and its implications
, 3rd ed. New York: W. H. Freeman & Co
|
|
|
|
|
Chi, M.T.H., Feltovich, P.J. and Glaser, R. (1981)
Categorization and representation of physics problems by experts and novices
, Cognitive Science, 5, 121-152
|
|
|
|
|
Ching, Francis D.K. (1979)
Architecture: Form, Space & Order
, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co
|
|
|
|
|
Day, Ruth S. (1988)
Alternative representations
, The Psychology of Learning and Motivation, 22, 261-305
|
|
|
|
|
Eastman, Charles M. (1992)
Use of data modeling in the conceptual structuring of design problems
, Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures: Education, Research, Applications, ed. Gerhard N. Schmitt, 225-243. Braunschweig/Wiesbaden: Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn Verlagsgesellshaft mbH
|
|
|
|
|
Hayes, John R. (1989)
The complete problem solver
, Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
|
|
|
|
|
Hernandez, Antonio (1969)
J.N.L. Durand’s architectural theory: A study in the history of rational building design
, Perspecta 12: 153-60
|
|
|
|
|
Johnson, Scott E. (1997)
What’s in a representation, why do we care, and what does it mean? Examining evidence from psychology
, ACADIA 97: Representation and Design, eds. J. Peter Jordan, Bettina Mehnert, and Anton Harfmann, 5-15, Cincinnati, Ohio, The Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture
|
|
|
|
|
Krier, Rob (1988)
Architectural Composition
, New York, New York: Rizzoli
|
|
|
|
|
LaBerge, David, and Samuels, S. Jay (1974)
Toward a theory of automatic information processing in reading
, Cognitive Psychology 6, no. 2: 293-323
|
|
|
|
|
Lachmi, K., Timerman, A., Benne, B. and Kalay, Y.E. (1997)
Semantically rich building representation
, ACADIA 97: Representation and Design, eds. J. Peter Jordan, Bettina Mehnert, and Anton Harfmann, 207-227. Cincinnati, Ohio: The Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture
|
|
|
|
|
Lakoff, George (1987)
Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal about the Mind
, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
|
|
|
|
|
Norman, Donald A. (1988)
The Psychology of Everyday Things
, New York: Doubleday
|
|
|
|
|
Norman, Donald A. (1991)
Cognitive Artifacts
, Designing Interaction: Psychology at the Human-Computer Interface, ed. J. M. Carroll. New York: Cambridge University Press
|
|
|
|
|
Ockman, Joan (1990)
Rizzoli Essays on Architecture. Vol. 3, J.N.L. Durand:1760-1834: Art and Science of Architecture
, Sergio Villari. Translated by Eli Gottlieb. New York, New York: Rizzoli International Publications, Inc
|
|
|
|
|
Rosch, Eleanor (1978)
Principles of Categorization
, Chap. in Cognition and Categorization, ed. Eleanor Rosch and Barbara B. Lloyd. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
|
|
|
|
| last changed |
2022/06/07 07:52 |
|
